—This paper presents an overview of the best-known models that describe the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin. A formal criteria-based approach was designed to find the optimal mathematical and ...physical models of cooperative oxygen binding by hemoglobin. The main models of oxygenation, which are based on power and exponential dependencies, were compared using regression and cluster analyses of experimental data on oxyhemoglobin dissociation. Adair’s, Bernard’s, and Hill’s power-law models were shown to be superior to exponential models in describing the ligand binding by an oligomeric protein. The sequential four-stage Koshland–Némethy–Filmer model, which corresponds to the Adair equation, was found to most accurately describe the experimental data.
The ATLAS transition radiation tracker Boldyrev, A. S.; Bondarenko, V. G.; Bychkov, V. N. ...
Instruments and experimental techniques (New York),
05/2012, Letnik:
55, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The transition radiation tracker of the ATLAS setup, which is one of the two multipurpose detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its design, and the tasks it performs are described. The ...tracker is fully assembled and commissioned. The first physical results obtained by the tracker in the ATLAS cosmic muon runs are presented.
Experimental data on the role of immunomodulators in the mechanisms of neurological memory are presented and assessed from the point of view of functional systems theory. It is demonstrated that the ...immunomodulator interleukin-1 beta and the alpha-2-interferon fragment RITLY improve the processes of learning and reproduction of an active defensive habit. These substances were found to have effects on the productivity of behavior, on orientational-investigative reactions, and on vocalization in response to a conditioned signal. A positive correlation between intersignal activity and productivity is demonstrated as a reflection of the mechanisms of anticipatory reorganization of behavior during learning. However, interleukin has a selective action depending on the ethological conditions obtained during learning.
In this paper it is shown that a measurement of the relative luminosity changes at the LHC may be obtained by analysing the currents drawn from the high voltage power supplies of the electromagnetic ...section of the forward calorimeter of the ATLAS detector. The method was verified with a reproduction of a small section of the ATLAS forward calorimeter using proton beams of known beam energies and variable intensities at the U-70 accelerator at IHEP in Protvino, Russia. The experimental setup and the data taking during a test beam run in April 2008 are described in detail. A comparison of the measured high voltage currents with reference measurements from beam intensity monitors shows a linear dependence on the beam intensity. The non-linearities are measured to be less than 0.5 % combining statistical and systematic uncertainties.
The Phase-I trigger readout electronics upgrade of the ATLAS Liquid Argon calorimeters enhances the physics reach of the experiment during the upcoming operation at increasing Large Hadron Collider ...luminosities. The new system, installed during the second Large Hadron Collider Long Shutdown, increases the trigger readout granularity by up to a factor of ten as well as its precision and range. Consequently, the background rejection at trigger level is improved through enhanced filtering algorithms utilizing the additional information for topological discrimination of electromagnetic and hadronic shower shapes. This paper presents the final designs of the new electronic elements, their custom electronic devices, the procedures used to validate their proper functioning, and the performance achieved during the commissioning of this system.
Systemic analysis of neuroimmune mechanisms of memory Zhuravlev, B V; Murtazina, E P; Sulin, V Iu
Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova,
1997 Nov-Dec, Letnik:
83, Številka:
11-12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Administration of IL-1 beta and 125-129 fragment of alpha 2-interferon improved learning and retention of active avoidance behaviour in memory in rats. It also improved the correlation between ...intersignal runs and success of the avoidance behaviour learning. The data obtained suggest that an activation of the intersignal retention process is one of the mechanisms of the immunomodulators effect on learning and memory.
Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A531:481-514,2004 A full azimuthal phi-wedge of the ATLAS liquid argon end-cap calorimeter has
been exposed to beams of electrons, muons and pions in the energy range 6 GeV
<= E <= ...200 GeV at the CERN SPS. The angular region studied corresponds to the
ATLAS impact position around the pseudorapidity interval 1.6 < |eta| < 1.8. The
beam test set-up is described. A detailed study of the performance is given as
well as the related intercalibration constants obtained. Following the ATLAS
hadronic calibration proposal, a first study of the hadron calibration using a
weighting ansatz is presented. The results are compared to predictions from
Monte Carlo simulations, based on GEANT 3 and GEANT 4 models.
In lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical reaction between the electrodes and lithium is a critical process that controls the capacity, cyclability and reliability of the battery. Despite ...intensive study, the atomistic mechanism of the electrochemical reactions occurring in these solid-state electrodes remains unclear. Here, we show that in situ transmission electron microscopy can be used to study the dynamic lithiation process of single-crystal silicon with atomic resolution. We observe a sharp interface (~1 nm thick) between the crystalline silicon and an amorphous Li(x)Si alloy. The lithiation kinetics are controlled by the migration of the interface, which occurs through a ledge mechanism involving the lateral movement of ledges on the close-packed {111} atomic planes. Such ledge flow processes produce the amorphous Li(x)Si alloy through layer-by-layer peeling of the {111} atomic facets, resulting in the orientation-dependent mobility of the interfaces.
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•A novel multigeneration wind-solar energy system integrated with near-zero energy building is investigated.•The system consists of wind turbine, PTC collector, hot water storage ...tank, CAESS and absorption chiller.•All building loads along with the operating parameters of the cycle were calculated on an hourly basis for a year.•A dynamic model based on 4E analyses for evaluating the suggested system is developed.
This work focuses on a dynamic model of an innovative multigenerational solar-wind-based system from energetic, exergetic, economic, and environmental approaches. It is integrated to a near-zero energy building in St. Petersburg of Russia, with the purpose of covering the hourly cooling, heating, and electricity loads of the building. It consists of a wind turbine, a parabolic trough solar loop, an absorption chiller, and a compressed air energy storage system. A gas heater is also used to meet the total heating load of the system at off-peak hours of solar energy and becomes the main source of energy in some months. A comprehensive model is developed and the feasibility of the solar and wind energy is investigated dynamically on the proposed system. Results of the study show that the proposed solar system can cover up to 61 % of the yearly heating loads of the building, and the system. The required heat load of the system itself includes the heat demand of the absorption chiller, and the compressed air storage system. It is also noticeable that the presented energy storage system provides almost 99 % of the required electricity load beside the wind turbine and the rest of it needs the grid connection. In January, 13 % of the electricity demand is supplied from the grid and in the last three months, nearly 69 % of produced power of wind turbine is sold to the grid. This system leads to 13859 kg/year of CO2 emission reduction due to heating, cooling, and electricity. Moreover, the maximum monthly energy and exergy efficiencies are achieved in December with amounts of 41 % and 11 %, respectively. Finally, from the economic analysis, it is found that the positive amount of net present value is accessible after 12, 14, and 17 years, assuming interest rates of 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %, respectively.
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