Artykuł przedstawia organizację i przebieg „Akcji łączności fabryk (miasta) z wsią” na terenie Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego w czasach stalinowskich (1949–1954). Celem tych propagandowych działań ...było wywołanie poczucia solidarności środowisk wiejskich z miejskimi, ułatwiającego aprobatę dla przymusowych dostaw płodów rolnych i żywca oraz dla socjalistycznej przebudowy wsi. Dla działaczy sportowych przeznaczono zadania tworzenia i rozwoju Ludowych Zespołów Sportowych, w których miała się skupić młodzież wiejska. Także AWF w Warszawie przystąpiło do omawianej akcji. Obok zakładania nowych LZS, prowadzenia treningów i przekazywania sprzętu sportowego, organizowano także spotkania z odczytem politycznych referatów. W okresie prac polowych na wieś wyjeżdżały grupy studentów, pomagając w różnych czynnościach gospodarczych, m.in. w żniwach czy wykopkach. Uatrakcyjniano też spotkania programem kulturalno-oświatowym: wspólnym ogniskiem połączonym z tańcami i śpiewem. W badaniach oparto się na analizie materiałów archiwalnych oraz dostępnej literatury, stosując metodę indukcji oraz dedukcji.
The article presents the determinants of the development of cycling in the areas incorporated by Poland in the first years after the Second World War. The biggest contribution into this process was ...made by people from large cities, pre-war enthusiasts and athletes who undertook the hardships of social activity and the engagement of local youth. Sports organizations were controlled, but also supported, by state authorities that used mass events in the propaganda policy and actions aimed at integrating the Northern and Western Lands with the rest of the country. This was an important task due to the difficult living conditions and marauding groups of criminals for whom Pomorze Zachodnie constituted an area of criminal activity, mainly plundering former German property, as well as attacking. Polish settlers. The development of cycling in Szczecin was favored by the German infrastructure, including a concrete track often used in national championships. At the end of 1949, sport in Poland was reorganized and centralized, making it similar to the Soviet model, where there was no room for social measures. The bourgeoisie clubs had to cease their activities, while the circles and clubs were created at workplaces and trade unions. Sports federations were liquidated and their place was occupied by sports clubs located within the structures of the state administration. The organizational changes were accompanied by the mass popularization of sport and increased financing for competitive sport from the state budget. The goal of such activities was to reach a wide group of young people for the needs of indoctrination, as well as to raise the level of sport to achieve more effective competition with Western countries.
In 1948 The Public Organization „Service to Poland” (Powszechna Organizacja “Służba Polsce”: PO “SP”) was established which aimed at using youths to rebuild the country, their military training and ...indoctrination. The future of socialistic country. dependent on Soviet Union was mainly depending on the right degree of society obedience and effective work for development of state economy. Significant role in this process was played by PO “SP”, which was supposed to cover entire Polish youths aged 16 to 21. The improvement of combat skills was realized in the form of physical education and sport competition, which in time became an important element of organization life. This activity has gained special meaning in the rural parts of country. Creating circles of Folk Sports Teams (LZS) was helped, sport – shooting competitions, sport Sundays and LZS Spartakida’s were organized. The research involved analysis of archival and press materials as well as literature on the subject applying the inductive method. Furthermore, conclusions were drawn without the possibility of direct access to relevant materials, as well as based on knowledge beyond the source (the method of deduction).
After the Second World War, sports communities in the areas incorporated into Poland became more active. The influx of settlers led to the creation of new organizations, which were based on prewar ...organizational patterns and traditions. Right from the outset, the People's Government utilized athletes for political and propaganda purposes. This was primarily aimed at integrating the 'Recovered Territories' with the rest of the country, a process that unfolded notably in Szczecin, the main urban center in Western Pomerania. The governing power harnessed the enthusiasm and zeal of the youth, along with the belief that sports are apolitical. Following the adaptation of the organizational structure of sports to the Soviet model, the mass indoctrination of sports communities commenced in 1950. The Communists began leveraging activists and athletes without constraints to promote a new ideology, with the goal of aligning society with the state policy of that era.
After the Second World War, Poland became a country ruled by the Communists at the service of the Soviet Union. Many Poles were passive towards the new government, forced to accept the imposed order. ...Some of them supported political and social change. Sports communities were among the beneficiaries of the new system. State offices, trade unions and workplaces supported and financed physical culture clubs and organizations. They were a part of the state system of good distribution and depended on the decisions of the ruling party. The cooperation of representatives of sports community, however, often went beyond the ritual behavior demonstrated at mass events. Some decided to cooperate with the secret services by reporting on their sports colleagues.
After the Second World War, the communists used all organs of authority to indoctrinate and incapacitate society in the Soviet Union-dependent socialist countries. Sport also became a tool of the ...government's propaganda policy. The communists established an organization in the countryside called Peasants' Sports Teams, which served as a bridgehead of the ruling party in the collectivization of agriculture. Such actions, consistently implemented during the Stalinist era, were resisted by older residents. They opposed the changes in rural customs, especially the sports activity of girls, treating them as indecent behaviours. Apart from the negative effects on society, the government's policy also had positive ones, such as meeting the vital interests of young people, the need for competition and entertainment.
The article presents organization and course of “Action of Communication of the Factories (City) and The Village” at the Grounds of Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw in the years 1949–1954. The ...purpose of this propaganda actions was evoking the sense of solidarity between rural and urban environments, facilitating approval for forced deliveries of agricultural produce and live animals and for socialist reconstruction of village.Creation and development tasks of Folk Sports Teams (Ludowe Zespoły Sportowe) were assigned to sports activists where village youths were supposed to gather. Also AWF in Warsaw took part in the said action. Next to establishing new LZS, conducting trainings and transferring of sports equipment, meetings with political lectures were also organized. During the period of agricultural field works groups of students traveled to villages helping in various farm activities among others in harvesting of cereals and digging potatoes and other vegetables. These meetings were made more attractive with cultural-educational programs and joint bonfires combined with dancing and singing.The research was based on analysis of archive materials and available literature by applying the method of induction and deduction.
The article shows social and political aspects of implementing Soviet ideology-doctrine of physical culture after taking over the rule by communists in Russia and its evolution up to the year 1939. ...Physical culture, including sports was harnessed into the system of indoctrination of the population, preparation for military service and increased production effort. Sport, which was supposed to serve the working classes, became a tool of propaganda, confrontation with Western Countries and for leading politicians and trainers it became a conveyor belt of power ideology. Against the background of internal and external situation the system of so called socialistic physical culture social sport's phenomenon was shown, which, often against the policy of authorities, remained a way of life, entertainment, and spectacle gathering many fans.
Wraz z rozwojem teoretycznych podstaw nowożytnego sportu rosło zainteresowanie jego rolą w aktywizacji środowisk osób niepełnosprawnych. Organizacja zawodów mistrzowskich dla tych grup, w tym igrzysk ...paraolimpijskich, przyśpieszyła proces społecznej akceptacji oraz kształtowania organizacyjnego. W publikacji przedstawiono uwarunkowania rozwoju sportu głuchych od 1960 roku, tj. od momentu powstania pierwszego Klubu Sportowego Głuchych w tym mieście. Stowarzyszenie od samego początku współpracowało z zakładem wychowawczym dla dzieci niedosłyszących, w którym wychowanie fizyczne i sport były elementem rehabilitacji i kompensacji nabytych wad w rozwoju. W tym środowisku uprawiano pływanie, lekkoatletykę, siatkówkę, koszykówkę, strzelectwo sportowe, tenis stołowy, akrobatykę oraz brano udział w turniejach szachowych. Popularna była także turystyka. W 2001 roku powstał w Szczecinie Uczniowski Klub Sportowy „Wiosło”, a w 2012 roku Szczeciński Klub Sportowy Głuchych „Korona”. Obecnie do propagowanych w tym środowisku dyscyplin sportu należą: piłka nożna, siatkówka, koszykówka, bowling, żeglarstwo oraz wioślarstwo. W pracy ukazano zdrowotne i społeczne korzyści wynikające z uprawiania sportu przez osoby niedosłyszące. Wskazano także na zakres podejmowanej aktywności i możliwe ograniczenia. W badaniach zastosowano metodę dedukcyjno-indukcyjną, analizę materiałów archiwalnych, prasowych oraz dostępnych opracowań, w tym stron internetowych.
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