MoEDAL is designed to identify new physics in the form of long-lived highly ionizing particles produced in high-energy LHC collisions. Its arrays of plastic nuclear-track detectors and aluminium ...trapping volumes provide two independent passive detection techniques. We present here the results of a first search for magnetic monopole production in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions using the trapping technique, extending a previous publication with 8 TeV data during LHC Run 1. A total of 222 kg of MoEDAL trapping detector samples was exposed in the forward region and analyzed by searching for induced persistent currents after passage through a superconducting magnetometer. Magnetic charges exceeding half the Dirac charge are excluded in all samples and limits are placed for the first time on the production of magnetic monopoles in 13 TeV pp collisions. The search probes mass ranges previously inaccessible to collider experiments for up to five times the Dirac charge.
We consider the production at the LHC of exotic quarks U+ of charge Q=+(5/3)e and D− of charge Q=−(4/3)e of mass m* arising in a composite fermion scenario characterized by a compositeness scale Λ. ...Such states are predicted in composite models of higher isospin multiplets (IW=1 or IW=3/2). Given their exotic charges (such as 5/3), their decays proceed through the electroweak interactions. We compute decay widths and rates for resonant production of the exotic quarks at the LHC. Partly motivated by the recent observation of an excess by the CMS collaboration in the epTjj final state signature we focus on pp→U+j→W++jj→ℓ+pTjj and then perform a fast simulation of the detector reconstruction based on Delphes. We then scan the parameter space of the model (m*=Λ) and study the statistical significance of the signal against the relevant standard model background (Wjj followed by leptonic decay of the W gauge boson) providing the luminosity curves as function of m* for discovery at 3- and 5−σ level.
There is a critical need to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of melanoma brain metastases (MBM). Thus, we performed RNA sequencing on 88 resected MBMs and 42 patient-matched extracranial ...metastases; tumors with sufficient tissue also underwent whole-exome sequencing, T-cell receptor sequencing, and IHC. MBMs demonstrated heterogeneity of immune infiltrates that correlated with prior radiation and post-craniotomy survival. Comparison with patient-matched extracranial metastases identified significant immunosuppression and enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in MBMs. Gene-expression analysis of intracranial and subcutaneous xenografts, and a spontaneous MBM model, confirmed increased OXPHOS gene expression in MBMs, which was also detected by direct metabolite profiling and U-
C-glucose tracing
. IACS-010759, an OXPHOS inhibitor currently in early-phase clinical trials, improved survival of mice bearing MAPK inhibitor-resistant intracranial melanoma xenografts and inhibited MBM formation in the spontaneous MBM model. The results provide new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of MBMs. SIGNIFICANCE: Improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of MBMs will facilitate the rational development and prioritization of new therapeutic strategies. This study reports the most comprehensive molecular profiling of patient-matched MBMs and extracranial metastases to date. The data provide new insights into MBM biology and therapeutic resistance.
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We consider the production at the LHC of exotic composite leptons of charge Q = +2e. Such states are allowed in composite models that contain extended isospin multiplets (IW = 1 and IW = 3/2). These ...doubly charged leptons couple with standard model (SM) fermions via gauge interactions, thereby delineating and restricting their possible decay channels. We discuss the production cross section at the LHC of L super(++) (pp arrow right L super(++), l super(-)) and concentrate on the leptonic signature deriving from the cascade decays L super(++) arrow right W super(+) l super(+) arrow right l super(+) l super(+) nul i.e. pp arrow right l super(-)(l super(+)l super(+))nul showing that the invariant mass distribution of the like-sign dilepton has a sharp end point corresponding to excited lepton mass m*. We find that the radicals = 7 TeV run is sensitive at the 3-sigma (5-sigma) level to a mass of the order of 600 GeV if L = 10 fb super(-1) (L = 20 fb super(-1)). The radicals = 14 TeV run can reach a sensitivity at 3-sigma (5-sigma) level up to m* = 1 TeV for L = 20 fb super(-1) (L = 60 fb super(-1)).
A statistical thermodynamic viewpoint is employed towards the electro-mechanical properties of current carrying wires under tension. In particular, we consider the loss in the tensile strength of the ...wire and the tendency to fracture into small segments explosively, in terms of the electronic (relativistic) kinetic energies contributing to the pressure tensor and weakening the metallic chemical binding. A sufficiently violent explosion from a strong current pulse is a conventional manufacturing method for fabricating metallic nano-particles. Such high current fracture explosions are known to often be accompanied by low energy nuclear reactions. We consider the strength of threshold currents for some explicit nuclear reactions from the conventional thermodynamic theory of reaction chemical potentials. Numerical values are provided for important threshold currents.
A theoretical explanation is provided for the experimental evidence that fracturing piezoelectric rocks produces neutrons. The elastic energy micro-crack production ultimately yields the macroscopic ...fracture. The mechanical energy is converted by the piezoelectric effect into electric field energy. The electric field energy decays via radio frequency (microwave) electric field oscillations. The radio frequency electric fields accelerate the condensed matter electrons which then collide with protons producing neutrons and neutrinos.
The Western Ghats (WG) of India, one of the hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world, has witnessed major land-use and land-cover (LULC) change in recent times. The present research was aimed at ...studying the patterns of LULC change in WG during 1985–1995–2005, understanding the major drivers that caused such change, and projecting the future (2025) spatial distribution of forest using coupled logistic regression and Markov model. The International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP) classification scheme was mainly followed in LULC characterization and change analysis. The single-step Markov model was used to project the forest demand. The spatial allocation of such forest demand was based on the predicted probabilities derived through logistic regression model. The R statistical package was used to set the allocation rules. The projection model was selected based on Akaike information criterion (AIC) and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The actual and projected areas of forest in 2005 were compared before making projection for 2025. It was observed that forest degradation has reduced from 1985–1995 to 1995–2005. The study obtained important insights about the drivers and their impacts on LULC simulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt where projection of future state of forest in entire WG is made based on decadal LULC and socio-economic datasets at the
Taluka
(
sub-district
) level.
Endocrine disorders in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers are associated with substantial adverse physical and psychosocial effects. To improve appropriate and timely ...endocrine screening and referral to a specialist, the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) aims to develop evidence and expert consensus-based guidelines for healthcare providers that harmonize recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors. Existing IGHG surveillance recommendations for premature ovarian insufficiency, gonadotoxicity in males, fertility preservation, and thyroid cancer are summarized. For hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction, new surveillance recommendations were formulated by a guideline panel consisting of 42 interdisciplinary international experts. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed) for clinically relevant questions concerning HP dysfunction. Literature was screened for eligibility. Recommendations were formulated by drawing conclusions from quality assessment of all evidence, considering the potential benefits of early detection and appropriate management. Healthcare providers should be aware that CAYA cancer survivors have an increased risk for endocrine disorders, including HP dysfunction. Regular surveillance with clinical history, anthropomorphic measures, physical examination, and laboratory measurements is recommended in at-risk survivors. When endocrine disorders are suspected, healthcare providers should proceed with timely referrals to specialized services. These international evidence-based recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors inform healthcare providers and highlight the need for long-term endocrine follow-up care in subgroups of survivors and elucidate opportunities for further research.
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