Since 2002, seven iterations of the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) programme survey have asked arrested offenders about their stealing behaviours, including questions relating to stolen ...goods target selection and disposal. Throughout this same time period, stealing and domestic burglary rates in Australia have steadily declined. This paper examines the DUMA data with these high-level acquisitive crime trends in mind. Survey findings point to offenders having shifted away from stealing increasingly devalued electronic consumer goods for resale purposes, and toward stealing increasingly expensive food and clothing for personal consumption. This is consistent with what would be expected according to Consumer Price Index data, the opportunity-based CRAVED framework, and offender domain expertise. Applied and theoretical implications are discussed.
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. ...This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection.
This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation.
This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 95% CI 1·28–2·40, p<0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 1·65–3·22, p<0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 1·57–3·53, p<0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 1·01–2·39, p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 1·06–2·63, p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 1·01–2·31, p=0·047).
Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery.
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
This study reviews benefit- cost analyses of programs designed to reduce demand for illicit drugs. Data were synthesised from 67 benefit-cost analyses of prevention, law enforcement and treatment ...programs. Eighty percent of the 70 separate benefit-cost ratios exceeded 1.0, indicating that savings outweighed costs among most programs reviewed. Benefit-cost ratios ranged from -18.20 to 63.32, varying substantially for different program types and populations. On average, demand reduction programs produced a return on investment of $5.40 for every dollar spent. These findings suggest demand reduction programs are generally economical.
Now that members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have voted to approve a sweeping, if not radical, proposal giving the five largest athletic conferences "autonomy" to establish ...new governance rules regarding a compensation pay package for the recruitment of athletes, some important public policy concerns need to be addressed. In this time of scarce resources for many institutions, the proposal presents a real threat to the ability to provide educational opportunities not only for student-athletes, but for other students as well. Funds and support that should be directed to the academic success of students may, under this approval, be directed to athletes well beyond the necessary support of full tuition and fees and the cost of attendance. This wealth transfer may lead to an increase in the cost of attendance for all students as institutional funds are redirected to support monetary awards for athletes. Further, the NCAA plan is arguably a serious antitrust violation issue. The larger conferences have the financial ability to financially overpower schools with less sports revenues. Simply put, the large sports revenue-driven institutions will have a monopoly-like power and ability to dominate the recruitment market, resulting in a suppression of competition. In short, the more the nonacademic-based compensation is awarded to the athlete, the more it removes the NCAA's defense of "amateurism" and the important principle of the student athlete. As college sports are transformed completely by the new NCAA "autonomy" rules, by further commercialization and professionalization, and by unintended consequences not yet known, the amateur college athlete and the nonrevenue sports teams may well end up on the losing side of the field of competition.
The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has become popular in Australia, particularly among young people. AmED research suggests there are associations between AmED consumption and ...harmful behaviours, including criminal offences. This study investigated the behaviours of a group of AmED consumers known to engage in high-risk activities—police detainees. It found most detainees had recently consumed energy drinks, but consumption of AmED was less common than in community samples. The study also compared the behaviours of AmED consumers with alcohol consumers, and analysed how AmED consumers behaved in AmED sessions versus alcohol sessions. It found AmED consumers reported drinking more alcohol in a usual alcohol session than in a usual AmED session. AmED consumers were also significantly less likely to report being assaulted or committing a traffic offence in an AmED session, compared with an alcohol only session.
Background
The relationship between swallowing outcomes and radiotherapy dose to dysphagia and aspiration‐related structures (DARS) may be different following definitive versus postoperative ...radiotherapy (PORT) for mucosal head and neck cancer (HNC) and has not been well‐studied.
Method
Patient‐ and clinician‐reported swallowing measures were prospectively collected at six time points from baseline to 24 months postradiotherapy HNC. Radiotherapy plans were retrospectively analyzed to assess dose delivered to DARS. The association between swallowing outcomes and participant demographics, tumor characteristics, and radiotherapy dose in definitive and postoperative treatment cohorts was assessed.
Results
Ninety‐three participants who received radiotherapy for HNC were included in the analysis (n = 49 definitive radiotherapy for laryngeal/pharyngeal primary tumors and n = 44 postoperative PORT for predominantly oral cavity/salivary gland tumors). Participants undergoing PORT had lower doses to DARS than those undergoing definitive RT. High dose to the pharyngeal constrictors and base of tongue for definitive RT and the esophageal inlet, supraglottic larynx and cervical esophagus for the PORT group were associated with worse swallowing function.
Conclusion
Radiation dose to DARS is associated with post‐treatment swallowing outcomes. These dose/outcome relationships may vary between the definitive and postoperative settings.
Abstract Background Few population-based data are available indicating the breast cancer risk following detection of atypia within a breast screening program. Methods Prospectively collected data ...from the South Australian screening program were linked with the state cancer registry. Absolute and relative breast cancer risk estimates were calculated for ADH and ALH separately, and by age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis. Post-hoc analysis was undertaken of the effect of family history on breast cancer risk. Results Women with ADH and ALH had an increase in relative risk for malignancy (ADH HR 2.81 95% CI 1.72, 4.59 and (ALH HR 4.14 95% CI 1.97, 8.69, respectively. Differences in risk profile according to time since diagnosis and age at diagnosis were not statistically significant. Conclusion Estimates of the relative risk of breast cancer are necessary to inform decisions regarding clinical management and/or treatment of women with ADH and ALH.
Research study on the patterns of prescription drug use among a sample of police detainees recruited for the 2016 Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program - 40% of police detainees engaged in ...non-medical use of prescription drugs - relationship between crime and prescription drug use gives a greater understanding of the impact these drugs have on the community.
This study assessed the responsiveness and convergent validity of two preference-based measures; the newly developed cancer-specific EORTC Quality of Life Utility Measure-Core 10 dimensions ...(QLU-C10D) relative to the generic three-level version of the EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D-3L) in evaluating short-term health related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes after esophagectomy. Data from 164 respondents (mean age: 63 years, 81% male) were analysed. HRQoL significantly reduced on both measures with large effect sizes (> 0.80), and a greater mean difference (0.29 compared to 0.16) on QLU-C10D. Both measures had ceiling effects (> 15%) on all dimensions at baseline. Following esophagectomy, ceiling effects were observed with self-care (86%), mobility (67%), anxiety/depression (55%) and pain/discomfort (19%) dimensions on EQ-5D-3L. For QLU-C10D ceiling effects were observed with emotional function (53%), physical function (16%), nausea (35%), sleep (31%), bowel problems (21%) and pain (20%). A strong correlation (r = 0.71) was observed between EQ-5D-3L anxiety and QLU-C10D emotional function dimensions. Good agreement (3.7% observations outside the limits of agreement) was observed between the utility scores. The QLU-C10D is comparable to the more widely applied generic EQ-5D-3L, however, QLU-C10D was more sensitive to short-term utility changes following esophagectomy. Cognisant of requirements by policy makers to apply generic utility measures in cost effectiveness studies, the disease-specific QLU-C10D should be used alongside the generic measures like EQ-5D-3L.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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