The effect of a low-ME diet with a multienzyme (Kemzyme Plus, Kemin, Des Moines, IA) blend on performance, meat quality, and carcass traits was evaluated in Hubbard broiler chicks. A total of 120 ...Hubbard broiler chicks were allocated to the following 4 experimental groups and every group was separated into 6 replicates, with 5 birds per replicate: control (3,180 kcal/kg of ME), control + 0.50 g/kg diet of enzyme (Cont-Enz), low-ME diet (3,080 kcal/kg), and low-ME + 0.50 g/kg diet of enzyme (low-ME-Enz). The trail lasted for 16 D (32 to 48 D of age). No significant differences in growth parameters or carcass traits were observed among treatments. However, liver weight increased with the low-ME-Enz diet (P = 0.038). The low-ME diet recorded the highest weight for the bursa (P = 0.043) and thymus (P = 0.019). Dietary treatments had significant impacts on the length of duodenum, ileum, and cecum, as well as the weight of duodenum. The length of duodenum, ileum, and cecum increased with enzyme supplementation. The myofibril fragmentation index was lower with the Cont-Enz, low-ME, and low-ME-Enz diets than with the control diet (P = 0.043). The shear force increased with the low-ME-Enz diet (P = 0.022) than the control diet. Dietary treatments influenced breast meat yellowness (P = 0.019), whereas the low-ME diet had the lowest yellowness at the slaughtering age. The dietary treatments affected the breast meat pH (P = 0.001), with the control diet having the highest pH value after 24 hours. Thus, there was no effect of low-ME or enzyme supplementation to the control or low-ME diet on growth performance or carcass yield. However, feeding a low-ME diet or Cont-Enz preparation influenced organ and small intestine weights and meat characteristics.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of using breeder parents (434-days-old) and broiler chickens (37 D of age) from Ross 308 on meat quality parameters and carcass characteristics; sex and ...muscle type were also estimated. Carcass assessment involved hot carcass weight, carcass yield, and cuts (breast, legs, wings, back, and shoulder). A total of 120 birds were divided into 2 groups (60 birds from each stock), each stock contain equal number of sexes (30 males and 30 females), and further divided into 6 replicates, so that there were 5 birds in each replicate. The birds were fed ad libitum. A sample of 30 birds (male, n = 15 and female, n = 15) from each group was slaughtered for assessing carcass and physical characteristics. Sensory analysis was carried out on each group after boiling or roasting the bird. Live weight, carcass weight and yield, breast weight, legs, wings, and back weights and yield were higher (P < 0.001) for breeder parents when compared to broilers, with the exception of breast percentage. Moreover, better carcass characteristics were observed in males than in females. Parent stock had better water-holding capacity and myofibrillar fragmentation whereas broilers had more tender meat than breeders. Moreover, cooking loss and other sensory characters were not significant between the two groups; however, females had more tender pectoral muscles and more myofibrillar fragmentation than males. We concluded that parent breeders had better carcass characteristics than broiler chickens. The broiler chickens of Ross 308 and female birds had better meat quality than parent breeders.
The emergence of a new era reaching beyond current state-of-the-art ultrashort and ultraintense laser technology has been enabled by the approval of around € 850 million worth of structural funds in ...2011–2012 by the European Commission for the installation of Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI). The ELI project consists of three pillars being built in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania. This challenging proposal is based on recent technical progress allowing ultraintense laser fields in which intensities will soon be reaching as high as I0 ∼ 1023 W cm−2. This tremendous technological advance has been brought about by the invention of chirped pulse amplification by Mourou and Strickland. Romania is hosting the ELI for Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) pillar in Măgurele near Bucharest. The new facility, currently under construction, is intended to serve the broad national, European, and international scientific community. Its mission covers scientific research at the frontier of knowledge involving two domains. The first is laser-driven experiments related to NP, strong-field quantum electrodynamics, and associated vacuum effects. The second research domain is based on the establishment of a Compton-backscattering-based, high-brilliance, and intense γ beam with Eγ ≲ 19.5 MeV, which represents a merger between laser and accelerator technology. This system will allow the investigation of the nuclear structure of selected isotopes and nuclear reactions of relevance, for example, to astrophysics with hitherto unprecedented resolution and accuracy. In addition to fundamental themes, a large number of applications with significant societal impact will be developed. The implementation of the project started in January 2013 and is spearheaded by the ELI-NP/Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH). Experiments will begin in early 2020.
Fattening performance, Carcass characteristics, chemical composition, and meat quality were evaluated in three sheep breeds: Awassi, Harri, and Najdi. Forty-five lambs of similar weight and age were ...raised for 90 days under similar conditions. The Harri and Najdi breeds had higher dressing-out percentages than Awassi sheep. The Awassi and Harri breeds had thicker backfat than the Najdi breed. No significant difference was found in moisture, protein, and intramuscular fat among the breeds. However, the Harri breed had a higher ash content than the Awassi and Najdi breeds. The Najdi breed had higher ultimate pH and lower cooking loss than the Awassi and Harri breeds. Awassi and Harri sheep had a higher myofibril fragmentation index, longer sarcomere length, and lower hardness and chewiness than Najdi sheep. Subjectively, no significant differences were detected between the breeds, except for flavor intensity while the Awassi sheep were rated in between and not significantly different. In conclusion, breed affected carcass characteristics, meat composition, and the quality of sheep. The dressing yield was higher in Harri and Najdi than Awassi sheep. Awassi sheep showed superior meat quality characteristics followed by Harri sheep. However, Najdi sheep had the best cooking loss percentage and flavor intensity score.
Abstract
We report a dedicated setup built in-house for the annealing
of the HPGe clover detectors of the ELI-NP Array of DEtectors
(ELIADE) γ-ray spectrometer, as well as the post-annealing
testing ...of these detectors with the standard
60
Co &
152
Eu
radioactive calibration sources employing conventional analog
electronics. Both the design and assembly of the annealing setup
were performed at the Extreme Light Infrastructure — Nuclear
Physics (ELI-NP) facility, Măgurele, Romania. A `radiation
damage annealing assembly kit' (NRK-200 unit) from the detector
manufacturer Canberra is utilized in heating and controlling the
temperature of the Ge crystals of the annealed detector. The vacuum
inside the detector was maintained throughout the annealing process
by constantly pumping the system using a turbo-molecular pumping
station. The temperature of the germanium crystals, located inside a
vacuum sealed chamber, of the detector and the vacuum level of this
chamber were monitored throughout the annealing process, via both
in-person observation and remote (online) monitoring. The Graphic
User Interface (GUI) of an underlying LabVIEW script was utilized
for running the monitoring process of the temperature and vacuum
pressure values via a local network. To have the option of real-time
online monitoring of the temperature, vacuum pressure, we coupled
the web application Grafana with the Influx DB of the annealing
data, as well as the backup time information of an Uninterruptible
Power Supply (UPS) unit used in system.
Three-photon laser excitation of single rubidium atoms in an optical dipole trap (ODT) into the
37
P Rydberg state by laser radiation with wavelengths of 780, 1367, and 743 nm has been experimentally ...demonstrated. The excitation to Rydberg states is detected by an optical method using the losses of atoms in the ODT. The laser excitation spectra of single Rydberg atoms in the ODT are recorded, and the dependence of the excitation probability on the laser pulse duration is measured. The measured spectrum width was 2 MHz. Experiments on fluorescence quenching spectroscopy of a cloud of cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap during the three-photon laser excitation of atoms to Rydberg states are also carried out. The experimental results are compared with a numerical calculation. Methods for increasing the accuracy of the coherent three-photon laser excitation of Rydberg atoms in the ODT are considered.
Abstract
We present a liquid nitrogen (LN
2
) cooling station for
the high-purity germanium (HPGe) segmented clover detectors of the
ELI-NP Array of DEtectors
(ELIADE) spectrometer, including its ...associated filling control and
monitoring systems, all designed and built in-house at Extreme Light
Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Măgurele,
Romania. The automated LN
2
filling process is controlled by a
CompactRIO (cRIO) system from National Instruments through a custom
LabVIEW software used for monitoring both the internal germanium
crystal temperatures as well as the temperatures of external Pt100
sensors (used for detection of overflow of LN
2
from detectors
during a filling process). The detectors are filled with LN
2
by
opening their individual filling valves (which are mounted on the
cooling station) and the process is automatically stopped once an
overflow condition is fulfilled by the corresponding external Pt100
sensor located downstream. A twelve-hour cycle is used to
periodically fill all of the detector dewars and keep their
germanium crystals cool at all times. The associated Graphic User
Interface (GUI), Command Line Interface (CLI) and Text User
Interface (TUI) are used for both controlling and monitoring the
above mentioned process. Alert and warning email messages were also
enabled via the cRIO system so that users can be alerted in
real-time in the event of any cooling malfunction. In this way, any
issues related to the cyclic filling procedure, as well as any
abnormal observations regarding the germanium crystal temperatures
can be quickly and efficiently addressed before the detectors have a
chance to warm back up to room temperature. Temperature data of all
the Pt100 sensors corresponding to detectors as well as to the
solenoid valves are made available in an influx database by the cRIO
control system. The web application Grafana access the database and
plots them in real-time for online monitoring.
Context: Macroprolactinomas (MPRLs) may result in nonsurgical (spontaneous or dopamine agonist induced) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea; however, the incidence of and mechanisms underlying this ...phenomenon are poorly understood.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of nonsurgical rhinorrhea and identify biochemical, radiological, and histopathological factors associated with leakage.
Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective review of MPRL patients (n = 114) was compared with patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFA) (n = 181) seen over a 19-yr period (1985–2004).
Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of CSF rhinorrhea, factors predictive of leakage, and differential expression of candidate markers of invasiveness were measured.
Results: Nonsurgical CSF rhinorrhea occurred in 8.7% of MPRLs (10 of 114) 2.6% spontaneous (three of 114), 6.1% dopamine agonist induced (seven of 114), whereas no NFAs developed nonsurgical rhinorrhea. There was a clear male preponderance in MPRLs with nonsurgical rhinorrhea (males to females, 9:1, P = 0.008). Dopamine agonist resistance was more frequent in MPRLs with rhinorrhea than with MPRLs without rhinorrhea 30% (n = 10) vs. 5% (n = 104) P = 0.003. Baseline prolactin levels, rate of prolactin decline in response to dopamine agonists, and tumor volume at diagnosis did not predict CSF leakage. Candidate markers of invasiveness, specifically the protease-activated receptor 1 and e-cadherin expression scores and tumor macrophage density, were not significantly different between groups; MPRL+CSF rhinorrhea (n = 6), MPRL without CSF rhinorrhea (n = 9), and NFAs (n = 9).
Conclusions: The incidence of nonsurgical CSF rhinorrhea in MPRL patients (8.7%) is higher than expected. Dopamine agonist resistance is more common in MPRLs with CSF rhinorrhea; however, whether this is a mechanistic relationship requires further study. Protease-activated receptor 1 expression, e-cadherin expression, and macrophage infiltration rates do not distinguish tumors with from those without CSF rhinorrhea.
Khat is an evergreen plant and its fresh green leaves and buds are chewed for several hours a day for its psychostimulant response. This study aimed to review the effects of khat chewing on the body. ...PubMed was searched for literature on the different aspects of khat chewing to summarize its effects on different body systems. The major effects of khat chewing are those on the cardiovascular system including increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and increased risk of myocardial infarction. It causes insomnia, stress, depression, hallucination, and increased risk of brain stroke. It causes dental caries, bad oral hygiene, periodontitis, increased oral mucosal ulcers, and increased gingival bleeding and recession. Khat chewing causes loss of appetite, gastritis, constipation, and hemorrhoids, and increased risk of hepatotoxicity and liver cirrhosis. Ultimately, it causes weak micturition, decreased sperm motility and count, and low birth-weight offspring in khat chewing mothers. The published articles about khat chewing in journals indexed in the PubMed was reviewed. Inclusion criteria involved each article available with English language and have a reported new effect of khat chewing.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Saudi Arabian camels of four breeds (6 animals per breed) were used to evaluate characteristics and quality of their meat. Chemical composition, fibre cross sectional area, collagen content, muscle ...metabolism, cooking loss, pH at 24h post mortem, colour values (except redness) and shear force of Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle did not differ between the breeds. Elevated pH values and short sarcomeres reduced overall tenderisation, with a difference between myofibril fragmentation index (P<0.001) and sarcomere length (P<0.05) between breeds. A positive correlation was observed between the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes (r>0.49), between the glycolytic activities (PFK and LDH) (r=0.61) and between Myosin Heavy Chain IIa and LDH activity. The intramuscular fat content was positively associated with redness and muscle oxidative metabolism, whereas shear force had a slight positive association with collagen content and muscle glycolytic metabolism and a negative association with muscle oxidative metabolism and muscle fibre area.
•The chemistry and structure of camel Longissimus was similar among breeds.•There was a positive correlation between MyHC IIa proportion and LDH activity.•The camel LT muscles expressed Myosin Heavy Chain I and IIa isoforms only.•Muscle biochemistry explained only part of the variability in shear force value.•The sarcomeres were short, and pH values elevated contributing to toughness.
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