Dorian Shainin's group comparison procedure is a way to find the dominant cause(s) of variation in a process, based on an investigation plan that exploits the idea of leveraging. In this paper, we ...study whether Shainin's procedure is sound. Our main finding is that Shainin's procedure is unreliable in identifying the dominant cause, and in addition, the procedure is inefficient. We propose a new efficient and sound analysis procedure based on the method of maximum likelihood. A critical evaluation shows our proposed method is superior. We also provide a tangible example and compare both methods' outcomes.
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of ...neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE's ability to constrain the Formula omitted spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
OBJECTIVE: There is widespread agreement that the concept of defense is useful, but large-scale studies with representative cohorts are lacking. Self-report measures capturing conscious derivatives ...of defense can facilitate such studies. The authors report the design and initial performance of a new self-report measure of specific defenses. METHOD: A 71-item questionnaire based on a developmental model of defenses was created, pilot tested, and refined. The item pool was given to two independent clinical researchers for the classification of items (concordance=98.5%). The instrument was then administered to 1,875 nonclinical subjects drawn from two suburban high schools and from a public waiting area of a local airport (1,038 female subjects; mean age=21.0 years, SD=11.9, range=13-89), who were also assessed with a simple screening measure covering demographic variables and satisfaction with life. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the questionnaire items was good. Two factors emerged from a factor analysis of the items, paralleling Vaillant's theoretical model. Most defenses made unique, significant contributions to these factors. Defenses and factors related in the expected direction with scores on life satisfaction in various domains. CONCLUSIONS: The Response Evaluation Measure is a brief, coherent, and potentially useful screening instrument for the assessment of defenses in adults and adolescents.
Bargaining in asymmetric crisis Steiner, Barry H
International relations (London),
09/2018, Letnik:
32, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Diplomacy, defined as formal communication and bargaining between states, is subject to limits that diplomatic theory must demarcate and understand. This article compares state incentives and ...disincentives (including rejection of negotiation as well as refusal to concede) affecting the decision whether to negotiate in six cases of interstate crisis between militarily unequal antagonists. While it has been argued that asymmetric powers are more likely to reach negotiating agreement than their symmetric counterparts, with weaker states doing surprisingly well, that finding is questioned here in the crisis context. For example, the militarily inferior antagonist, attracted to diplomacy as an alternative to war, might well anticipate inferior results from direct negotiations. The weaker antagonist’s unwillingness in these cases to negotiate with a strong opponent suppressed diplomacy, but great power support for the weaker side, and the stronger power’s lack of war readiness, added to the stronger antagonist’s willingness to negotiate.
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector ...system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The compaction behavior of continuous carbon fiber tows was experimentally studied by means of laser light sectioning method. This method allows a direct measurement of tow cross-sectional dimensions ...during continuous processes. In this work the carbon fiber tows are axially stressed and laid on a curved structure in order to examine their compaction behavior on a smooth surface. The results show a similar compaction behavior for all studied carbon fiber tows that is independent of the tow size.
A "Mindful" Approach to Inclusive Education Stewart, Tracie L.; Willard, Jennifer; Steiner, Hillary H. ...
Scholarship of teaching and learning in psychology,
12/2023, Letnik:
9, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In an experimental study, we examined effects of a "mindful" teaching style on anticipated classroom experiences of Black and White students. College students (118 Black students; 127 White students) ...were randomly assigned to read a transcript of a Cognitive Science class session and to answer questions about their perceptions of potentially taking the course. Transcripts varied in whether the instructor taught "mindfully" (e.g., oriented in the present, alert to distinctions; Langer, 1989) or "mindlessly" and was Black or White, as denoted by pretested names. We then assessed the extent to which participants anticipated feeling valued in the class. We predicted that Black students would feel less valued and respected by White, versus Black, instructors (Boysen et al., 2009; Chesler, 1997; Hurtado et al., 2015), but that this difference would no longer be significant when instructors taught mindfully. Based on the prior research on factors associated with positive classroom experiences (Kawakami et al., 2000; Kunstman et al., 2022), we also assessed perceptions of instructors' genuineness/trustworthiness, predicting that this perception would mediate positive effects of mindful teaching for Black students. Neither teaching style nor professor race impacted White students' assessments. However, there was a significant interaction of teaching style and professor race for Black students, who anticipated feeling less valued by White than Black instructors when instructors taught mindlessly, but not when they taught mindfully. Perceived instructor genuineness/trustworthiness fully mediated this effect. Implementing a mindful teaching style may be one-way White instructors can create more welcoming, affirming classroom environments for Black students.
It is generally accepted that corrosion of steel components in flowing liquid Pb–17Li is ruled by dissolution/deposition processes. A simple method has been devised to calculate the mass transfer in ...liquid metal loops. It is based on the use of mass transfer coefficients which determine the mass flux from the wall into the fluid and vice versa. These coefficients depend on a characteristic dimensionless thermo-hydraulic number, namely the Sherwood number, which itself depends under forced convection flow conditions on the Reynolds number and the Schmidt number. This is supplemented by the application of differential equations for dissolved steel components. The dissolution and deposition rates determine then the evolution of the flow channel geometry along the loop and the flow velocity. The newly developed code MATLIM can routinely deal with multi-modular liquid metal loops. Thus, calculations have been done for the PICOLO loop based on iron solubility and diffusivity correlations of Feuerstein et al.
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