The field surveys of the area of Pliska – the first Bulgarian capital – are part of the “Development of the Archaeological Map of Bulgaria” project. At the same time, they are a continuation of the ...long-term development for completion of the Pliska archaeological map, which began in the distant 1899. The creation of the archaeological map of Pliska has a long history and numerous authors. The main goal has always been the registration of visible sites within the Great earthen rampart – the Outer city of Pliska, as well as in the near vicinity of the town. So far intensive field surveys in the Pliska area were conducted in 2010–2012. In 2017, over a period of 25 days, 4 km2 were covered in the eastern, northern and western parts of the Outer city, which has a total area of 23 km2. Seventy six sites - settlements, buildings, building complexes, churches and a necropolis were registered. The common criteria for collecting and classifying information from the survey area set the basis for building an objective picture of the settlement structure of the Outer City of Pliska.
The study investigates the origin and current trends in the offshoring of services and business processes worldwide. It follows the offshoring phenomenon in the Bulgarian economic environment as well ...as offshoring research published in English or Bulgarian.
Melatonin deficiency caused by a prolonged light regime leads to a disturbance in the circadian rhythmicity of a number of physiological and biochemical parameters, including disruption of the ...synchronizing role of the hormone on endocrine and metabolic functions in the body. The aim of the present study was to explore the sex-dependent consequences of prenatal exposure to constant light (CL) on behavioural responses of rat adult offspring. In addition, the effect of melatonin supplementation on pregnant rats exposed to CL was evaluated on emotional disturbance due to melatonin deficiency. Chronic exposure to CL during pregnancy induced impaired emotional responses in male and female adult offspring, including decreased visits to aversive central zone in the open field test and elevated plus maze test and reduced consumption of sweet solutions. The elevated anxiety and anhedonia was corrected in a generation of prenatal melatonin-deficient rats of the two sexes. Our results suggest that prenatal rat exposure to CL provokes long-term behavioural impairments in male and female adult offspring. The beneficial role of melatonin supplementation on these disturbed responses suggests that our prenatal model induces melatonin deficiency that causes sustainable changes in offspring. Further data are needed to ascertain the mechanism underlying the prenatal-induced deleterious effect of melatonin deficiency and possible therapeutic options.
The impact of agriculture on surface and groundwater is determined as negative.On the other hand, agriculture is negatively influenced by wastewater and pollutedgroundwater. The aim of the paper is ...to identify, analyze and assess the impacts ofagriculture on water pollution and agriculture as a pollutant. The object of thesurvey is agriculture, and the subject of research is 1) the impact of water pollutionon the agrarian sector and 2) the effects of agrarian activities on water pollution.The methodological framework of the paper includes: 1) literature review ofimpact of the water resources on agriculture and agriculture as a contributor to thewater pollution; 2) analysis of impact of agriculture on water pollution based onstatistical information and own survey; 3) conclusions and recommendations formitigation of water pollution. The used method in the paper is survey methodamong agrarian, environmental and agroecological experts.
The paper presents work in progress on the compilation and automatic annotation of a dataset comprising examples of stative verbs in parallel Bulgarian-Russian corpora with the goal of facilitating ...the elaboration of a classification of stative verbs in the two languages based on their lexical and semantic properties. We extract stative verbs from the Bulgarian and the Russian WordNets with their assigned conceptual information (frames) from FrameNet. We then assign the set of probable Bulgarian and Russian stative verbs to the verb instances in a parallel Bulgarian-Russian corpus using WordNet correspondences to filter out unlikely stative candidates. Further, manual inspection will ensure high quality of the resource and its application for the purposes of semantic analysis.
This article proposes an interpretation of some statistical and empirical evidence of the impact of land pollution on agriculture and agriculture as pollutant. The new conditions concerning the ...quality of land and land pollution, together with the increasing demand for profitability of traditional agriculture, have led to problems of lack of sufficient farming lands and increased level of degraded soil quality. The land is characterized as a prime production factor in agriculture with own specifications and cadaster. The study emphasizes the contribution of the impact of agriculture on land usage in Bulgaria and the agriculture as affected by soil pollution. The parts of the article are as follows: 1) literature review concerning the connection of the agriculture as a soil/land pollutant and soil/land polluter; 2) Methodology is based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional distribution of data collected by own survey. 3) According to the collected data is made analysis and some general conclusions which can be used as policy recommendations.
This paper presents a critical overview of thematic classes of stative verbs. To this end, we analyse three well-known thematic classifications of stative verb classes. While the main focus is on the ...works by Paducheva (1996; 2004), Spencer and Zaretskaya (2003) and Van Valin and LaPolla (1997), where relevant we comment on research by other authors. The goal of the study is to shed light on the different views regarding the properties of stative predicates from an aspectual and semantic perspective and to outline the main thematic classes that fall into the category of statives.
Keywords: stative predicates, semantic typology, thematic classes and subclasses
This paper presents a critical overview of thematic classes of stative verbs. To this end, we analyse three well-known thematic classifications of stative verb classes. While the main focus is on the ...works by Paducheva (1996; 2004), Spencer and Zaretskaya (2003) and Van Valin and LaPolla (1997), where relevant we comment on research by other authors. The goal of the study is to shed light on the different views regarding the properties of stative predicates from an aspectual and semantic perspective and to outline the main thematic classes that fall into the category of statives.
Keywords: stative predicates, semantic typology, thematic classes and subclasses
Agriculture is an important sector of Bulgarian economy and is a trigger for the development of rural areas. The analysis of district development takes into account the importance of European ...cohesion policy and national support for the achievement of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The main aim of this study is to reveal the place and the role of Bulgarian agriculture in rural development. Based on the clusterization on a district level we defined 3 clusters. The first one – “economically poor - ecologically stable” has the highest probability for agricultural development and ability to transform into a well-developed agrarian cluster and to develop environmentally friendly activities and tourism. The second cluster –” economic developed” has potential for good prospects for the realization of the population, development of the diverse sectors, access to education and a high standard of living. The third cluster called “transitional - towards good economic development and ecologically unstable” has potential for the development of activities, including agrarian and use of new technologies to contribute to GDP per capita growth. The given policy recommendations are directed into the development of the three clusters. In the first cluster, policy makers should direct efforts to overcome the economic problems by transformation into a well-developed agrarian cluster. Cluster 2 is well developed and the policy should be directed at increasing the economic capacity of the studied areas. Cluster 3 is a transitional one and there the policy makers should try to develop a multifunctional way of transformation to sustainable territory for living. The results are part of the scientific project DN 15/8 2017 Sustainable multifunctional rural areas: reconsidering agricultural models and systems with increased demands and limited resources funded by the Bulgarian research fund.
The current study aims to synthesize and analyze both pure and La-doped TiO2, and evaluate the photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of as-prepared samples. Doped and undoped samples were ...prepared by the non-hydrolytic sol–gel method from titanium(IV) chloride, benzyl alcohol, and lanthanum(III) nitrate followed by thermal treatment. Lanthanum content in synthesized samples was 0.4, 1, and 5 mol%. The resulting nanopowders’ structure and morphology were described using XRD, IR, and UV–Vis analysis. The average particle sizes of pure and doped TiO2 were about 6–15 nm and anatase was found to be a dominant crystalline phase in the samples. It was observed that particle sizes decreased on increasing La content. The photocatalytic activity of the pure and La-doped sol–gel powders was estimated in the decomposition of paracetamol in distilled water using ultraviolet light illumination. Doping with lanthanum ions has been shown to increase the photocatalytic properties on the degradation of paracetamol. Furthermore, the annealed catalysts (pure and La3+ doped) showed increased photocatalytic activity and degradation of the analgesic in comparison with non-annealed materials. In both cases, the highest photocatalytic efficiency is observed at the optimal La3+ (1 mol%) concentration. The antimicrobial activity of 1 mol% La/TiO2 was tested against a reference strain E. coli in the presence of ultraviolet light and in dark conditions. The number of viable bacterial cells was determined by a spread plate method, and kill curves were performed. The results showed that photoactivated 1 mol% La/TiO2 exhibited a strong bactericidal effect, and in concentration, 1 mg/mL efficiently killed bacteria at an initial cell density of about 105 colony forming units in 1 mL within 15 min.
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