Abstract
Recent predictions on climate change indicate that high temperature episodes are expected to impact rice production and productivity worldwide. The present investigation was undertaken to ...assess the yield stability of 72 rice hybrids and their parental lines across three temperature regimes over two consecutive dry seasons using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) stability model analysis. The combined ANOVA revealed that genotype × environment interaction (GEI) were significant due to the linear component for most of the traits studied. The AMMI and GGE biplot explained 57.2% and 69% of the observed genotypic variation for grain yield, respectively. Spikelet fertility was the most affected yield contributing trait and in contrast, plant height and tiller numbers were the least affected traits. In case of spikelet fertility, grain yield and other yield contributing traits, male parent contributed towards heat tolerance of the hybrids compared to the female parent. The parental lines G74 (IR58025B), G83 (IR40750R), G85 (C20R) and hybrids G21 (IR58025A × KMR3); G3 (APMS6A × KMR3); G57 (IR68897A × KMR3) and G41 (IR79156A × RPHR1005) were the most stable across the environments for grain yield. They can be considered as potential genotypes for cultivation under high temperature stress after evaluating under multi location trials.
Functions of Hydrotropes in Solutions Subbarao, C. V.; Chakravarthy, I. P. K.; Sai Bharadwaj, A. V. S. L. ...
Chemical engineering & technology,
February, 2012, Letnik:
35, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Hydrotropes affect a several‐fold increase of the solubility of sparingly soluble solutes under normal conditions. Their water‐solubility can significantly enhance the solubility of organic solutes ...such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, and fats. While the study of hydrotropes is pioneered by a biochemist, greater appreciation of their role and applicability has happened rather in chemistry and chemical engineering than in biology. Hydrotropes are widely used in drug solubilization, as extraction agents for fragrances, as agents to increase the rate of heterogeneous reactions, and for separation of close‐boiling liquid mixtures through extractive distillation and liquid‐liquid extraction. Applications of hydrotropy and its mechanism are discussed and the scope for future work is presented in this review.
Hydrotropes are water‐soluble surface‐active compounds that at higher concentration enhance the solubilities of organic reactants in aqueous phases. Besides being cheap, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly, aqueous hydrotropic solutions possess physicochemical characteristics required to be an alternative reaction media. Applications of hydrotropy and its mechanism are reviewed and discussed.
The wild species of rice,
Oryza rufipogon
, is a source of genetic variation for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. With the objective to genetically enhance the elite rice cultivar, ‘Samba ...Mahsuri’, a set of 192 BC
2
F
2
and BC
2
F
3
lines developed from
O. rufipogon
was characterized for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. The study revealed the presence of significant genetic variability and transgressive segregation for productive tillers, spikelets per panicle, and grain yield per plant. The study also identified several introgression lines superior to the recurrent parent for yield enhancing traits and blast resistance. Molecular characterization of 26 blast resistant lines identified multiple blast resistance genes in IL-136
Pib
,
Pi
9 (t),
Pi54
,
Pi
38,
Pitp
and
Pi
20(t), IL-3
Pib
,
Pi54
,
Pi
38,
Pitp
and
Pi
20(t), and IL-140
Pib
,
Pi
9(t),
Pi54
,
Pi38
, and
Pitp
. Based on the performance of yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance, seven lines (IL-27, IL-28, IL-29, IL-72, IL-139, IL-158 and IL-171) showed merit. Estimation of the recovery of the recurrent parental genome by using 117 polymorphic SSR markers revealed that recurrent-parental genome recovery varied from 54.0 (IL-158) to 92.3% (IL-27). These promising, high-yielding introgression lines with multiple blast-resistance genes can serve as important genetic resources for yield and blast resistance improvement in rice, especially for the southern India.
A set of 24 genotypes were studied for 17 grain quality characters and validated with the reported associated rice microsatellite markers with grain quality characters. Using 23 polymorphic markers ...distributed across 11 chromosomes marker-trait associations were studied. The percentage of polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers ranged between 54.0 and 86.7. Eight markers with >80% and seven markers with >70% of PIC were found to be efficient in differentiating the studied grain quality characters. A total of 37 significant marker-trait associations (
P
≤ 0.09) were found with
R
2
ranging from 4.70% to 43.80%. Eight markers a (RM246, RM11, RM241, RM16427, RM421, RM3, RM234 and RM257) showed association with more than one character suggesting their utility for the selection for grain quality characters which can be deployed in the rice crop improvement programmes.
While anticancer properties of
(SG, commonly known as Paradise tree) are well documented in ancient literature, the underlying mechanisms leading to cancer cell death begin to emerge very recently. ...The leaves of SG have been used as potential source of anticancer agents in traditional medicine. Recently attempts have been made to isolate anticancer agents from the leaves of SG using solvent extraction, which identified quassinoids as the molecules with tumoricidal activity. However, it is not known whether the anti-cancer potential of SG leaves is just because of quassinoids alone or any other phytochemicals also contribute for the potency of SG leaf extracts. Therefore, SG leaves were first extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 70% ethanol, water and anti-cancer potential (for inhibiting colorectal cancer (CRC) cells HCT-116 and HCT-15 proliferation) determined using Sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The chloroform fraction with maximal anticancer activity was further fractionated by activity-guided isolation procedure and structure of the most potent compound determined using spectral analysis. Analysis of the structural characterization data showed the presence of tricaproin (TCN). TCN inhibited CRC cells growth in a time- and dose dependent manner but not the normal cell line BEAS-2B. Mechanistically, TCN reduced oncogenic Class-I Histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity, followed by inducing apoptosis in cells. In conclusion, the anti-cancer potential of SG is in part due to the presence of TCN in the leaves.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient to all crops including rice and it plays a key role in various plant activities and development. Low availability of P in the soils negatively, influences ...rice crop growth and causes significant yield loss. In the present study, we characterized a set of 56 germplasm lines for their tolerance to low soil P by screening them at low soil P and optimum soil P levels along with low soil P tolerant and sensitive check varieties. These lines were genotyped for the presence/absence of tolerant allele with respect to the major low soil P tolerance QTL,
Pup1
, using a set of locus specific PCR-based markers, viz., K46-1, K46-2, K52 and K46CG-1. High genetic variability was observed for various traits associated with low soil P tolerance. The yield parameters from normal and low soil P conditions were used to calculate stress tolerance indices and classify the genotypes according to their tolerance level. Out of the total germplasm lines screened, 15 lines were found to be tolerant to low soil P condition based on the yield reduction in comparison to the tolerant check, but most of them harbored the complete or partial
Pup1
locus. Interestingly, two tolerant germplasm lines, IC216831 and IC216903 were observed to be completely devoid of
Pup1
and hence they can be explored for new loci underlying low soil P tolerance.
Depending on the position on the panicle, grain filling differs for spikelets on primary branches and secondary branches of upper and lower portions in rice (Oryza sativa L.). With the objective of ...identifying candidate genes associated with the grain-filling process across the panicle, a candidate gene (CG)-based mapping approach was attempted in an F 2 population derived from the cross between Rasi, a rice variety known for its good grain filling, and IC114927, a local landrace. The grain filling (%) was characterized for 444 F 2 individual plants across the panicle. Within the F 2 population, thirteen plants were identified with >90% grain filling across the panicle. For 120 markers designed from 1 kb upstream and within the candidate genes reported to be involved in translocation process of sugars, 18.3% polymorphism was observed. Using a selective genotyping approach comprising 24 individuals from eight groups based on their filling and position, two associated CG markers were identified. Further analysis of the mapping population showed a CG marker based on the sucrose phosphate synthase gene on chromosome 2 to be significantly associated with filling of grains on primary branches of the upper half of the panicle and another CG marker based on the transporter gene on chromosome 11 to be associated with filling of grains on primary branches of the lower half; secondary branches of the upper half and lower half of the panicle. Both the positive alleles were contributed by the variety Rasi. With a candidate gene-based marker mapping approach, two genes involved in sugar translocation and transport were identified to be directly associated with grain filling in rice.
An efficient and green synthesis of functionalized cyano pyridines has been achieved
via montmorillonite K-10 mediated multi-component reaction in a chemo- and regioselective manner. The ...four-component reaction of
β-keto ester, arylaldehyde, malononitrile and an alcohol provided a variety of pyridine derivatives and montmorillonite K-10 was found to be a reusable catalyst. The potential of this operationally simple methodology has been demonstrated in further structure elaboration of a compound synthesized
via C–C bond forming reactions under Suzuki, Sonogashira and Heck conditions. Some of the cyano pyridines synthesized showed PDE4B inhibitory properties
in vitro and good interactions with PDE4B protein
in silico suggesting cyano pyridine scaffold as a potential template for the discovery of novel PDE4 inhibitors.
Functionalized cyano pyridines synthesized
via montmorillonite K-10 mediated multi-component reaction have been identified as a new class of PDE4 inhibitors.
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► A green synthesis of functionalized cyano pyridines has been achieved. ► Montmorillonite K-10 was found to be a reusable catalyst for this purpose. ► These compounds showed PDE4 inhibitory properties
in vitro. ► Docking studies performed using some of the compounds are presented.
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