Climate change (precipitation and temperature) has significantly affected the hydrological regimes and future climate projection. Integration of climate model with physical based model is crucial for ...quantitative measurement of changes in surface water regime. For accurate estimation, modelling framework need finer scale resolution of climate model output. In this study, we examined the bias corrected, statistically downscale models drawn from the NASA, Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections–Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (NEX-GDDP-CMIP5) over the study region. The rainfall and temperature projection output from the INMCM-4, MRI-CGCM3 and their ensemble mean performed well over the Mahi River basin (MRB), India. In this study, the climate data integrated with the SWAT model to analyse the potential impact of climate change on the discharge of MRB. The finding indicates that in the near future (2011–2040) projection of annual average streamflow increases by 76.74% based on the INMCM-4 outputs, 25% based on the MRI-CGCM3 outputs, and 24.53% based on the ensemble mean in comparison to the baseline period (1981–2010). Further, the modelling results of mean monthly streamflow in rainy season indicated that the lowest and highest streamflow changes will be ranging from about 631.07–2718.42 m
3
/s as observed by INMCM-4, 491.71–2938 m
3
/s observed by MRI-CGCM3, 513.02–2270.18 m
3
/s observed by ensemble mean, in the near future. Similarly, in the summer season, the lowest level of stream flow is found to be 158.27 m
3
/s observed by MRI-CGCM3, 193.38 m
3
/s (ensemble mean) and 258.53 m
3
/s (INMCM-4), respectively. Additionally, the streamflow trend was assessed by Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope method at the monthly, seasonal and annual scales. The future streamflow projection represented the ascending trend observed in south west and winter monsoon, while the descending trend was observed in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon under the INMCM-4, MRI-CGCM3, and ensemble mean. Results on projected precipitation, temperature and streamflow accretion would help to develop effective adaptation measures for reducing the impacts of climate change and to work out long-term water resource management plans in the river basin.
The aim of this research is to compare and examine the effectiveness of an emotional, Shock and humour advertising strategies in terms of brand recall, image and attitudes towards the advertisement ...and purchase intentions towards the brand. Secondly, to determine the moderating effects of generation Y on these three types of advertisements. And lastly, to provide marketers with a better understanding of the effectiveness of three types of advertisements and emphasize the importance of alternative methods of breaking through the advertising clutter. To measure the impact of different types's advertisement, six advertisements from each of the three categories, i.e. Shock; Humour and Emotional are shortlisted and linked together. These advertisements (18 in total) are then shown to respondents. Respondents recorded their views in the questionnaire. A total 345 respondents participated in this study. Brand recall is high in both emotional and humorous ads, but the purchase intention is high in an emotional advertisement in eastern culture. Type of product should influence the advertising approach in the promotion of a brand.
The Copper samples were prepared by powder metallurgy route and conventional sintering. The objective of the present work is to study the effect of compaction pressure on the bulk hardness, ...densification behaviour and microstructure of the Copper. The Copper powder is compacted with compaction pressure 500, 600, 700 and 730 MPa. The sintering of all green compact is performed at 750°C for 1.5 hour in conventional muffle furnace. Compaction pressure highly influences the pore size as well as number of pores. With increase in compaction pressure the surface contact area of the powder particles increase which reduce the porosity. The maximum valve of the density and hardness is obtained for 700 MPa and 3 min dwell time. Different characterization techniques such as Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the sintered copper.
To the Editor Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the Bharat biotech vaccine against COVID-19, which is a locally manufactured inactivated vaccine named ''COVAXIN'' in collaboration ...with the Indian council of medical research (ICMR) on 3rd January 2021 for emergency use along with the "Covishield" Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine manufactured locally by the Serum Institute of India... *The Safdarjung COVID-19 Vaccination group: KR Meena (Professor, Paediatrics), U Venkatesh (Assistant Professor, Community Medicine), Pushpa Kumari (Associate Professor, Medicine), Sonal Burman (Specialist, Medicine), Neeraj Kumar Gupta (Professor and Head, Pulmonary Medicine), Nitesh Gupta (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine), Rohit Kumar (Assistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine), Swetabh Purohit (Senior resident, Pulmonary Medicine), Arjun Ramaswamy (Senior resident, Pulmonary Medicine).
•Graphene incorporation influenced the solidification behavior of AlSi10Mg powder during PBF.•Intactness of graphene in the AlSi10Mg matrix was ensured through Raman and APT.•Fluctuation in thermal ...behavior was observed due to exolution of Si and Mg atom during heating.•The CTE was reduced and TC was increased after graphene incorporation.
It is possible to exploit graphene's superior mechanical and thermal properties at the bulk level by reinforcing it in the metal matrix via advanced manufacturing processes. In the present study, the influence of graphene reinforcement on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity (TC) of 3D printed graphene/AlSi10Mg composite was evaluated in the temperature range of 25 °C to 500 °C. The composite samples were prepared by conducting ball-milling of graphene (0.1 and 0.2 wt%)-AlSi10Mg powder followed by powder bed fusion (PBF) process. Relative densities of the prepared samples were evaluated by Archimedes' method. A relative density of 99.1% was achieved for 0.1 wt% graphene/AlSi10Mg composite and unreinforced samples, whereas 98.4% was obtained for 0.2 wt% graphene/AlSi10Mg composite sample. Uniform dispersion of graphene in the matrix was achieved through micron-scale melt processing during PBF, which was ensured using Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggested that graphene is not reacting with the matrix even after laser fusion. The atom probe tomography results further demonstrated the stability of graphene in the matrix. Stable graphene platelets inside the AlSi10Mg matrix were responsible for ~10% reduction in the CTE of the composite owing to the negative CTE of graphene. A slight increment in thermal diffusivity was observed due to a smoother phonon transition at the graphene matrix interface.
Let
X
(
Γ
)
be the space of all finite Borel measure
μ
in
R
2
which is supported on the smooth curve
Γ
and absolutely continuous with respect to the arc length on
Γ
. For
Λ
⊂
R
2
,
the pair
Γ
,
Λ
is ...called a Heisenberg uniqueness pair for
X
(
Γ
)
if any
μ
∈
X
(
Γ
)
satisfies
μ
^
|
Λ
=
0
,
implies
μ
=
0
.
We prove a characterization of the Heisenberg uniqueness pairs corresponding to finitely many parallel lines with an irregular gap. We observe that the size of the determining sets
Λ
for
X
(
Γ
)
depends on the number of lines and their irregular distribution that further relates to a phenomenon of the interlacing of certain trigonometric polynomials.
Abstract Calculation of electron impact excitation cross sections for singly charged Ga ions plays a crucial role in plasma modeling, facilitating the comprehension of plasma behavior, ...characteristics, and dynamics in diverse domains, such as astrophysics, fusion research, the semiconductor industry, etc. In the available literature, there is a notable scarcity of, or even a complete absence of, these cross sections. Hence, in the present work, electron impact excitation cross sections are calculated for the transitions from the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4 s 2 and 4 s 4 p to the fine structure resolved energy levels of the configurations 4 s 4 p , 4 s 5 s , 4 p 2 and 4 s 4 d of the singly charged Ga ion (Ga + ) using the relativistic distorted wave approximation theory with the target states represented by multi configurational Dirac Fock wavefunctions. The cross sections are calculated for projectile electron energy varying from threshold to 500 eV. Furthermore, the electron impact excitation rate coefficients for all the transitions under investigation are also calculated for electron temperatures ranging from 0.5 to 5 eV. In addition, analytic fitting of the rate coefficients is also performed, providing a practical resource for directly utilizing in plasma modeling applications.
The development of web applications essentially relies on users’ demands who expect highly efficacious but cost effective software services. Managing time and cost so as to develop web applications ...that cater to the users’ need is a challenge for developers at present. Moreover, low-cost maintenance can only be achieved by enhancing the durability of the web applications. Identifying characteristics of durability is a complex task because the different experts have different opinions regarding the significance of characteristics that determine durability quotient of the web applications. As established by the best practices undertaken in this context, some experts consider quality to be the most important factor for determining durability. Therefore, the present study enlists multi-criteria decision-based symmetrical technique to address the multi-vector option availability for the apt selection of the characteristics for durability. Furthermore, it has also been identified that a numerical assessment of web applications’ durability can affect the service life and low-cost management in web applications. In this context, to achieve high durability and longevity in web applications, this paper attempts to illustrate and perform a numerical evaluation of durability characteristics. By understanding the various characteristics and their significance towards durability, the paper finds that the hesitant fuzzy-based symmetrical technique of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is an effective methodology for evaluating web applications’ durability. For evaluating the quality of the results and establishing their sensitivity, the authors have assessed the outcomes on six different projects of the University. Additionally, results assessed and discussed in this paper would be a conclusive reference for the developers in their attempts to develop highly durable and manageable web applications.
► Asian palm kernel novel substrate for pullulan production. ► FTIR, 1H NMR confirm pullulan production from Asian palm kernel. ► Under optimum conditions 18.43g/L pullulan was produced. ► Use of ...Asian palm kernel as sole carbon source reduce cost of production.
Production of a commercially important biodegradable polymer, pullulan, by Aureobasidium pullulans from four agricultural wastes namely wheat bran, rice bran, coconut kernel and palm kernel was evaluated in solid state fermentation. Under the experimental conditions, palm kernel resulted in highest concentration of pullulan (16g/L) among the four solid substrates. Optimum initial pH and moisture content for pullulan production were found out to be 6.5 and 50% respectively. 18.43g/L of pullulan was produced from Asian palm kernel with initial pH 6.5 after 7 days of fermentation and yeast like morphology was predominant under this condition. Among different nitrogen sources tried in this study, yeast extract was found to the best. The pullulan produced from palm kernel was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The results were matching with that of commercial pullulan. Thus, Asian palm kernel appears to be an attractive low cost carbon source for the production of pullulan.
The most important obstacles in industrialization of the perovskite solar cell are presence of lead toxicity and stability. In this article, a theoretical analysis of eco-friendly and stable CsSn
0.5
...Ge
0.5
I
3
based PSC has been presented. Different factors influencing the cell performance such as operating temperature, defect concentration, back contact of work function, parasitic resistance and thickness of perovskite layer have been investigated. In the present work, cesium tin germanium triiodide has been used as a cost-effective light absorber layer in place of counterpart of lead. After optimizing thickness of CsSn
0.5
Ge
0.5
I
3
at 700 nm, the parameters such as fill factor, short current density, efficiency, and open-circuit voltage are 64.98%, 26.872 mA/cm
2
, 16.12% and 0.923 V, respectively. The proposed result will open a remarkable way for research community to develop lead-free perovskite solar cells.
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