Bamboo is a perennial and renewable biomass forest resource and its leaf flavonoid is an antioxidant for biological and pharmacological research. The established genetic transformation and gene ...editing systems in bamboo are significantly limited by the dependence on bamboo regeneration capability. The way to improve the flavonoid content in bamboo leaves through biotechnology is still not feasible.
Here, we developed an in-planta, Agrobacterium-mediated gene expression method for exogenous genes via wounding and vacuum in bamboo. We demonstrated that the RUBY served as a reporter efficiently expressed in bamboo leaves and shoots, albeit unable to integrate into the chromosome. We have also developed a gene editing system by creating an in situ mutant of the bamboo violaxanthin de-epoxidase (PeVDE) gene in bamboo leaves, with lower NPQ values under the fluorometer, which can serve as a native reporter for gene editing. Furthermore, the bamboo leaves with increased flavonoid content were achieved by knocking out the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase genes.
Our method can be applied for the functional characterization of novel genes in a short time and is helpful for bamboo leaf flavonoid biotechnology breeding in the future.
The MYB family, one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in the plant kingdom, plays vital roles in cell formation, morphogenesis and signal transduction, as well as responses to biotic ...and abiotic stresses. However, the underlying function of bamboo MYB TFs remains unclear. To gain insight into the status of these proteins, a total of 85 PeMYBs, which were further divided into 11 subgroups, were identified in moso bamboo (
) by using a genome-wide search strategy. Gene structure analysis showed that
s were significantly different, with exon numbers varying from 4 to 13. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PeMYBs clustered into 27 clades, of which the function of 18 clades has been predicted. In addition, almost all of the
s were differently expressed in leaves, panicles, rhizomes and shoots based on RNA-seq data. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that 12
s related to the biosynthesis and deposition of the secondary cell wall (SCW) were constitutively expressed, and their transcript abundance levels have changed significantly with increasing height of the bamboo shoots, for which the degree of lignification continuously increased. This result indicated that these
s might play fundamental roles in SCW thickening and bamboo shoot lignification. The present comprehensive and systematic study on the members of the MYB family provided a reference and solid foundation for further functional analysis of MYB TFs in moso bamboo.
The Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is a new index to evaluate visceral adipose tissue in the Chinese population. Arterial stiffness (AS) is a kind of degeneration of the large arteries, and ...obesity is an essential contributing factor to AS. Our study aimed to explore the longitudinal association between CVAI and the risk of AS and to compare the predictive power of CVAI, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) for AS.BACKGROUNDThe Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is a new index to evaluate visceral adipose tissue in the Chinese population. Arterial stiffness (AS) is a kind of degeneration of the large arteries, and obesity is an essential contributing factor to AS. Our study aimed to explore the longitudinal association between CVAI and the risk of AS and to compare the predictive power of CVAI, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) for AS.Between 2010 and 2020, a total of 14,877 participants participating in at least two brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements from the Kailuan study were included. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to evaluate the longitudinal association between CVAI and the risk of AS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to compare the predictive power of CVAI, BMI, and WC for AS.METHODSBetween 2010 and 2020, a total of 14,877 participants participating in at least two brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements from the Kailuan study were included. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to evaluate the longitudinal association between CVAI and the risk of AS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to compare the predictive power of CVAI, BMI, and WC for AS.After adjusting for potential confounding factors, CVAI was significantly associated with the risk of AS. Compared with the first CVAI quartile, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI of the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.30 (1.09-1.56), 1.37 (1.15-1.63), and 1.49 (1.24-1.78), respectively. The area under ROC curve of CVAI was 0.661, significantly higher than BMI (AUC: 0.582) and WC (AUC: 0.606).RESULTSAfter adjusting for potential confounding factors, CVAI was significantly associated with the risk of AS. Compared with the first CVAI quartile, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI of the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.30 (1.09-1.56), 1.37 (1.15-1.63), and 1.49 (1.24-1.78), respectively. The area under ROC curve of CVAI was 0.661, significantly higher than BMI (AUC: 0.582) and WC (AUC: 0.606).CVAI may be a reliable indicator to identify high-risk groups of AS in the Chinese general population, and the predictive power of CVAI for AS was better than BMI and WC.CONCLUSIONCVAI may be a reliable indicator to identify high-risk groups of AS in the Chinese general population, and the predictive power of CVAI for AS was better than BMI and WC.
The rapid development of fintech has caused a great impact on traditional financial industries. It improves the quality of financial services but also buries potential risks at the same time. This ...paper takes China's FinTech and traditional financial industry as the research objects based on the daily yield data from 2019 to 2022. First, we measure the systemic risk index ∆CoVaR (Conditional Value at Risk) of the FinTech industry and traditional financial industries after effectively fitting the marginal distribution of industry return data. Second, we decompose the systemic risk sequences of FinTech and traditional financial industries to obtain the data at different frequencies with the combination of the frequency decomposition method. Finally, we use the quantile-on-quantile regression model to analyze the risk spillover effect of the FinTech industry driving traditional financial industries in different frequencies under different risk states. The article draws the following conclusion: first, in general, the peak of the positive risk spillover impact of FinTech on the traditional industries is mainly concentrated in the high quantile of FinTech, while the peak of the negative impact is mainly concentrated in the low quantile of FinTech. Second, the risk spillover impact direction of FinTech on the five traditional financial industries mainly changes from negative to positive under high trading frequency and low trading frequency, and takes a U-shape in medium trading frequency.
Culm color variation is an interesting phenomenon that contributes to the breeding of new varieties of ornamental plants during domestication. De-domesticated variation is considered ideal for ...identifying and interpreting the molecular mechanisms of plant mutations. However, the variation in culm color of bamboo remains unknown. In the present study, yellow and green culms generated from the same rhizome of
Phyllostachys vivax
cv. Aureocaulis (
P. vivax
) were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of culm color formation. Phenotypic and physiological data showed that environmental suitability was higher in green culms than in yellow culms. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 22 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in two different colored bamboo culms. There were 103 DEM-DEG interaction pairs, of which a representative “miRNA-mRNA” regulatory module involved in photosynthesis and pigment metabolism was formed by 14 DEM-DEG pairs. The interaction of the three key pairs was validated by qPCR and dual-luciferase assays. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of miRNAs involved in
P. vivax
culm color formation, which provides evidence for plant de-domestication and is helpful for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of bamboo.
Calamus tetradactylus, a species primarily distributed in Vietnam, Laos, and southern China, is highly valued for its utilization as a small-diameter rattan material. While its physical and ...mechanical properties have been extensively studied, the genomic characteristics of C. tetradactylus remain largely unexplored.
To gain a better understanding of its chloroplast genomic features and evolutionary relationships, we conducted sequencing and assembly of the chloroplast genome of C. tetradactylus. The complete chloroplast genome exhibited the typical highly conserved quartile structure, with specific variable regions identified in the single-copy region (like psbF-psbE, π = 0.10327, ndhF-rpl32, π = 0.10195), as well as genes such as trnT-GGU (π = 0.05764) and ycf1 (π = 0.03345) and others. We propose that these regions and genes hold potential as markers for species identification. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. tetradactylus formed a distinct clade within the phylogenetic tree, alongside other Calamus species, and C. tetradactylus was most closely related to C. walkeri, providing support for the monophyly of the genus.
The analysis of the chloroplast genome conducted in this study provides valuable insights that can contribute to the improvement of rattan breeding programs and facilitate sustainable development in the future.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Status epilepticus (SE) requires rapid intervention to prevent cerebral injury and mortality. The ketogenic diet, which bypasses glycolysis, is a promising remedy for patients with refractory SE. We ...tested the role of glycolytic lactate production in sustaining SE.
Extracellular lactate and glucose concentration during a seizure and SE in vivo was measured using lactate and glucose biosensors. A lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, oxamate, blocked pyruvate to lactate conversion during SE. Video-EEG recordings evaluated seizure duration, severity, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine neuronal loss. Genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP7 was used to study the effect of oxamate on CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were recorded from CA1 neurons to study oxamate's impact on neurotransmission.
The extracellular glucose concentration dropped rapidly during seizures, and lactate accumulated in the extracellular space. Inhibition of pyruvate to lactate conversion with oxamate terminated SE in mice. There was less neuronal loss in treated compared to control mice. Oxamate perfusion decreased tonic and phasic neuronal activity of GCaMP7-expressing CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro. Oxamate application reduced the frequency, but not amplitude of sEPSCs recorded from CA1 neurons, suggesting an effect on the presynaptic glutamatergic neurotransmission.
A single seizure and SE stimulate lactate production. Diminishing pyruvate to lactate conversion with oxamate terminated SE and reduced associated neuronal death. Oxamate reduced neuronal excitability and excitatory neurotransmission at the presynaptic terminal. Glycolytic lactate production sustains SE and is an attractive therapeutic target.
According to the growth pattern of bamboo, sympodial bamboo and monopodial bamboo are considered as two mainly kinds of bamboo. They have different phenotypes and different characteristics in ...developmental stage. Much attention had been paid on the study of bamboo cultivation, processing, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, which had made great progresses in the last decade, especially for the highlighted achievement of the bamboo genomics. However, there is no information available on concerning comparative profiling of miRNAs between sympodial bamboo and monopodial bamboo, which might play important roles in the regulation of bamboo development.
We identified the profiles of small RNAs using leaf tissues from one sympodial bamboo i.e. moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and another monopodial bamboo i.e. ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus). The result showed that there were 19,295,759 and 11,513,888 raw sequence reads, in which 92 and 69 conserved miRNAs, as well as 95 and 62 novel miRNAs were identified in moso bamboo and ma bamboo, respectively. The ratio of high conserved miRNA families in ma bamboo is more than that in moso bamboo. In addition, a total of 49 and 106 potential targets were predicted in moso bamboo and ma bamboo, respectively, in which several targets for novel miRNAs are transcription factors that play important roles in plant development. More importantly, annotation of differentially expressed target genes was performed based on the analysis of pathway and gene ontology terms enrichment.
This study provides the first large-scale sight of discovery and comparative characterization of miRNAomes between two representative bamboos belonged to sympodial bamboo and monopodial bamboo, respectively. Although it will be necessary to validate the function of miRNAs through more experimental research in further, these results lay a foundation for unraveling the miRNA-mediated molecular processes in different kinds of bamboo.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Autophagy helps to maintain cellular homeostasis by removing misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, and generally acts as a cytoprotective mechanism for neuronal survival. Here we showed that ...mice deficient in the Vici syndrome gene Epg5, which is required for autophagosome maturation, show accumulation of ubiquitin-positive inclusions and SQSTM1 aggregates in various retinal cell types. In epg5
retinas, photoreceptor function is greatly impaired, and degenerative features including progressively reduced numbers of photoreceptor cells and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the outer nuclear layer are observed, while the morphology of other parts of the retina is not severely affected. Downstream targets of the unfolded protein response (UPR), including the death inducer DDIT3/CHOP, and also levels of cleaved CASP3 (caspase 3), are elevated in epg5
retinas. Thus, apoptotic photoreceptor cell death in epg5
retinas may result from the elevated UPR. Our results reveal that Epg5-deficient mice recapitulate key characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa and thus may provide a valuable model for investigating the molecular mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration.
Water supply is essential for maintaining normal physiological function during the rapid growth of bamboo. Aquaporins (AQPs) play crucial roles in water transport for plant growth and development. ...Although 26
s in bamboo have been reported, the aquaporin-led mechanism of maintaining diurnal water balance in bamboo shoots remains unclear. In this study, a total of 63
s were identified, based on the updated genome of moso bamboo (
), including 22
s, 20
s, 17
s, and 4
s. All of the
s were differently expressed in 26 different tissues of moso bamboo, based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. The root pressure in shoots showed circadian rhythm changes, with positive values at night and negative values in the daytime. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) result showed that 25
s were detected in the base part of the shoots, and most of them demonstrated diurnal rhythm changes. The expression levels of some
s were significantly correlated with the root pressure. Of the 86 sugar transport genes, 33 had positive co-expression relationships with 27
s. Two root pressure-correlated
s,
and
, were confirmed to be highly expressed in the parenchyma and epidermal cells of bamboo culm, and in the epidermis, pith, and primary xylem of bamboo roots by in situ hybridization. The authors' findings provide new insights and a possible aquaporin-led mechanism for bamboo fast growth.
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