SEE PDF Community guidelines The scientific community provides some guidelines for dealing with potential problems in scientific work and it is possible to identify a number of different groups who ...may act: a) editors, b) authors, c) readers, d) institutions, and e) funders (Table 1). According to the glossary of retractions 11 editors have the greatest number of options in resolving potential issues. ...there have been many recommendations and guidelines requiring editors and journals to respond appropriately to fraud 12, 13. ...in accordance with the ICMJE recommendations for proper indexing, the original title and keywords should be enclosed in the update.
In-vivo accuracy of intraoral scans of complete mixed dentitions of patients in active treatment have not yet been investigated. The aim was to test the hypothesis that dimensional differences ...between intraoral scans and conventional alginate impressions in the mixed dentition are clinically irrelevant.
Trial design: Prospective non-randomized comparative clinical trial. Based on sample size calculation 44 evaluable mixed dentition jaws of patients in active orthodontic treatment were included. Each patient received an alginate impression following an intraoral scan (TRIOS® Ortho). Plaster cast was fabricated and scanned with an external scanner (ATOS-SO®). Both STL datasets were analyzed with the 3D inspection and mesh processing software GOM Inspect®. Statistical analysis comprised sample size calculation, t-test as well as nonparametric tests.
The absolute mean difference between digital plaster casts and intraoral scans is 0.022 mm ± 0.027 mm (median 0.015 mm). The obtained measurements are in the range of comparable studies on full arch permanent dentitions. Gender, the size of the jaw represented by the dentition stage and upper respectively lower jaw, as well the malocclusion have no effect on the total deviations between digital plaster casts and intraoral scans. Detectable impression errors were bubbles in fissures and marginal ridges as well as incomplete alginate flow and detachment from the tray. Detectable scanning errors were incomplete distal surface of the most distal molar.
Dimensional differences between intraoral scans and conventional alginate impressions in the mixed dentition are clinically irrelevant for orthodontic purposes. In all clinical situations of active treatment in the mixed dentition, the intraoral scans are more detailed and less error-prone.
Abstract
Aim
The aim of this work is to present a digital methodology of a conventional articulator based planning protocol.
Methods
The digital counterpart consists of intra-oral scans (3Shape) and ...a free available 3D mesh software (Meshmixer, Autodesk). The maxillary position in relation to the reference plane used and the arbitrary hinge axis were determined mathematically from landmarks on cephalometric x-rays and frontal photographs. Distances and angles were calculated to virtually mount the digital jaws in Meshmixer’s wold frame. Virtual planning is done by cloning and moving the jaws according to the preliminary surgery plan. The spatial movements of the jaws are measured by attached reference points.
Results
This digital approach eliminate the need for articulator hardware and laboratory plaster work. It enables all planning scenarios as they are also possible with conventional plaster-based procedures. The method is time-saving, practical and cost-effective. Standard dimensions of articulators and face-bows have been incorporated in the implementation. This reduction of individual patient values puts the accuracy of the presented method within the range of conventional model surgery.
Conclusion
Arbitrary planning will continue to have its place in orthognathic surgery, especially when digital methods can improve the overall process. The method presented can be seen as a cost-effective alternative for patients who do not require technically complex planning.
To investigate morphological differences of the hard palate in infants with Down syndrome (DS) compared with a volumetric-matched control group (CG).
Trial design: retrospective case control study. ...Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, plaster casts of edentulous maxillae of 40 DS infants (20 females and 20 males, aged 221.3 ± 132.4 days) and 40 CG infants (20 females and 20 males, aged 53.9 ± 87.2 days) were digitized and converted into 3-dimensional stereolithography data. An automated landmark- and investigator-independent method for assessing two-dimensional measurements such as width, depth, and length of palate, as well as palatal index and the 3-dimensional volume, were used.
Matching DS and healthy CG infants by age, we found reduced sizes in all linear and volumetric measurements in the DS group. Matching both groups by palatal volume, we found no differences between the groups according to palatal width (p = .93), palatal depth (p = .32), and palatal index (p = .31). Control infants with the same palatal volume compared with the DS infants were about 151 days younger, 95%-CI = 102, 200 (Hodges-Lehmann estimator). Except for palatal length and palatal volume, the growth pattern of DS palates decreased irregularly at age 6 to 9 months.
The palate of DS infants in the first 6 to 9 month of life is of normal shape but considerably smaller compared with healthy normals. From 6 to 9 months onward, the growth pattern of the hard palate in DS infants decreases irregularly. High-arch-constricted palates could, therefore, be interpreted as secondarily acquired in later life. We therefore speculate that it could be advantageous to begin oral muscular stimulating therapy between 6 and 9 months of age which may prevent palatal shape alterations and enhance oral function which also contributes to maxillary development.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Weight gain is a common adverse effect of lithium augmentation. Previous studies indicate an impact of genetic variants at the leptin gene on weight gain as a consequence of psychopharmacological ...treatment. The primary aim of our study was to identify variants at the leptin locus that might predict lithium-induced weight gain. The secondary aim was to investigate if these variants modulate leptin levels. In 180 patients with acute major depressive disorder, body mass index was measured before and after 4 weeks of lithium augmentation, in a subsample also after 4 and/or 7 months. In a subsample of 89 patients, leptin serum concentrations were measured before and during lithium augmentation. We used linear mixed model analyzes to investigate the effects of 2 polymorphisms at the leptin locus (rs4731426 and rs7799039, employing the respective proxy SNPs rs2278815 and rs10487506) on changes in body mass index and leptin levels. For both polymorphisms, which are in high linkage disequilibrium, body mass index was significantly lower in homozygous A-allele carriers than in carriers of other genotypes at baseline. Over the follow-up period, body mass index increased less in homozygous A-allele carriers of rs4731426 than in carriers of other genotypes. This was not the case for rs7799039. Neither polymorphism modulated leptin protein expression. Our study strongly supports the hypothesis that genetic variability at the leptin locus is involved in lithium augmentation-associated weight gain in major depressive disorder. Furthermore, Genotype-Tissue Expression data provide strong evidence that rs4731426 influences the expression of leptin messenger ribonucleic acid in fibroblasts.
Abstract
Background
Treatment algorithms are considered as key to improve outcomes by enhancing the quality of care. This is the first randomized controlled study to evaluate the clinical effect of ...algorithm-guided treatment in inpatients with major depressive disorder.
Methods
Inpatients, aged 18 to 70 years with major depressive disorder from 10 German psychiatric departments were randomized to 5 different treatment arms (from 2000 to 2005), 3 of which were standardized stepwise drug treatment algorithms (ALGO). The fourth arm proposed medications and provided less specific recommendations based on a computerized documentation and expert system (CDES), the fifth arm received treatment as usual (TAU). ALGO included 3 different second-step strategies: lithium augmentation (ALGO LA), antidepressant dose-escalation (ALGO DE), and switch to a different antidepressant (ALGO SW). Time to remission (21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≤9) was the primary outcome.
Results
Time to remission was significantly shorter for ALGO DE (n=91) compared with both TAU (n=84) (HR=1.67; P=.014) and CDES (n=79) (HR=1.59; P=.031) and ALGO SW (n=89) compared with both TAU (HR=1.64; P=.018) and CDES (HR=1.56; P=.038). For both ALGO LA (n=86) and ALGO DE, fewer antidepressant medications were needed to achieve remission than for CDES or TAU (P<.001). Remission rates at discharge differed across groups; ALGO DE had the highest (89.2%) and TAU the lowest rates (66.2%).
Conclusions
A highly structured algorithm-guided treatment is associated with shorter times and fewer medication changes to achieve remission with depressed inpatients than treatment as usual or computerized medication choice guidance.
Background
Studies comparing objective and self-reported cognitive functioning as well as influencing factors in individuals with remitted bipolar disorder are scarce and contradictory.
Methods
The ...aim of this study was to compare executive functioning and other objective and self-reported cognitive impairment between 26 individuals with remitted bipolar disorder (15 BD I) and 24 healthy controls using a cross-sectional design. Executive functions were measured by the TAP Go/No-go subtest as well as the Stroop Task. Self-rated functioning was assessed using the Attention Deficit Experience Questionnaire. In addition, possible predictors of self-reported and objective cognitive functioning were examined to perform regression analyses.
Results
Individuals with remitted bipolar disorder did not differ significantly in executive functions or other objective cognitive domains from the healthy control group, but showed a significantly lower level of self-reported cognitive functioning and self-esteem. While self-esteem was the strongest predictor in healthy controls for self-reported cognitive functioning, severity of illness and subthreshold depressive mood were the most important predictors in individuals with remitted bipolar disorder.
Conclusion
The results once again demonstrate the cognitive heterogeneity in bipolar disorder. In the treatment of cognitive deficits, factors such as subthreshold depressive symptomatology and self-esteem should be focused on in addition to cognitive training in remitted patients.
Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorders are serious illnesses with a chronic course and a high rate of relapse. Typically, bipolar disorders onset during adolescence or early adulthood, with patients ...experiencing significant personal and social costs as a consequence of their illness. Despite this, to date, there is limited (controlled) evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy during the critical stages of the disorder (e.g., early onset). Some preliminary studies suggest that targeted, tailored early interventions in particular may improve disease prognosis. The proposed study examines the effectiveness of group psychotherapy on relapse prevention, global adaptive functioning, and neuropsychological functioning in early-stage bipolar disorder.
Methods
In this multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT), 300 patients with bipolar disorder are randomized to one of two group psychotherapies: Specific Emotional-Cognitive Therapy (SECT; intervention group) or Emotion-Focused Supportive Therapy (EFST; active control group). Each therapy comprises of a total of 48-h sessions (delivered once a month) over a period of 4 months. Assessments take place at baseline (t1); 6 months follow-up, i.e., post-intervention (t2); 12 months follow-up (t3); and 18 months follow-up (t4), whereby 18 months follow-up is the primary time point of interest.
Discussion
The goal of this study is to test the effects of an innovative, specific group therapy relative to an active control condition in terms of rates of relapse, global functioning, and neuropsychological functioning. Pending the outcomes of the trial, it will be possible to establish a firm evidence base for accessible group psychotherapy adjuvant to routine psychiatric care for individuals with bipolar disorder.
Trial registration
USA: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02506322
. Registered on 19 December 2014; Germany: German Clinical Trials Register
DRKS00006013
. Registered on21 May 2015
Background This prospective study aimed to evaluate the influence of the computer type (tablet or desktop) on accuracy and tracing time of cephalometric analyses. Methods Dental students used a ...web-based application specifically developed for this purpose to perform cephalometric analyses on tablet and desktop computers. Landmark locations and timestamps were exported to measure the accuracy, successful detection rate and tracing time. Reference landmarks were established by six experienced orthodontists. Statistical analysis included reliability assessment, descriptive statistics, and linear mixed effect models. Results Over a period of 8 semesters a total of 277 cephalometric analyses by 161 students were included. The interrater reliability of the orthodontists establishing the reference coordinates was excellent (ICC > 0.9). For the students, the mean landmark deviation was 2.05 mm and the successful detection rate for the clinically acceptable threshold of 2 mm suggested in the literature was 68.6%, with large variations among landmarks. No effect of the computer type on accuracy and tracing time of the cephalometric analyses could be found. Conclusion The use of tablet computers for cephalometric analyses can be recommended. Keywords: Lateral cephalogram, Cephalometry, Cephalometric analysis, Radiograph, iPad, Tablet computer, Orthodontic education
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