Traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants of the indigenous people is a valuable asset to the community and could potentially bring economic returns to them if it is utilized appropriately. ...While much of the existing researches have been focused on documenting the knowledge, not much however, has been made known on the ‘holistic’ practice of the knowledge at the community level particularly in the Malaysian context. This is an important aspect as documenting the knowledge alone would not bring any meaning if the knowledge itself is not sustainably practiced by the communities who hold the knowledge. However, it is not an easy task to understand the management aspect of the knowledge especially if the researcher comes from a ‘different world view’ that the indigenous people themselves. This study is an attempt to combine two methodologies namely ethnographic approach as data gathering method and the principles of grounded theory approach as data analysis in understanding how the traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants is being protected by the indigenous people. Using the Orang Asli Batek in Kuala Koh, Gua Musang, Kelantan as a case study, this research involved multiple prolonged stays with the community (2013-2016) and employed ethnographic techniques of individual and group interviews, observation and participant observation as well as document analysis to gather the data. The collected data was analysed using the principles of grounded theory where all responses that were recorded in verbatim was organised and analysed in stages of coding such as ‘initial coding’, ‘selective coding’ and ‘theme’ which upon further analysis, had enabled the description of the characteristics of the traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants of the Bateks. The result of this study found that the combination of the two methodologies are indeed useful and in fact are complementary with each other in understanding the characteristics of the traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants of the Bateks of Kuala Koh as part of the indigenous community in the country. In particular, employing the two methods has enabled the study to identify the characteristics (forms) of the TK that can be found in an indigenous community such as the Bateks of Kuala Koh. This research has provided a greater understanding on the existing state of protecting the TK being practiced by the Bateks. The study also provides useful contribution to the body of knowledge as the methodological approach used could be employed by future researches in understanding similar approach in understanding similar phenomena.
Traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants of the indigenous people are indeed a useful asset for the community. The knowledge that had been traditionally inherited from their ancestors is an ...integral part of their survival as they live symbiotically with the forests. While many researches and literatures are focusing on documenting and recording these knowledge, not much has been researched in understanding the holistic process of the knowledge management particularly at the indigenous community level. This paper provides an attempt to reveal empirical findings about the management and use of medicinal plants in ailment healing rituals. In order to enable a holistic view of the management of knowledge at the study site, the main question asked was what happened during the four processes of knowledge management namely knowledge generation, knowledge codification, knowledge utilization and knowledge transfer. Using the Batek community of Kuala Koh, Gua Musang, in the state of Kelantan as a case study, ethnographic methods of individual and group interviews, observations and participants observations as well as document analysis, were employed to gather the data from the study site and the grounded theory approach was used for data analysis to enable the emergence of the themes to understand the phenomena at the study site. The study, conducted from 2014-2016, involved prolonged stays with the community. The findings revealed that there was an ‘undocumented means of knowledge generation with potential loss of traditional knowledge’, while there was a non-codified knowledge being practiced in the community and widespread inability of basic reading and writing skills among younger generation. In addition, there was a high level of traditional knowledge utilisation in the community but some procedures such as ritual practices have been simplified while there was a complete absence of documentation of traditional knowledge by members of the community that might weaken knowledge transfer.
Kajian ini adalah berdasarkan analisis mangan kes jenayah pecah ramah di negeri Selangor, Kuala Lumpur dan Putrajaya pada tahun 2015-2020. Kajian ini juga menggunakan statistik mangan GIS bagi ...mengesan ti tik panas bagi kawasan yang kerap berlakunya j enayah pecah ramah di sekitar kawasan kajian berdasarkan masa iaitu pada waktu siang dan pada waktu malam. Berdasarkan laporan kes pecah ramah dari tahun 2015-2020, Getis Ord Gi· digunakan untuk untuk mengenalpasti kawasan yang berisiko tinggi berlakunya jenayah pecah ramah berdasarkan Z-Skor dan Nilai-P. Análisis ini juga menunjukkan kawasan hot spot adalah lebih kurang sama pada waktu siang dan maiam. Namun, jumlah kés adalah berbeza kerana faktorfaktor yang berkemungkinan menyebabkan berlakunya ramah dipecah masuk. Proses pemetaan menggunakan perisian ArcGIS digunakan bagi membandingkan kawasan hot spot kejadían jenayah pecah ramah yang térj adi pada waktu siang dan malam. Implikasi kajian ini dapat membantu pihak Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) supaya membuat pemantauan dan rondaan yang kerap bagi membanteras jenayah pecah ramah daripada teras berleluasa dan membahayakan penduduk setempat. Maklumat ini benar-benar akan membantu pihak PDRM untuk memutuskan ke mana untuk mengarahkan usaha mereka dan cara menggunakan sumber mereka dengan lebih cekap, kerana jenayah pecah ramah tertumpu di kawasan peramahan, industri dan komersial tidak kira di kawasan berkepadatan tinggi, bandar atau luar bandar. la juga menunjukkan bahawa kawasan hot spot bagi jenayah pecah ramah lebih tertumpu kepada tempāt atau kawasan yang berada di bandar dan jauh dari pesisir pantai. Daripada kajian ini juga, maklumat berkaitan jenayah pecah ramah di Selangor, Putrajaya dan Kuala Lumpur dapat dikongsi bersama pihak PDRM, pihak berkuasa tempatan (PBT), pembuat dasar dan komuniti setempat di kawasan kajian. Keselurahannya, kajian ini dapat membantu pihak berkuasa seperti (PDRM) dalam mencegah dan mengurangkan indeks jenayah pecah ramah dibawah Seksyen 457 Kanun Keseksaan (Akta 574) dengan menggunakan aplikasi GIS.
Originality/value: This study explores the attractions found in Kampung Bantang as a tourism site by incorporating not only its natural settings, but also taking into account its historical ...development.
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