The paper illustrates synergies between the socio-economic and emergy evaluation of agricultural activity by studying the dairy sector in Slovenia. Evaluation was performed on nine farm types, ...representing the diversity of the country's dairy sector. Results indicate that socio-economic evaluation favours larger conventional systems. Emergy analysis however, favours organic farms, which better exploit local resources and put less stress to the local environment. Socio-economic and emergy indicators show that small conventional farms are the poorest performers overall. Analysis of emergy flows reveals a high dependency of all farm types from the wider socio-economic system, suggesting a limited scope to improve their sustainability.
This paper's aim is an assessment of economic effects of Slovenia's accession to the EU in the field of agriculture and a discussion about some key dilemmas about the introduction of CAP in the new ...member states. For the purpose of assessing economic effects, a new sectoral model of Slovenian agriculture APAS-PAM has been compiled which allows assessment of market and income effects for ten key agricultural products with regard to various accession scenarios. The accession under the scenario of equal treatment of new member states would bring significant improvements in the aggregate income levels. On the other hand, discrimination of the candidate countries in the field of direct payments ("phasing in" process) would result in a fall of aggregate income level by an eighth. Moreover, noncompetitive production structures in the food-processing sector would deteriorate the economic situation of agricultural production by up to further 40 %. The positive effects of different accession scenarios are expected in the sugar beet and - under assumption of eligibility for direct payments - also in coarse grains, beef and sheep meat production. The economic situation in milk production is not expected to change significantly. The negative accession effects can be expected in pigmeat, cereal, egg and, potentially, poultry production. The results reveal a great significance of the equal treatment and differentiation approach to negotiation process for the preservation of the economic situation of Slovenian agriculture after accession. This holds especially for cereal, beef and sheep meat production.
This paper's aim is an assessment of economic effects of Slovenia's accession to the EU in the field of agriculture and a discussion about some key dilemmas about the introduction of CAP in the new ...member states. For the purpose of assessing economic effects, a new sectoral model of Slovenian agriculture APAS-PAM has been compiled which allows assessment of market and income effects for ten key agricultural products with regard to various accession scenarios. The accession under the scenario of equal treatment of new member states would bring significant improvements in the aggregate income levels. On the other hand, discrimination of the candidate countries in the field of direct payments ("phasing in" process) would result in a fall of aggregate income level by an eighth. Moreover, noncompetitive production structures in the food-processing sector would deteriorate the economic situation of agricultural production by up to further 40 %. The positive effects of different accession scenarios are expected in the sugar beet and - under assumption of eligibility for direct payments - also in coarse grains, beef and sheep meat production. The economic situation in milk production is not expected to change significantly. The negative accession effects can be expected in pigmeat, cereal, egg and, potentially, poultry production. The results reveal a great significance of the equal treatment and differentiation approach to negotiation process for the preservation of the economic situation of Slovenian agriculture after accession. This holds especially for cereal, beef and sheep meat production.
Expert analyses and forecasts of economic conditions are a compulsory basis of
any appropriate development and policy making. They are necessary for the
preparation of different expert economic and ...development documents as well as
the continuous adaptation of economic and development policy measures to the
changes in actual developments. The significance of forecasts is even greater if we
take into account that they direct the economies into the desired direction by
influencing the expectations and thereby the actual events. Of course, these are not
forecasts in the classic meaning of the word but rather the most probable results of
developments based on certain assumptions.
The current agricultural policies play a special role in the development of single
markets in agriculture. These policies are usually based on subsidies to agricultural
producers. In the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, subsidies
were until the last reform in 2003 in large part tied to some agricultural
commodities and they thus distorted the free market solutions regarding the supply,
demand and product prices. The producers were encouraged to preserve
agricultural production and at the same time to produce certain commodities. They
should directly contribute to greater economic activity. The situation has only
started to change in the last few years, when market principles have also been
increasingly applied to agriculture.
We can use the production volume, the value of production, and income as
measures of economic activity. Value added, which is the mathematical difference
between the value of production in basic prices and the value of intermediate
consumption, is used in the National Accounts.
The paper aims at assessing the cost competitiveness of Slovenian livestock production on single European market after its EU accession in 2004. For empirical analysis a sector model of Slovenian ...agriculture APAS-PAM has been applied. In the paper three accession scenarios are considered (optimistic EUo, pessimistic EUp and realistic EUr) that describe the whole range of possible accession effects. Accession under the scenario of complete acceptance of the CAP mechanisms and quasi equal treatment by the EU (EUo)
will improve aggregate income level with moderate changes on commodity basis. Discrimination of the acceding countries in the field of direct payments and non-competitive down-stream sector assumed by the EUp scenario will deteriorate the income situation of domestic producers. The most likely outcome will be somewhere between top and bottom levels, projected with EUo and EUp scenarios. For many commodities, the competitiveness of the
food processing industry assuming different price levels for raw materialscould have much greater impact on the economic situation of livestock production than agricultural policy environment itself.
Paper investigates income effects of different direct payments policy options after the accession of Slovenia to the EU by application of a static deterministic total income model for rural ...households in Slovenia (TIM). Model is based on actual income data of 120 agricultural households in Slovenia. With respect to pre-accession baseline situation and accession agreement, income situation of analyzed households is likely to improve under all analyzed policy scenarios. Estimated benefits are
highest in case of standard direct payments scheme, followed by basic flat-rate area payment option
(entirely decoupled). Model results reveal also that policy reform will have redistributive impacts in
favour of agricultural households engaged in extensive agricultural production.
This paper's aim is an assessment of economic effects of Slovenia's accession to the EU in the field of agriculture and a discussion about some key dilemmas about the introduction of CAP in the new ...member states. For the purpose of assessing economic effects, a new sectoral model of Slovenian agriculture APAS-PAM has been compiled which allows assessment of market and income effects for ten key agricultural products with regard to various accession scenarios. The accession under the scenario of equal treatment of new member states would bring significant improvements in the aggregate income levels. On the other hand, discrimination of the candidate countries in the field of direct payments ("phasing in" process) would result in a fall of aggregate income level by an eighth. Moreover, noncompetitive production structures in the food-processing sector would deteriorate the economic situation of agricultural production by up to further 40 %. The positive effects of different accession scenarios are expected in the sugar beet and - under assumption of eligibility for direct payments - also in coarse grains, beef and sheep meat production. The economic situation in milk production is not expected to change significantly. The negative accession effects can be expected in pigmeat, cereal, egg and, potentially, poultry production. The results reveal a great significance of the equal treatment and differentiation approach to negotiation process for the preservation of the economic situation of Slovenian agriculture after accession. This holds especially for cereal, beef and sheep meat production.
This paper's aim is an assessment of economic effects of Slovenia's accession to the EU in the field of agriculture and a discussion about some key dilemmas about the introduction of CAP in the new ...member states. For the purpose of assessing economic effects, a new sectoral model of Slovenian agriculture APAS-PAM has been compiled which allows assessment of market and income effects for ten key agricultural products with regard to various accession scenarios. The accession under the scenario of equal treatment of new member states would bring significant improvements in the aggregate income levels. On the other hand, discrimination of the candidate countries in the field of direct payments ("phasing in" process) would result in a fall of aggregate income level by an eighth. Moreover, noncompetitive production structures in the food-processing sector would deteriorate the economic situation of agricultural production by up to further 40 %. The positive effects of different accession scenarios are expected in the sugar beet and - under assumption of eligibility for direct payments - also in coarse grains, beef and sheep meat production. The economic situation in milk production is not expected to change significantly. The negative accession effects can be expected in pigmeat, cereal, egg and, potentially, poultry production. The results reveal a great significance of the equal treatment and differentiation approach to negotiation process for the preservation of the economic situation of Slovenian agriculture after accession. This holds especially for cereal, beef and sheep meat production.
