Overview and status of the ALICE silicon pixel detector Riedler, P.; Anelli, G.; Antinori, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2006, Letnik:
565, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The ALICE Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) forms the two innermost layers of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) of the ALICE experiment at LHC. The SPD is made of hybrid silicon pixel detectors with a total ...of
9.8
×
10
6
readout cells. The total material budget per layer is limited to less than 1%
X
0
. The space and material budget constraints had strict implications on the design of the detector and the device packaging. An overview of the individual components of the SPD is presented as well as the status of production.
We monitored the immune response after liver transplantation in 20 patients by measuring the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD8 (sCD8), serum amyloid-A protein ...(SAA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In six patients data were available to extend the follow-up period to one year. In all patients mean sIL-2R levels increased in the first month after liver transplantation, and subsequently decreased to values similar to pre-OLT ones, while SAA mean levels rose in the first week after OLT only in patients with rejection. sCD8 levels did not significantly rise after OLT, and TNF-alpha was undetectable in most cases. During episodes of rejection, rejector patients had significantly higher levels of sIL-2R, sCD8, and SAA than stable (without complications) patients. Conversely, no significant difference between rejectors and patients with other complications existed for any of the markers studied. These results diminish the importance of these serum markers of immune activation as laboratory tools in the differential diagnosis of acute rejection from other complications. However, sIL-2R, SAA, and sCD8 levels correlated with the histological grade of rejection and therefore can be utilized to monitor patients with an established diagnosis of acute rejection.
Lightwave links are being developed for volume application in the transfer of analog signals from the tracking detector front-ends to the readout electronics. The links are based on electro-optic ...intensity modulators which are mounted on detectors and connected by optical fibers to remotely located transceivers (lasers and photoreceivers). The modulators are III-V semiconductor reflective devices based on multi-quantum well structures. The transceivers will be integrated devices of a novel design. Modulator prototypes have been fabricated and tested. Neutron and /spl gamma/-ray irradiation studies have been performed on modulators and fibers. The main results achieved so far are reported and key system issues are reviewed. This work is part of the CERN DRDC project RD23.< >
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