Abstract
Doping is a well-known strategy to enhance the electrochemical energy storage performance of layered cathode materials. Many studies on various dopants have been reported; however, a general ...relationship between the dopants and their effect on the stability of the positive electrode upon prolonged cell cycling has yet to be established. Here, we explore the impact of the oxidation states of various dopants (i.e., Mg
2+
, Al
3+
, Ti
4+
, Ta
5+
, and Mo
6+
) on the electrochemical, morphological, and structural properties of a Ni-rich cathode material (i.e., LiNi
0.91
Co
0.09
O
2
). Galvanostatic cycling measurements in pouch-type Li-ion full cells show that cathodes featuring dopants with high oxidation states significantly outperform their undoped counterparts and the dopants with low oxidation states. In particular, Li-ion pouch cells with Ta
5+
- and Mo
6+
-doped LiNi
0.91
Co
0.09
O
2
cathodes retain about 81.5% of their initial specific capacity after 3000 cycles at 200 mA g
−1
. Furthermore, physicochemical measurements and analyses suggest substantial differences in the grain geometries and crystal lattice structures of the various cathode materials, which contribute to their widely different battery performances and correlate with the oxidation states of their dopants.
In the tumor microenvironment, chemokine system has a critical role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The acquisition of stem-like properties by cancer cells is involved in metastasis and drug ...resistance, which are pivotal problems that result in poor outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Patients with advanced lung cancer present high plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), which correlate with poor prognostic features. Therefore, TGFβ1 may be important in the tumor microenvironment, where chemokines are widely expressed. However, the role of chemokines in TGFβ1-induced tumor progression still remains unclear. In our study, TGFβ1 upregulated CXC chemokine receptor expression, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) formation in lung adenocarcinoma. We found that CXCR7 was the most upregulated chemokine receptor induced by TGFβ1. CXCR7 knockdown resulted in reduction of migration, invasion and EMT induced by TGFβ1, whereas CXCR4 knockdown did not reverse TGFβ1-promoted EMT. CXCR7 silencing significantly decreased cancer sphere-forming capacity, stem-like properties, chemoresistance and TGFβ1-induced CSC tumor initiation in vivo. In clinical samples, high TGFβ1 and CXCR7 expression was significantly associated with the late stages of lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, TGFβ1 and CXCR7 coexpression was positively correlated with the CSC marker, CD44, which is associated with lymph node metastasis. Besides, patients with high expression of both CXCR7 and TGFβ1 presented a significantly worse survival rate. These results suggest that the TGFβ1-CXCR7 axis may be a prognostic marker and may provide novel targets for combinational therapies to be used in the treatment of advanced lung cancer in the future.
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of noncoding RNA whose functions remain mostly unknown. Recent studies indicate circRNA may be involved in disease pathogenesis, but direct evidence is scarce. Here, ...we characterize the functional role of a novel circRNA, circCCDC66, in colorectal cancer. RNA-Seq data from matched normal and tumor colon tissue samples identified numerous circRNAs specifically elevated in cancer cells, several of which were verified by quantitative RT-PCR. CircCCDC66 expression was elevated in polyps and colon cancer and was associated with poor prognosis. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in colorectal cancer cell lines demonstrated that circCCDC66 controlled multiple pathological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth. In-depth characterization revealed that circCCDC66 exerts its function via regulation of a subset of oncogenes, and knockdown of circCCDC66 inhibited tumor growth and cancer invasion in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models, respectively. Taken together, these findings highlight a novel oncogenic function of circRNA in cancer progression and metastasis.
.
This study aimed to systematically review evidence of the prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among ‘left‐behind children’ in rural China. The electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and ...Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure/Wanfang (Chinese) were utilized to search for terms including ‘depression’ or ‘depressive disorder’, ‘anxiety’ or ‘mental health’, combined with ‘left behind’, ‘children’ and ‘China’. High rates of psychological depression/anxiety have been reported among left‐behind children compared with their age‐matched peers. Prevalence rates of depression are reported to range from 12.1 to 51.4% and of anxiety are reported to range from 13.2 to 57.6%. Variability between studies is likely attributable to methodological variations relating to measures used and research setting. Potential predictors measured in studies include age and gender, types of being left, age/years of separation, socio‐economic status, etc. These high rates of reported psychological problems among this group of young people suggest the need to develop more effective approaches to prevention and management.
The continuing spread of African swine fever (ASF) outside Africa in Europe, the Russian Federation, China and most recently to Mongolia and Vietnam, has heightened awareness of the threat posed by ...this devastating disease to the global pig industry and food security. In this review we summarise what we know about the African swine fever virus (ASFV), the disease it causes, how it spreads and the current global situation. We discuss current control methods in domestic and wild pigs and prospects for development of vaccines and other tools for control.
•We describe the history of the spread of African swine fever virus in domestic and wild swine.•The mechanisms by which the virus spreads in different epidemiological scenarios.•The pathogenesis of different virus isolates.•Current methods used to control ASF and progress towards development of vaccines and other control strategies.•Future research priorities.
Summary
Clonostachys rosea is a promising saprophytic filamentous fungus that belongs to phylum Ascomycota. Clonostachys rosea is widespread around the world and exists in many kinds of habitats, ...with the highest frequency in soil. As an excellent mycoparasite, C. rosea exhibits strong biological control ability against numerous fungal plant pathogens, nematodes and insects. These behaviours are based on the activation of multiple mechanisms such as secreted cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes, production of antifungal secondary metabolites and induction of plant defence systems. Besides having significant biocontrol activity, C. rosea also functions in the biodegradation of plastic waste, biotransformation of bioactive compounds, as a bioenergy sources and in fermentation. This mini review summarizes information about the biology and various applications of C. rosea and expands on its possible uses.
Alkylanilines are a group of chemicals whose ubiquitous presence in the environment is a result of the multitude of sources from which they originate. Exposure assessments indicate that most ...individuals experience lifelong exposure to these compounds. Many alkylanilines have biological activity similar to that of the carcinogenic multi-ring aromatic amines. This review provides an overview of human exposure and biological effects. It also describes recent investigations into the biochemical mechanisms of action that lead to the assessment that they are most probably more complex than those of the more extensively investigated multi-ring aromatic amines. Not only is nitrenium ion chemistry implicated in DNA damage by alkylanilines but also reactions involving quinone imines and perhaps reactive oxygen species. Recent results described here indicate that alkylanilines can be potent genotoxins for cultured mammalian cells when activated by exogenous or endogenous phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. The nature of specific DNA damage products responsible for mutagenicity remains to be identified but evidence to date supports mechanisms of activation through obligatory N-hydroxylation as well as subsequent conjugation by sulfation and/or acetylation. A fuller understanding of the mechanisms of alkylaniline genotoxicity is expected to provide important insights into the environmental and genetic origins of one or more human cancers and may reveal a substantial role for this group of compounds as potential human chemical carcinogens.
In response to Industry 4.0 and the rise of intelligent manufacturing, this study develops a system combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Networks and a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm to ...improve prediction and optimization in manufacturing scheduling. A novel model predicts work-in-process (WIP) inventory using LSTM neural networks, accommodating dynamic changes in production. A manufacturing scheduling model is also created and solved using a multi-objective genetic algorithm, simplifying the resolution process and obtaining practical solutions. These methods provide a valuable approach to optimizing production scheduling in intelligent manufacturing, enhancing efficiency and economic gains.
Airway epithelial cells are the first cells to be challenged upon contact with the conidia of
Aspergillus
. In response, they express pattern-recognition receptors that play fundamental roles as ...sentinels and mediators of pulmonary innate immunity. The C-type lectin Dectin-1 is expressed predominantly on the surface of myeloid lineage cells. We examined the induction, regulation, and functions of Dectin-1 in pulmonary epithelial cells by challenging human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells with
A. fumigatus
. Inflammatory, antimicrobial peptide genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified, with and without knockdown of Dectin-1. We found that
A. fumigatus
induced the expression of Dectin-1 mRNA and protein in HBE cells in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-dependent manner. In addition,
A. fumigatus
-mediated generation of ROS was dependent on the upregulation of Dectin-1. Moreover,
A. fumigatus
actively induced the expression of TNFα, GM-CSF, IL8, HBD2, and HBD9. Knockdown of Dectin-1 inhibited TNFα, IL8, HBD2, and HBD9 expression. Hence, Dectin-1 was required for the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. Finally, knockdown of TLR2 significantly inhibited Dectin-1 upregulation. Our results demonstrate the novel induction of Dectin-1 in human bronchial epithelial cells and its critical role in the innate immune response against
A. fumigatus
in non-phagocytic cells.
Double neutron star (DNS) merger events are promising candidates of short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) progenitors as well as high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) emitters. On August 17, 2017, such a ...coinciding event was detected by both the LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave detector network as GW170817 and Gamma-Ray Monitor on board NASA's Fermi Space Telescope as GRB 170817A. Here, we show that the fluence and spectral peak energy of this sGRB fall into the lower portion of the distributions of known sGRBs. Its peak isotropic luminosity is abnormally low. The estimated event rate density above this luminosity is at least Formula: see text Gpc
yr
, which is close to but still below the DNS merger event rate density. This event likely originates from a structured jet viewed from a large viewing angle. There are similar faint soft GRBs in the Fermi archival data, a small fraction of which might belong to this new population of nearby, low-luminosity sGRBs.
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