Forecasting of multivariate time series data, for instance the prediction of electricity consumption, solar power production, and polyphonic piano pieces, has numerous valuable applications. However, ...complex and non-linear interdependencies between time steps and series complicate this task. To obtain accurate prediction, it is crucial to model long-term dependency in time series data, which can be achieved by recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with an attention mechanism. The typical attention mechanism reviews the information at each previous time step and selects relevant information to help generate the outputs; however, it fails to capture temporal patterns across multiple time steps. In this paper, we propose using a set of filters to extract time-invariant temporal patterns, similar to transforming time series data into its “frequency domain”. Then we propose a novel attention mechanism to select relevant time series, and use its frequency domain information for multivariate forecasting. We apply the proposed model on several real-world tasks and achieve state-of-the-art performance in almost all of cases. Our source code is available at
https://github.com/gantheory/TPA-LSTM
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With the development and popularization of blockchain technology, non-fungible token (NFT) platforms, serving as innovative tools for digital asset trading and ownership verification, are gradually ...receiving widespread attention and research from artists, collectors, and investors. To facilitate the sustained development of non-fungible token (NFT) platforms and enhance user stickiness, it is imperative to study the factors that affect users' continuous usage intentions. Despite research on information system success and user continuance intention, there remains a lack of study in the NFT domain, especially when considering factors such as economic benefits, perceived trust, and technological stress. This research aims to explore the key factors affecting the continued use intention of users on NFT trading platforms, specifically focusing on the roles of economic benefits, perceived trust, and technological stress. The study's results aim to provide targeted suggestions for the optimization of NFT trading platforms. Therefore, this research is grounded in the Expectation Confirmation Model and the Information Systems Success Model, and extends these approaches by introducing four elements-economic benefits, perceived trustworthiness, Individual and Organizational Impact and technological pressure-thereby constructing the research model. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze data from 304 respondents with experience in using NFT trading platforms. The findings indicate that: 1) technological pressure is positively correlated with perceived ease of use; 2) both service quality and information quality are positively correlated with perceived ease of use and usefulness; 3) perceived ease of use, usefulness, economic benefits, and their impact on individuals and organizations are all positively correlated with continuous usage intention; and 4) system quality is not significantly related to perceived ease of use or usefulness, nor is perceived trustworthiness significantly related to continuous usage intention. Based on these findings, we provide practical recommendations for optimizing NFT platforms and offer guidance for platform developers and operators.
We developed a novel systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) based on lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts and explored its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
The SII was ...developed based on a retrospective study of 133 patients with HCC undergoing resection between 2005 and 2006, and validated in a prospective study of 123 patients enrolled from 2010 to 2011. The circulating tumor cell (CTC) level in the validation cohort was measured using the CellSearch system. Prediction accuracy was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
An optimal cutoff point for the SII of 330 × 10(9) stratified the patients with HCC into high (≥330) and low SII (<330) groups in the training cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the SII was an independent predictor for overall survival and relapse-free survival, and prognostic for patients with negative α-fetoprotein and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0+A. The AUCs of the SII for survival and recurrence were higher than other conventional clinical indices. An SII ≥ 330 was significantly associated with vascular invasion, large tumors, and early recurrence. CTC levels were significantly higher in the SII ≥ 330 group (1.71 ± 0.34 vs. 4.37 ± 1.04, P = 0.029). In patients with detectable CTCs, those with SII ≥ 330 had higher recurrence rates and shorter survival time than patients with SII < 330.
The SII was a powerful prognostic indicator of poor outcome in patients with HCC and is a promising tool for HCC treatment strategy decisions. The dismal outcome in patients with high SII scores might be related to higher CTC levels.
Abstract
Little is known about the transcriptomic plasticity and adaptive mechanisms of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) during hematogeneous dissemination. Here we interrogate the transcriptome of 113 ...single CTCs from 4 different vascular sites, including hepatic vein (HV), peripheral artery (PA), peripheral vein (PV) and portal vein (PoV) using single-cell full-length RNA sequencing in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We reveal that the transcriptional dynamics of CTCs were associated with stress response, cell cycle and immune-evasion signaling during hematogeneous transportation. Besides, we identify chemokine CCL5 as an important mediator for CTC immune evasion. Mechanistically, overexpression of CCL5 in CTCs is transcriptionally regulated by p38-MAX signaling, which recruites regulatory T cells (Tregs) to facilitate immune escape and metastatic seeding of CTCs. Collectively, our results reveal a previously unappreciated spatial heterogeneity and an immune-escape mechanism of CTC, which may aid in designing new anti-metastasis therapeutic strategies in HCC.
This paper studies the anti-cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation which describes the nonlinear dynamics of pulse propagation in optical metamaterials. Three different types of optical soliton ...solutions are obtained through the complete polynomial discriminant system method, and their topological stability is analyzed. Under specific parameters, we give three-dimensional diagrams of solutions to prove the existence of solutions.
•This paper studies the anti-cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation.•Three different types of optical soliton solutions are obtained.•We analyzed their topological stability in different situations.
The propagation of optical solitons in optical fibers with the generalized Kudryashov’s refractive index is described by a high order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The main feature is that the ...amplitude and width of the pulse can be changed with arbitrary power. By trial equation method, a series of propagation patterns of optical waves are obtained. In addition, the graphs of two-dimensional and three-dimensional solutions are illustrated, and then the existence of all those patterns of optical waves is proved.
•A series of propagation patterns of optical waves are obtained.•Three kinds of optical wave patterns are obtained by trial equation method.•The graphs of two-dimensional and three-dimensional solutions are illustrated.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule–positive (EpCAM+) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells may constitute a tumor‐initiating subpopulation in tumorigenic cell lines and HCC specimens. In the present ...study, EpCAM+ circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were identified prospectively in HCC patients undergoing curative resection, and the prognostic significance and their stem cell–like characteristics were investigated further. Blood samples from 123 HCC patients were tested prior to resection and 1 month thereafter. CTCs were present in 66.67% of patients, and the cell count measured in 7.5 mL of blood (CTC7.5) ranged between 1 and 34. Fifty‐one patients had CTC7.5 of ≥2 preoperatively, and these patients developed tumor recurrence earlier than those with CTC7.5 of <2 CTCs (P < 0.001). A preoperative CTC7.5 of ≥2 was an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence (P < 0.001). Its prognostic significance also applied to patients with alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels of ≤400 ng/mL or subgroups with low recurrence risk (all P < 0.05). A significant decrease of CTC‐positive rates (66.67% to 28.15%, P < 0.05) and CTC7.5 values (2.60 ± 0.43 to 1.00 ± 0.36, P < 0.05) was observed 1 month after resection. Patients with consistent CTC7.5 <2 had lower recurrence rates than those with values consistently ≥2 (15.5% versus 87.50%, P < 0.001). EpCAM+ CTCs displayed cancer stem cell biomarkers (CD133 and ABCG2), epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, Wnt pathway activation, high tumorigenic potential, and low apoptotic propensity. Conclusion: Stem cell–like phenotypes are observed in EpCAM+ CTCs, and a preoperative CTC7.5 of ≥2 is a novel predictor for tumor recurrence in HCC patients after surgery, especially in patient subgroups with AFP levels of ≤400 ng/mL or low tumor recurrence risk. EpCAM+ CTCs may serve as a real‐time parameter for monitoring treatment response and a therapeutic target in HCC recurrence. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. Despite increasing knowledge on the function of lncRNAs, little is known about their effects on crop yield. ...Here, we identify a lncRNA transcribed from the antisense strand of neighbouring gene LRK (leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase) cluster named LAIR (LRK Antisense Intergenic RNA). LAIR overexpression increases rice grain yield and upregulates the expression of several LRK genes. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results indicate H3K4me3 and H4K16ac are significantly enriched at the activated LRK1 genomic region. LAIR binds histone modification proteins OsMOF and OsWDR5 in rice cells, which are enriched in LRK1 gene region. Moreover, LAIR is demonstrated to bind 5' and 3' untranslated regions of LRK1 gene. Overall, this study reveals the role of lncRNA LAIR in regulating rice grain yield and lncRNAs may be useful targets for crop breeding.
Background & Aims
Liver transplantation (LTx) is one of the most effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, tumour recurrence after LTx often leads to poor outcomes. This study ...investigated the value of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) as a predictor of recurrence following LTx in patients with HCC.
Methods
This analysis included 193 patients with HCC who underwent LTx at our institute and accepted pre‐ and post‐operative CTC detection; 38 were selected for serial CTC monitoring. The predictive value of CTCs for tumour recurrence in patients with HCC following LTx was evaluated. Single‐cell whole genome sequencing was used to characterize CTCs.
Results
Overall, the CTC burden decreased after LTx (P < .05). Post‐operative CTC count ≥ 1 per 5 mL peripheral blood was identified as a potential biomarker for predicting tumour recurrence after LTx, especially in patients with no detectable CTCs prior to LTx and negative tumour serological biomarkers. The predictive value of post‐operative CTC count ≥ 1 per 5 mL blood was retained in patients who did not meet the Milan criteria, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, or Fudan criteria (all P < .05). Furthermore, post‐operative serial CTC detection may be useful in post‐surgical surveillance for HCC recurrence.
Conclusions
CTCs may be a useful biomarker to evaluate recurrence risk following LTx in patients with HCC. Evaluation based on CTC detection may enhance the post‐transplant management of HCC, and improve the therapeutic efficacy of LTx.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide because of rapid progression and high incidence of metastasis or recurrence. Accumulating evidence shows that ...CD73-expressing tumor cell is implicated in development of several types of cancer. However, the role of CD73 in HCC cell has not been systematically investigated and its underlying mechanism remains elusive.
CD73 expression in HCC cell was determined by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining. Clinical significance of CD73 was evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were used for proliferation evaluation. Transwell assays were used for motility evaluations. Co-immunoprecipitation, cytosolic and plasma membrane fractionation separation, and ELISA were applied for evaluating membrane localization of P110β and its catalytic activity. NOD/SCID/γc(null) (NOG) mice model was used to investigate the in vivo functions of CD73.
In the present study, we demonstrate that CD73 was crucial for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), progression and metastasis in HCC. CD73 expression is increased in HCC cells and correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics. Clinically, CD73 is identified as an independent poor prognostic indicator for both time to recurrence and overall survival. CD73 knockdown dramatically inhibits HCC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in vitro and hinders tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Opposite results could be observed when CD73 is overexpressed. Mechanistically, adenosine produced by CD73 binds to adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and activates Rap1, which recruits P110β to the plasma membrane and triggers PIP3 production, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation in HCC cells. Notably, a combination of anti-CD73 and anti-A2AR achieves synergistic depression effects on HCC growth and metastasis than single agent alone.
CD73 promotes progression and metastasis through activating PI3K/AKT signaling, indicating a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC. Our data demonstrate the importance of CD73 in HCC in addition to its immunosuppressive functions and revealed that co-targeting CD73 and A2AR strategy may be a promising novel therapeutic strategy for future HCC management.
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