La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de conceptos de programación hacen parte de los pilares en la formación de los profesionales en el área de software. Esta investigación tiene por objeto identificar y ...estudiar las problemáticas del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la programación orientada a objetos. Los hallazgos evidenciaron la dificultad del estudiante para asimilar el concepto de "método". La investigación incluyó una revisión sistemática de bibliografía especializada sobre los estudios que han abordado procesos de enseñanza en el área de desarrollo de software y presentan soluciones a las problemáticas analizadas. Como resultado se plantea una estrategia pedagógica denominada "Identificando mi clase", basada en gamificación, cuyo objeto es facilitar la comprensión de conceptos básicos del paradigma orientado a objetos en los estudiantes. Finalmente, la estrategia se aplicó en dos grupos para analizar los resultados mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon.
This study explores the gender differences in the use of coping strategies to reduce food insecurity in Colombian urban and rural households. Data was collected from the Colombian National Survey of ...Nutritional Status (ENSIN 2015), and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression models, logistic models, and simultaneous equation models. Results show that rural households have a higher prevalence of food insecurity than their urban counterparts. After adjusting for household characteristics - e.g., head of household schooling level -, urban households were more likely to present severe and moderate food insecurity, whereas rural households were more likely to experience mild food insecurity. This result was explained by self-consumption and certain coping strategies, such as selling seeds from the next harvest or animals, implemented by rural households. Even though female-headed households present on average higher levels of food insecurity than male-headed ones, because they are more likely to use coping strategies, especially in rural areas, they can reduce and even cancel out this gap. Hence, female heads are more successful in mitigating food insecurity.
Este estudo explora as diferenças no uso de estratégias de combate para superar a insegurança alimentar em domicílios urbanos e rurais da Colômbia, cujas famílias são chefiadas por mulheres e homens. Este estudo utilizou a Pesquisa Nacional da Situação Nutricional da Colômbia (ENSIN 2015). Três tipos de modelos foram estimados: regressão logística ordinal, logística e equação simultânea. Domicílios rurais apresentam maior prevalência de insegurança alimentar do que os urbanos. No entanto, após controlar as características - por exemplo, a escolaridade dos chefes de família -, os domicílios urbanos são mais propensos a sofrer insegurança alimentar severa e moderada, ao passo que os domicílios rurais são mais propensos a insegurança alimentar leve. Esse resultado foi explicado pelo consumo de produção própria e algumas estratégias de enfrentamento, como a venda de sementes da próxima safra ou animais, que podem ser implementadas por famílias rurais. Descobrimos que as famílias chefiadas por mulheres são mais propensas a usar estratégias de enfrentamento do que as famílias chefiadas por homens. Como resultado, embora as famílias chefiadas por mulheres tenham, em média, níveis de insegurança alimentar mais elevados do que as chefiadas por homens, o uso de estratégias de enfrentamento por mulheres, especialmente nas áreas rurais, reduz e pode até cancelar essa lacuna. Concluímos, então, que chefes mulheres são mais bem sucedidas em mitigar a insegurança alimentar.
El objetivo del estudio fue explorar las diferencias en el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento para superar la inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares colombianos entre los hogares encabezados por mujeres y los encabezados por hombres, tanto en zonas urbanas como rurales. Este estudio utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional (ENSIN 2015). Para lograr nuestro objetivo, estimamos tres tipos de modelos: modelos de regresión logística ordinal, modelos logísticos y modelos de ecuaciones simultáneas. Encontramos que los hogares rurales tienen una mayor prevalencia de inseguridad alimentaria que los urbanos; sin embargo, después de controlar por las características del hogar, por ejemplo, el nivel educativo de su jefe, los hogares urbanos tienen más probabilidades de presentar inseguridad alimentaria severa y moderada, mientras que los hogares rurales tienen más probabilidades de experimentar inseguridad alimentaria leve. Este resultado se explica por el autoconsumo y algunas estrategias de afrontamiento, como la venta de semillas de la próxima cosecha o de animales, que los hogares rurales pueden poner en práctica. Hemos observado que los hogares encabezados por mujeres son más propensos a utilizar estrategias de afrontamiento que los hogares encabezados por hombres. En consecuencia, aunque los hogares encabezados por mujeres tienen en promedio niveles más altos de inseguridad alimentaria que los encabezados por hombres, el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento por parte de las mujeres cabeza de familia, especialmente en las zonas rurales, reduce e incluso puede anular esta diferencia. Por lo tanto, concluimos que las mujeres cabeza de familia tienen más éxito a la hora de mitigar la inseguridad alimentaria.
ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the effect of an online Workplace Vocal Health and Low Stress Levels (WVHLS) Promotion Program implemented in a Colombian university during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods ...This research was a quasi-experimental study. Twenty-nine professors participated in this study within two groups: (1) intervention group (n=17) or (2) non-intervention group (n=12). Participants in the intervention group took part in four virtual sessions about how to improve vocal health and strategies to reduce stress levels during their homeworking and online classes. Teachers filled in a questionnaire including questions about working conditions, work-related stress, and the voice functioning (including the Vocal Fatigue Index-VFI). They also recorded a voice sample of a sustained vowel on two separate occasions (before and after the follow-up). Results At the end of the follow-up, there was a tendency to reduce Factor 1 of VFI in the intervention group. Although, all participants had a longer MPT at the end of the study compared with the baseline measures, males in the intervention group had longer MPT compared with other participants. Conclusion Our results suggest a positive effect of a WVHLS promotion program on reducing vocal fatigue perception measured by means of the Vocal Fatigue Index and improving coordination and control of breathing speech measured MPT. These changes at the end of the follow-up may indicate that holistic programs that include voice care recommendations, breathing exercises, vocal warm-up, cold-down and laryngeal relaxation vocal exercises, and stress management may be beneficial for reducing work-related stress and voice symptoms among professors.
RESUMO Objetivo Determinar o efeito de um programa online de saúde vocal no local de trabalho e de redução dos níveis de estresse (SVLTRNE, ou por sua sigla em inglês, WVHLS - Workplace Vocal Health and Low Stress Levels), implementado em uma universidade colombiana durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método O desenho do estudo foi quase experimental, com a participação de vinte e nove professores, separados em dois grupos: grupo intervenção (n=17) e grupo controle (n=12). Os participantes do grupo de intervenção participaram de quatro sessões virtuais que abordaram como melhorar a saúde vocal e as estratégias para reduzir os níveis de estresse durante o trabalho. Os professores preencheram um questionário que incluía questões sobre condições de trabalho, estresse relacionado ao trabalho e índice de fadiga vocal (IFV). Também foi gravada uma amostra de voz com uma vogal sustentada, em duas ocasiões diferentes (antes e depois da intervenção). Resultados No final desse estudo, foi observada uma tendência à redução do Fator 1 do IFV no grupo intervenção. Embora todos os participantes tivessem um TMF mais longo no final do estudo em comparação com as medidas basais, os homens do grupo de intervenção tiveram TMF mais longo em comparação com outros participantes. Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo sugerem um efeito positivo do programa de promoção WVHLS na redução da percepção de fadiga vocal e na melhora da coordenação e controle da coordenação pneumofônica, medidos com o IFV e TMF. Essas mudanças, observadas ao final do estudo, podem indicar que programas holísticos que incluem recomendações de cuidados com a voz, exercícios respiratórios, exercícios vocais de aquecimento e resfriamento, exercícios vocais de relaxamento laríngeo e controle do estresse podem ser benéficos para reduzir o estresse relacionado ao trabalho e sintomas vocais em professores.
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive pest mainly affecting berry and stone fruit crops worldwide. In Argentina, it inhabits fruit-growing regions. An eco-friendly management strategy ...involves biological control by using resident natural enemies, such as the Neotropical-native pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Ta). The study compared the host-killing capacity and the offspring reproductive success of two Ta lineages on the puparia of both D. suzukii (Ds) and D. melanogaster (Dm) in no-choice and choice tests under laboratory conditions. The host preference and host-switching behaviors were also assessed. One parasitoid lineage was reared on Ds (TaDs), and the second on Dm (TaDm). In no-choice tests, both Ta lineages performed similarly on both hosts regarding the percentage of killed hosts and parasitoid offspring survival. The host-killing ability of TaDm was only significantly lower when Ds was offered as a host, relative to Dm. In choice tests, Ta attacked mainly Ds at a 4–9 times Ds to Dm ratio, but at a 1.5–2 times Ds to Dm ratio, the host-killing ability was similar between both drosophilids. At an equal host ratio or higher Dm ratios, Ta preferred the native host. However, it was determined that Ta has the potential to parasitize the recently-introduced pest.
A 37-year-old woman was referred to the emergency department of Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, with low blood pressure and intense asthenia. She also complained of ...hyporexia and progressive tanning without having been sunbathing. She had a history of abdominal pain and drowsiness that began 3 months ago, but no vomiting was associated. Vital signs were: blood pressure: 85/43 mm Hg, pulse rate: 97/min, respiratory rate: 18/min, axillary temperature: 36.5°C. On physical examination, remarkable hyperpigmentation was observed in gums, Open Access Figure 1. Intense Hyperpigmentation of Gums and Perilabial Skin. Figure 2. Hyperpigmentation of Skin and Nipple. perilabial skin, knuckles and nipples. Intense asthenia associated with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia made us suspect the disease the patient had; further studies showed Cortisol 1.9 ug/dL and ACTH 1259 ug/mL, clearly compatible with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI).
Background
Linked datasets that enable longitudinal assessments are scarce in low and middle‐income countries.
Objectives
We aimed to assess the linkage of administrative databases of live births and ...under‐five child deaths to explore mortality and trends for preterm, small (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) in Mexico.
Methods
We linked individual‐level datasets collected by National statistics from 2008 to 2019. Linkage was performed based on agreement on birthday, sex, residential address. We used the Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health software to identify the best candidate pairs based on similarity. Accuracy was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We evaluated completeness by comparing the number of linked records with reported deaths. We described the percentage of linked records by baseline characteristics to identify potential bias. Using the linked dataset, we calculated mortality rate ratios (RR) in neonatal, infants, and children under‐five according to gestational age, birthweight, and size.
Results
For the period 2008–2019, a total of 24,955,172 live births and 321,165 under‐five deaths were available for linkage. We excluded 1,539,046 records (6.2%) with missing or implausible values. We succesfully linked 231,765 deaths (72.2%: range 57.1% in 2009 and 84.3% in 2011). The rate of neonatal mortality was higher for preterm compared with term (RR 3.83, 95% confidence interval, CI 3.78, 3.88) and for SGA compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (RR 1.22 95% CI, 1.19, 1.24). Births at <28 weeks had the highest mortality (RR 35.92, 95% CI, 34.97, 36.88). LGA had no additional risk vs AGA among children under five (RR 0.92, 95% CI, 0.90, 0.93).
Conclusions
We demonstrated the utility of linked data to understand neonatal vulnerability and child mortality. We created a linked dataset that would be a valuable resource for future population‐based research.
Biological control has been the most commonly researched control tactic within fruit fly management programs. For the first time, a review is carried out covering parasitoids and predators of fruit ...flies (Tephritidae) from the Americas and Hawaii, presenting the main biological control programs in this region. In this work, 31 species of fruit flies of economic importance are considered in the genera Anastrepha (11), Rhagoletis (14), Bactrocera (4), Ceratitis (1), and Zeugodacus (1). In this study, a total of 79 parasitoid species of fruit flies of economic importance are listed and, from these, 50 are native and 29 are introduced. A total of 56 species of fruit fly predators occur in the Americas and Hawaii.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
Low birthweight (<2500 g) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) are markers of newborn vulnerability. To facilitate informed decisions about investments in prevention and care, it is imperative to ...enhance data quality and use. Hence, the objective of this study is to systematically assess the quality of data concerning low birthweight and preterm births within routine administrative data sources.
Design
Systematic data quality assessment by adopting the WHO Data Quality Framework.
Setting
National routine data system from UN member states.
Population
Livebirths.
Methods
National routine administrative data on low birthweight and preterm births for 195 countries from 2000 to 2020 were systematically collated, totalling >700 million live births. The WHO data quality framework was adapted to undertake standardised data quality assessments.
Main outcome measures
Availability, reporting quality, internal and external consistency of low birthweight and preterm data.
Results
Most United States Member States (64%: 124/195) had national data on low birthweight and (40%: 82/195) had data on preterm birth. Routine data system reporting was highest in North America, Australasia and Europe, where more than 95% live births had data on low birthweight and over 75% had data preterm births. In contrast, data reporting was lowest in sub‐Saharan Africa (13% for low birthweight, 8% for preterm births) and Southern Asia (16% for low birthweight, 5% for preterm births). Most countries collect individual‐level data; but, aggregate data reporting from hospital‐based systems remain common in sub‐Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. While data quality was generally high in North America, Australasia and Europe, gaps remain in the availability of gestational age metadata. Consistency between low birthweight and preterm rates were poor in Southern Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa regions across time. There was high external consistency between low birthweight rates obtained from routine administrative data compared with low birthweight rates obtained from survey data for countries with high data quality.
Conclusions
Sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia countries have data gaps but also opportunities for rapid progress. Most births occure in facilities, electronic health information systems already include low birthweight, and adding accurate gestational age including with ultrasound assessment is becoming increasingly attainable. Moving toward the collection of individual level data would enable monitoring of quality of care and longer‐term outcomes. This is crucial for every child and family and essential for measuring progress towards relevant sustainable development goals. The assessment will inform countries’ actions for data quality improvement at national level and use of data for impact.
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