•N-doped carbon coated CoSnO3 composites nanocomposite was used as anode material in Li-ion battery for this first time.•A simple method was introduced to synthesize N-doped carbon coated CoSnO3 ...composites.•N-doped carbon coated CoSnO3 composites had been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal process.•N-doped carbon coated CoSnO3 nanocomposite demonstrated high capacity and good cycling performance.
N-doped carbon coated CoSnO3 composite (CoSnO3@N-C) is reported here as a high capacity anode material for lithium-ion battery for the first time. CoSnO3@N-C is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction of carboxylated chitosan and subsequent carbonization approach. The CoSnO3@N-C material exhibited enhanced lithium storage property and cyclic performance delivering a reversible capacity of 650mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at 100mAg−1, compared to bare CoSnO3.Morewhile, the CoSnO3@N-C electrode also showed remarkable rate performance.
•Carbon coated Mn–Sn complex metal oxide composite (MTO@C) was used as anode material in Li-ion battery for the first time.•Core-shell MTO@C composite had been successfully prepared via a simple ...glucose hydrothermal reaction and subsequent carbonization approach.•Compared with bare MnSnO3 and MTO samples, the MTO@C composite exhibited superior cyclic performance delivering a reversible capacity of 409mAhg−1 even after 200 cycles.
In this study, we synthesized a carbon coated Mn–Sn metal oxide composite with core-shell structure (MTO@C) via a simple glucose hydrothermal reaction and subsequent carbonization approach. When the MTO@C composite was applied as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, it maintained a reversible capacity of 409mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1. The uniformed and continuous carbon layer formed on the MTO nanoparticles, effectively buffered the volumetric change of the active material and increased electronic conductivity, which thus prolonged the cycling performance of the MTO@C electrode.
Background/Aims Retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), the heterodimeric partner for multiple nuclear receptors (NRs), was shown to be an essential target for inflammation-induced cJun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) ...signaling in vitro. This study aimed to explore the role of hepatic JNK signaling and its effects on nuclear RXRα levels downstream of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in vivo. Methods Effects of IL-1β on hepatic NR-dependent gene expression, nuclear RXRα levels, and roles for individual JNK isoforms were studied in wild-type, Jnk1−/− , and Jnk2−/− mice and in primary hepatocytes of each genotype. Results IL-1β administration showed a time-dependent reduction in expression of the hepatic NR-dependent genes Ntcp, Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, Abcg5, Mrp2, and Mrp3. IL-1β treatment for 1 h activated JNK and resulted in both post-translational modification and reduction of nuclear RXRα. In wild-type primary hepatocytes, IL-1β modified and reduced nuclear RXRα levels time dependently, which was prevented by chemical inhibition of JNK as well as by inhibition of proteasomal degradation. Individual absence of either JNK1 or JNK2 did not significantly influence the reduction or modification of hepatic nuclear RXRα by IL-1β both in vivo and in primary hepatocytes. Conclusions Functional redundancy exists for JNK1 and JNK2 in IL-1β-mediated alterations of hepatic nuclear RXRα levels, stressing the importance of this pathway in mediating the hepatic response to inflammation.
Partial hepatectomy leads to an orchestrated regenerative response, activating a cascade of cell signaling events necessary for cell cycle progression and proliferation of hepatocytes. However, the ...identity of the humoral factors that trigger the activation of these pathways in the concerted regenerative response in hepatocytes remains elusive. In recent years, extracellular ATP has emerged as a rapidly acting signaling molecule that influences a variety of liver functions, but its role in hepatocyte growth and regeneration is unknown. In this study, we sought to determine if purinergic signaling can lead to the activation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), a known central player in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. Hepatocyte treatment with ATPγS, a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, recapitulated early signaling events associated with liver regeneration—that is, rapid and transient activation of JNK signaling, induction of immediate early genes c‐fos and c‐jun, and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) DNA‐binding activity. The rank order of agonist preference, UTP>ATP>ATPγS, suggests that the effects of extracellular ATP is mediated through the activation of P2Y2 receptors in hepatocytes. ATPγS treatment alone and in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) substantially increased cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression and hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Extracellular ATP as low as 10 nM was sufficient to potentiate EGF‐induced cyclin D1 expression. Infusion of ATP by way of the portal vein directly activated hepatic JNK signaling, while infusion of a P2 purinergic receptor antagonist prior to partial hepatectomy inhibited JNK activation. In conclusion, extracellular ATP is a hepatic mitogen that can activate JNK signaling and hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and initiate JNK signaling in regenerating liver in vivo. These findings have implications for enhancing our understanding of novel factors involved in the initiation of regeneration, liver growth, and development. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39:393–402.)
A lithium-rich layered cathode material, Li1.2Ni0.18Mn0.59Co0.03O2, was synthesized from size-regulated precursor nanoparticles, which were prepared by a reverse microemulsion technique. The ...resulting material demonstrated a good cycle stability (50th cycle discharge capacity: 281 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1) without any additional modifications or treatments and a high capacity retention (52%) even at 640 mA g−1 compared to the one (5% at 640 mA g−1) obtained via a spray-drying synthesis as a reference. This article is the first report of trying to synthesize a lithium-rich layered cathode material having a high rate capability by controlling the morphology and homogeneity of the precursor particles based on a reverse microemulsion technique.
Al-doped ZnO (AZO)-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) was prepared by sol–gel method. AZO-coated LNMO electrode shows excellent rate capability and a remarkable improvement in the cyclic performance at a ...high rate at elevated temperature.
•Al-doped ZnO (AZO)-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) was prepared by a traditional sol–gel method.•Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layer grown on the surface of LNMO is high ordered.•At a high rate of 10C, the discharge capacity of the AZO-coated LNMO electrode can reach 114mAhg−1.•Al-doped ZnO (AZO) modification improved cyclic performance of LNMO at high temperatures.
Al-doped ZnO (AZO)-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) was prepared by sol–gel method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicates that AZO layer grown on the surface of LNMO is high ordered. The results of electrochemical performance measurements reveal that the AZO-coated LNMO electrode displays the best rate capability compared with the bare LNMO and ZnO-coated LNMO, even at a high rate of 10C. The discharge capacity of the AZO-coated LNMO electrode can still reach 114.3mAhg−1, about 89% of its discharge capacity at 0.1C. Moreover, AZO-coated LNMO electrode shows a remarkable improvement in the cyclic performance at a high rate at elevated temperature due to the protective effect of AZO coating layer. The electrode delivers a capacity of 120.3mAhg−1 with the capacity retention of 95% at 5C in 50 cycles at 50°C. The analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) indicates that AZO-coated LNMO possesses the lowest charge transfer resistance compared to the bare LNMO and ZnO-coated LNMO, which may be responsible for improved rate capability.
Development of high-capacity anode materials equipped with strong cyclestability is a great challenge for use as practical electrode for high-performance lithium-ion rechargeable battery. In this ...study, we synthesized a carbon coated Zn–Sn metal nanocomposite oxide and carbon spheres (ZTO@C/CSs) via a simple glucose hydrothermal reaction and subsequent carbonization approach. The carbon coated ZTO/carbon microspheres composite maintained a reversible capacity of 680mAhg−1 after 345 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1, and furthermore the cell based on the composite exhibited an excellent rate capability of 470mAhg−1 even when the cell was cycled at 2000mAg–1. The thick carbon layer formed on the ZTO nanoparticles and carbon spheres effectively buffered the volumetric change of the particles, which thus prolonged the cycling performance of the electrodes.
Extracellular nucleotides via activation of P2 purinergic receptors influence hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in response to 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). Adult hepatocytes express ...multiple P2Y (G protein-coupled) and P2X (ligand-gated ion channels) purinergic receptor subtypes. However, the identity of key receptor subtype(s) important for efficient hepatocyte proliferation in regenerating livers remains unknown. To evaluate the impact of P2Y2 purinergic receptor-mediated signaling on hepatocyte proliferation in regenerating livers, wild-type (WT) and P2Y2 purinergic receptor knockout (P2Y2-/-) mice were subjected to 70% PH. Liver tissues were analyzed for activation of early events critical for hepatocyte priming and subsequent cell cycle progression. Our findings suggest that early activation of p42/44 ERK MAPK (5 min), early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA-binding activity (30 min), and subsequent hepatocyte proliferation (24-72 h) in response to 70% PH were impaired in P2Y2-/- mice. Interestingly, early induction of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and cytokine-mediated signaling (NF-κB, STAT-3) were intact in P2Y2-/- remnant livers, uncovering the importance of cytokine-independent and nucleotide-dependent early priming events critical for subsequent hepatocyte proliferation in regenerating livers. Hepatocytes isolated from the WT and P2Y2-/- mice were treated with ATP or ATPγS for 5-120 min and 12-24 h. Extracellular ATP alone, via activation of P2Y2 purinergic receptors, was sufficient to induce ERK phosphorylation, Egr-1 protein expression, and key cyclins and cell cycle progression of hepatocytes in vitro. Collectively, these findings highlight the functional significance of P2Y2 purinergic receptor activation for efficient hepatocyte priming and proliferation in response to PH.
Sn-Co-C alloy as a promising anode material was prepared via a facile carbothermal reduction method, using both graphite and sucrose as the composited carbon sources. The effect of the combination ...pattern of graphite and sucrose on the microstructure and electrochemical performances of the alloys was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and galvanostatic cycling tests. Compared with the Sn-Co-C samples using only graphite or sucrose as the carbon sources, the sample using the composited carbon sources has a relative higher reversible capacity and better rate capability, which is probably related to the continuous and stable conductive network formed by graphite and amorphous carbon originated from the thermal decomposition of sucrose, as well as the small particle size and uniform distribution in the conductive network.
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