The state of health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries at low data sampling frequencies has important practical significance in engineering application. This paper proposes a new SOH ...evaluation method for lithium-ion batteries under the framework of probability density function (PDF). The concepts of regional voltage and regional frequency are introduced, and the SOH models are established based on the experimental cycle data of the nickel-cobalt-aluminium (NCA) battery cell and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery module. The results show that the SOH is a simple linear function of the regional frequency in the obtained model, and the fitting R-squared (R2) of two battery SOH models can reach more than 0.99 with appropriate regional voltage. This method does not directly use the characteristic parameters of PDF and is insensitive to the sampling frequency as low as 1/60 Hz. It is effective for accurate online SOH evaluation in occasions where the sampling frequency cannot be too high, such as large energy storage power station. Moreover, this method is more suitable for module SOH evaluation, which can overcome the poor SOH evaluation caused by the inconsistency of cells in a module.
•An improved PDF method for SOH evaluation is proposed based on regional frequency.•The regional frequency method can be used at the sampling frequency as low as 1/60 Hz.•The regional frequency method is suitable for SOH modeling of cells and modules.•A good linear positive correlation between battery SOH and regional frequency.
Mitochondria are recognized as the ideal target for cancer treatment because they play a central role in oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. In this work, a mitochondria‐targeted near‐infrared (NIR) ...photosensitizer (PS) for synchronous cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) is synthesized. This multifunctional small‐molecule PS is developed from a variety of synthesized heptamethine cyanine dyes, which are modified with various N‐alkyl side chains on the lipophilic cationic heptamethine core. It is demonstrated to preferentially accumulate in cancer cells by organic‐anion transporting polypeptide mediated active transport and retain in mitochondria by its lipophilic cationic property. As mitochondria are susceptible to hyperthermia and excessive reactive oxygen species, this new PS integrating PTT and PDT treatment exhibits highly efficient phototherapy in multiple cancer cells and animal xenograft models. Furthermore, this targeted PS with NIR imaging property also enables tumors and their margins clearly visualized, providing the potential for precisely imaging‐guided phototherapy and treatment monitoring. This is the first report that a small‐molecule PS integrates both cancer PTT and PDT treatment by targeting mitochondria, significantly increasing the photosensitization. This work may also present a practicable strategy to develop small‐molecule‐based cancer theranostic agents for simultaneous cancer targeting, imaging, and therapy.
A heptamethine cyanine dye preferentially accumulates in cancer cells by organic‐anion‐transporting‐polypeptide‐mediated active transport and penetrates into mitochondria by its lipophilic cationic property. This multifunctional small‐molecule photosensitizer (PS) is developed for synchronous cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) by targeting cancer‐cell mitochondria.
With the clarification of the important roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diverse physiologic and pathologic processes, the effects of miRNAs in wound healing have attracted more attention recently. ...However, the global pattern of miRNA expression in wound tissue is still unknown. In the present study, we depicted the miRNA profile and identified at least 54 miRNAs, including miR-21, changed for more than twofold at the stage of granulation formation during wound healing. These miRNAs were closely related to the major events of wound healing, including cell migration and proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix remolding. Furthermore, we found that miR-21 was up-regulated after skin injury, mainly in activated and migrating epithelial cells of epidermis and mesenchymal cells of dermis. Locally antagonizing miR-21 by directly injecting antagomir to wound edge caused significant delay of wound closure with impaired collagen deposition. Unexpectedly, we found wounds treated with miR-21 antagomir had an obvious defect in wound contraction at an early stage of wound healing. The significant role of miR-21 in wound contraction was further confirmed by in vivo gain-of-function and in vitro loss-of-function experiments. In conclusion, the present study has for the first time depicted miRNA profiling of wound healing and demonstrated the involvement of miR-21 in regulating the wound contraction and collagen deposition. These results suggest that miR-21 may be a new medical target in skin wound manipulation.
MiRNAs are important regulators of different biological processes, including tumorigenesis. MiR-210 is a potential prognostic factor for survival in patients with cancer according to previous ...clinical researches. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the significance of increased miR-210 expression in the prognosis of indicated cancers.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 researches included 1809 patients with 7 different types of cancers from 7 countries, and aimed to explore the association between miR-210 expression and the survival of cancer patients. Over-expression of miR-210 may predict poor overall survival (OS, HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.85-2.09, P = 0.210), but the effect was not significant. While the predictive effect on disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.30-2.74, P = 0.001), progression-free survival (PFS, HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.38, P = 0.007) and relapse-free survival(RFS, HR = 4.42, 95% CI: 2.14-9.15, P = 0.000) for patients with breast cancer, primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), renal cancer, soft-tissue sarcoma, pediatric osteosarcoma, bladder cancer or glioblastoma was certain. Subgroup analysis showed the limited predictive effect of over-expressed miR-210 on breast cancer OS (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.47-5.67, P = 0.443), breast cancer DFS (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.90-4.57, P = 0.088), sarcoma OS (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.20-7.89, P = 0.818) and renal cancer OS (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.27-4.94, P = 0.842).
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that miR-210 has a predictive effect on survival of patients with studied cancer types as indexed by disease-free survival, progression-free survival and relapse-free survival. While the predictive effect on overall survival, breast cancer overall survival, breast cancer disease-free survival, sarcoma overall survival and renal cancer overall survival was not statistically significant.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Reasonable capacity configuration of energy storage system can enhance operation reliability and economic efficiency of microgrid. Considering the influence of the operating characteristics of energy ...storage device cycling life, a capacity configuration optimization method for hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed in this paper to reduce power fluctuations in microgrid and extend the service life of energy storage system. The improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) is adopted to realize time–frequency analysis of the net load power of the microgrid. The hybrid energy storage capacity configuration optimization model with the full-life economic cost as the goal is established, and the optimal filter order and corresponding energy storage configuration scheme are determined. The example results show that the proposed hybrid energy storage configuration method can not only suppress power fluctuations and reduce the economic cost, but also improve the mode mixing phenomenon and achieve more reasonable capacity configuration. The proposed method is applicable to the capacity configuration optimization of the HESS.
To investigate the role of pericytes in constructing the malformed microvessels (MVs) and participating microvascular architecture heterogeneity of glioma.
Forty human glioma tissue samples (WHO ...grade II-IV) were included in present study. Observation of blood vessel patterns, quantitative analysis of endothelial cells (ECs)- and pericyte-labeled MVs and comparison between malignant grades based on single- or double-immunohistochemical staining. The MV number density (MVND), microvascular pericyte number density (MPND), and microvascular pericyte area density (MPAD) were calculated. The expression of PDGFβ was also scored after immunostaining.
In grade II glioma, most of tumor MVs were the thin-wall CD34+ vessels with near normal morphology. In addition to thin-wall CD34+ MVs, more thick-wall MVs were found in grade III glioma, which often showed α-SMA positive. Most of MVs in grade IV glioma were in the form of plexus, curled cell cords and glomeruloid microvascular proliferation while the α-SMA+ cells were the main components. The MVs usually showed disordered arrangement, loose connection and active cell proliferation as shown by Ki67 and α-SMA coexpression. With the increase of glioma grades, the α-SMA+ MVND, CD34+ MVND and MPND were significantly augmented although the increase of CD34+ MVND but not MPAD was statistically insignificant between grade III and IV. It was interesting that some vessel-like structures only consist of α-SMA+ cells, assuming the guiding role of pericytes in angiogenesis. The expression level of PDGFβ was upregulated and directly correlated with the MPND in different glioma grades.
Hyperplasia of pericytes was one of the significant characteristics of malignant glioma and locally proliferated pericytes were the main constituent of MVs in high grade glioma. The pathological characteristics of pericytes could be used as indexes of malignant grades of glioma.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is one multi-functional tumor suppressor inhibiting neoplastic transformation and tumor invasion. The role of PDCD4 in tumorigenesis has attracted more attention and ...has been systematically elucidated in cutaneous tumors. However, the normal biological function of PDCD4 in skin is still unclear. In this study, for the first time, we find that tumor suppressor PDCD4 is uniquely induced in a cell density-dependent manner in keratinocytes. To determine the potential role of PDCD4 in keratinocyte cell biology, we show that knockdown of PDCD4 by siRNAs can promote cell proliferation in lower cell density and partially impair contact inhibition in confluent HaCaT cells, indicating that PDCD4 serves as an important regulator of keratinocytes proliferation and contact inhibition in vitro. Further, knockdown of PDCD4 can induce upregulation of cyclin D1, one key regulator of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the expression patterns of PDCD4 in normal skin, different hair cycles and the process of wound healing are described in detail in vivo, which suggest a steady-state regulatory role of PDCD4 in epidermal homeostasis and wound healing. These findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for keratinocytes' biology and indicate that PDCD4 plays a role in epidermal homeostasis.
This article demonstrates the effect of reverse gradient barrier layer and floating gate structure on DC and RF performance of GaN-based HEMTs. In terms of power characteristics, using reverse ...gradient barrier and floating gate, the GaN-HEMTs with Lg of 240 nm and S-D spacing of 8.4 μm demonstrated the maximum drain current and peak transconductance are increased by 70 % and 15 % respectively, and the linearity of GaN based HEMT is greatly improved. Meanwhile, using the reverse gradient barrier layer, the gate leakage current is significantly reduced by nearly 1 to 5 orders of magnitude, and it is proved that the negative polarization effect has a certain effect on increasing the threshold voltage and breakdown voltage. In terms of RF characteristics, due to the existence of the floating gate, the parasitic capacitance is reduced and the frequency performance is improved. In addition, for both conventional and proposed HEMTs, this article proposes two equivalent capacitance models to optimize RF performance. As a result, the optimal structure offers approximately 10 and 7 times improvement in the current gain cutoff frequency (ft) and unilateral power gain cutoff frequency (fmax) (from 5.3 and 9.8 to 52 and 73.8 GHz, respectively). Additionally, the optimal structure exhibits outstanding scaling factors of 12.48 GHz·μm.
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•An enantiopure molecular cage was used for mediating a chiral photodimerization.•The intrinsically chiral cage demonstrated efficiency in the chiral induction.•External factors play ...a remarkable role in the supramolecular photochirogenesis.
Photochirogenesis through supramolecular assembly provides an intriguing approach to the highly challenging research field of chiral photochemistry. In the present paper, an enantiopure coordination self-assembly cage (cage T) has been employed for mediating the enantiodifferentiating 4+4 photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylate (AC) in aqueous medium. The complexing behavior of AC with the cage T has been investigated by UV–vis, circular dichroism and NMR spectral studies. It was found that in aqueous solution, cage T could form both 1:1 and 1:2 host–guest complexes with AC. Photocyclodimerization of AC mediated by cage T were studied at different temperatures and different host/guest ratios. The anti-HT photodimer dominate the photocyclodimerization of AC with cage T. In the presence of an enantiopure cage T, the chiral syn-HT and anti-HH photodimers were produced in moderate enantioselectivity. The enantiodifferentiating mechanism of this supramolecular photochirogenesis system and the effects of external factors are discussed.
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