•Suitable modeling of the thermal boundary conditions for RANS at high Pr numbers.•Taking account of temperature-dependent fluid properties.•Analytically based model formulation.•No restriction of ...the model on y+-range.•High level of accuracy proven in validation against DNS data and experiments.
The present work extends a recently proposed P-function based model for describing the near-wall variation of temperature in forced convective turbulent flow to the case with temperature-dependent material properties. The extension essentially modifies the model formulations for describing the local variation of the turbulent mixing length and the turbulent Prandtl number. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and experimental measurements are carried to provide comprehensive validation data for a wide range of Reynolds numbers, considering molecular Prandtl numbers well beyond unity. The observed good agreement of the predictions with the DNS data and experiments proves the present extended model as a well-suited approach for prescribing reliable thermal boundary conditions in Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations, assuming temperature-dependent material properties.
The etiology of sleep bruxism in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients is not yet fully clarified. This prospective clinical study aimed to investigate the connection between probable sleep bruxism, ...electromyographic muscle tone, and respiratory sleep patterns recorded during polysomnography.
106 patients with OSA (74 males, 31 females, mean age: 56.1 ± 11.4 years) were divided into two groups (sleep bruxism: SB; no sleep bruxism: NSB). Probable SB were based on the AASM criteria: self-report of clenching/grinding, orofacial symptoms upon awakening, abnormal tooth wear and hypertrophy of the masseter muscle. Both groups underwent clinical examination for painful muscle symptoms aligned with Temporomandibular Disorders Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TMD), such as myalgia, myofascial pain, and headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder. Additionally, non-complaint positive muscle palpation and orofacial-related limitations (Jaw Functional Limited Scale-20: JFLS-20) were assessed. A one-night polysomnography with electromyographic masseter muscle tone (EMG) measurement was performed. Descriptive data, inter-group comparisons and multivariate logistic regression were calculated.
OSA patients had a 37.1% prevalence of SB. EMG muscle tone (N1-N3, REM; P = 0.001) and the number of hypopneas (P = 0.042) were significantly higher in the sleep bruxism group. While measures like apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI), respiratory-disturbance-index (RDI), apnea index (AI), hypopnea-index (HI), number of arousals, and heart rate (1/min) were elevated in sleep bruxers, the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in sleep efficiency (SE; P = 0.403). Non-complaint masseter muscle palpation (61.5%; P = 0.015) and myalgia (41%; P = 0.010) were significant higher in SB patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant contribution of EMG muscle tone and JFLS-20 to bruxism risk.
Increased EMG muscle tone and orofacial limitations can predict sleep bruxism in OSA patients. Besides, SB patients suffer more from sleep disorder breathing. Thus, sleep bruxism seems to be not only an oral health related problem in obstructive apnea. Consequently, interdisciplinary interventions are crucial for effectively treating these patients.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Philipps-University Marburg (reg. no. 13/22-2022) and registered at the "German Clinical Trial Register, DRKS" (DRKS0002959).
Background. Risk-adjusted control charts have become popular for monitoring processes that involve the management and treatment of patients in hospitals or other healthcare institutions. However, to ...date, the effect of estimation error on risk-adjusted control charts has not been studied. Methods. We studied the effect of estimation error on risk-adjusted binary cumulative sum (CUSUM) performance using actual and simulated data on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and assessed for mortality up to 30 days post-surgery. The effect of estimation error was indicated by the variability of the 'true' average run lengths (ARLs) obtained using repeated sampling of the observed data under various realistic scenarios. Results. Results showed that estimation error can have a substantial effect on risk-adjusted CUSUM chart performance in terms of variation of true ARLs. Moreover, the performance was highly dependent on the number of events used to derive the control chart parameters and the specified ARL for an in-control process (ARL₀). However, the results suggest that it is the uncertainty in the overall adverse event rate that is the main component of estimation error. Conclusions. When designing a control chart, the effect of estimation error could be taken into account by generating a number of bootstrap samples of the available Phase I data and then determining the control limit needed to obtain an ARL₀ of a pre-specified level 95% of the time. If limited Phase I data are available, it may be advisable to continue to update model parameters even after prospective patient monitoring is implemented.
Malignant, space-occupying supratentorial ischemic stroke is characterized by a mortality rate of up to 80%. Several reports indicate a beneficial effect of hemicraniectomy in this situation. ...However, whether and when decompressive surgery is indicated in these patients is still a matter of debate.
In an open, prospective trial we performed hemicraniectomy in 63 patients with acute complete middle cerebral artery infarction. Initial clinical presentation was assessed by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). All survivors were reexamined 3 months after surgical decompression, with the clinical evaluation graded according to the Rankin Scale (RS) and Barthel Index (BI). We analyzed the influence of early decompressive surgery (<24 hours after symptom onset, based on clinical status at admission and initial CT findings) versus late surgery (>24 hours after first reversible signs of herniation) on mortality, functional outcome, and the length of time of critical care therapy was needed.
In total, 46 patients (73%) survived. Despite complete hemispheric infarction, no survivor suffered from complete hemiplegia or was permanently wheelchair bound. In patients with speech-dominant hemispheric infarction (n=11), only mild to moderate aphasia was present. The mean BI score was 65, and RS score revealed severe handicap in 13% of the patients. In 31 patients with early decompressive surgery, mortality was 16% and BI score 68.8. Early hemicraniectomy led to a significant reduction in the length of time critical care therapy was needed (7.4 versus 13.3 days, P<0.05).
In general, the outcome of patients treated with craniectomy in severe ischemic hemispheric infarction was surprisingly good. In addition, early decompressive surgery may further improve outcome in these patients.
The detection of electron antineutrinos produced by natural radioactivity in the Earth could yield important geophysical information. The Kamioka liquid scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND) ...has the sensitivity to detect electron antineutrinos produced by the decay of 238U and 232Th within the Earth. Earth composition models suggest that the radiogenic power from these isotope decays is 16 TW, approximately half of the total measured heat dissipation rate from the Earth. Here we present results from a search for geoneutrinos with KamLAND. Assuming a Th/U mass concentration ratio of 3.9, the 90 per cent confidence interval for the total number of geoneutrinos detected is 4.5 to 54.2. This result is consistent with the central value of 19 predicted by geophysical models. Although our present data have limited statistical power, they nevertheless provide by direct means an upper limit (60 TW) for the radiogenic power of U and Th in the Earth, a quantity that is currently poorly constrained.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a mental illness gene first identified in a Scottish pedigree. So far, DISC1-dependent phenotypes in animal models have been confined to expressing mutant ...DISC1. Here we investigated how pathology of full-length DISC1 protein could be a major mechanism in sporadic mental illness. We demonstrate that a novel transgenic rat model, modestly overexpressing the full-length DISC1 transgene, showed phenotypes consistent with a significant role of DISC1 misassembly in mental illness. The tgDISC1 rat displayed mainly perinuclear DISC1 aggregates in neurons. Furthermore, the tgDISC1 rat showed a robust signature of behavioral phenotypes that includes amphetamine supersensitivity, hyperexploratory behavior and rotarod deficits, all pointing to changes in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. To understand the etiology of the behavioral deficits, we undertook a series of molecular studies in the dorsal striatum of tgDISC1 rats. We observed an 80% increase in high-affinity DA D2 receptors, an increased translocation of the dopamine transporter to the plasma membrane and a corresponding increase in DA inflow as observed by cyclic voltammetry. A reciprocal relationship between DISC1 protein assembly and DA homeostasis was corroborated by in vitro studies. Elevated cytosolic dopamine caused an increase in DISC1 multimerization, insolubility and complexing with the dopamine transporter, suggesting a physiological mechanism linking DISC1 assembly and dopamine homeostasis. DISC1 protein pathology and its interaction with dopamine homeostasis is a novel cellular mechanism that is relevant for behavioral control and may have a role in mental illness.
We report the demonstration of a low-power pixelated readout system designed for three-dimensional ionization charge detection and digital readout of liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) . ...Unambiguous 3D charge readout was achieved using a custom-designed system-on-a-chip ASIC (LArPix) to uniquely instrument each pad in a pixelated array of charge-collection pads. The LArPix ASIC, manufactured in 180 nm bulk CMOS, provides 32 channels of charge-sensitive amplification with self-triggered digitization and multiplexed readout at temperatures from 80 K to 300 K . Using an 832-channel LArPix-based readout system with 3 mm spacing between pads, we demonstrated low-noise (0<50 e− RMS equivalent noise charge) and very low-power (<100μW/channel) ionization signal detection and readout . The readout was used to successfully measure the three-dimensional ionization distributions of cosmic rays passing through a LArTPC, free from the ambiguities of existing projective techniques. The system design relies on standard printed circuit board manufacturing techniques, enabling scalable and low-cost production of large-area readout systems using common commercial facilities. This demonstration overcomes a critical technical obstacle for operation of LArTPCs in high-occupancy environments, such as the near detector site of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) .
Enamel demineralisation can develop on smooth surfaces as an undesirable side effect during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 38% silver diamine ...fluoride in remineralisation (as estimated by fluorescence gain) of artificial initial lesions in smooth surfaces of human enamel. The smooth surfaces of 50 human tooth samples were artificially demineralised and 45 samples were allocated randomly into three groups receiving a single treatment with a varnish: group I: Riva Star (silver diamine fluoride, SDF), group II: Bifluorid 12 (NaF, CaF
), and group III: Cervitec F (CHX, CPC, NH
F). Five samples were assigned as a negative control group without treatment. All samples were exposed to pH-cycling for 28 days. Fluorescence behavior was measured using Quantitative light-induced fluorescence before and after demineralisation and up to four weeks on a weekly basis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical evaluation (α = 0.05). After demineralisation, all samples showed mean ΔF of - 16.22% ± 4.35, without significance differences between the fluorescence behaviour of the samples (p = 0.251). After 28 days group comparison showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.034) for ΔF values: the lowest fluorescence values were found in group I (SDF, mean ΔF - 16.47 ± 6.08) with a significant difference compared to group III (Cervitec F, mean ΔF - 11.71 ± 4.83). In group II (Bifluorid 12) mean ΔF value was - 15.55 ± 2.15) without statistically significant differences to groups I and III. The fluorescence behaviour of SDF varnish on smooth surfaces with artificial initial enamel lesions was significantly lower compared to Cervitec F varnish after short time use.
Computational modelling of a centrifugal technique for separating binary mixtures of thermoplastic polymers in the molten state is presented. The technique may be useful for the recycling of ...polymeric materials. The study investigates the physical process of component separation due to the centrifugal force in a batch process, showing the potential of using a dispersed model for describing the complex mechanism underlying the technique. Given the long time scales of change of the flow field, the polymer melts are modelled as inelastic, shear-thinning materials. The centrifugal force drives the component with the higher density to the outer region of an annular cross section occupied by the melt inside a rotating containment. The model system PET/LDPE is investigated in detail. The simulations allow to predict the process time needed for the separation. The simulations are the basis for studying a continuous process in a rotating tube.
Systemic acquired resistance Ryals, J.A. (Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC.); Neuenschwander, U.H; Willits, M.G ...
The Plant cell,
(Oct 1996), 19961001, 1996-Oct, 1996-10-01, Letnik:
8, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Several comprehensive literature reviews have been published recently, so in this article we review recent findings that relate to specific steps in the SAR signal transduction pathway. In ...particular, we address progress in the identification of biochemical markers for SAR, the role of salicylic acid in SAR, chemical activators of SAR, and progress in establishing genetic systems to further elucidate steps in the SAR signaling cascade.m
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