Graphene oxide (GO) has been considered as a promising material to develop advanced nanofiltration membranes benefiting from its extraordinary physicochemical properties. GO membranes for practical ...application need porous substrates to provide sufficient mechanical strength. Compared to extensive studies on the manipulation of GO selective layer, the influence of substrates on the performance of GO membranes has been received much less attention. Actually, significant differences in physical and chemical properties of the substrates should lead to distinct assembly structure of resulting GO membranes with uneven performance. Therefore, the effect of substrate on GO membranes formation and separation are worth study and optimization. Herein, we employed typical inorganic ceramic tube and polymeric polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polycarbonate (PC) substrates to support GO membranes and studied the effects of their surface morphologies and roughness, surface chemical composition, as well as bulk pore structure on the formation and nanofiltration performance of resulting GO membranes. Substrates properties were revealed to have remarkable impacts on the adhesion and transport property of GO membranes. We found that the surface morphological and chemical structure of substrates induced GO assembly and determined GO adhesion, and the bulk pore structure of substrates dominated the whole transport resistance of GO membrane. Especially, the PAN substrate possessing abundant oxidized functional groups after simple hydrolysis, contributed to a robust interfacial adhesion with GO selective layer and enabled GO membrane to withstand harsh stability measurements including cross-flow, high feed pressure and long-period continuous operation. Besides, the smooth surface morphology along with the bulk highly porous structure of PAN substrate offered a favorable platform for GO assembly, resulting in competitive nanofiltration performance with water permeance of 15.5 Lm−2 h−1bar−1 and dye rejection of 99.5%. Overall, this work gives new insights of design and fabrication of durable GO membranes for practical applications.
•Surface morphology and chemical structure of substrates control GO layer formation.•Bulk pore structure of substrates dominates transport resistance of GO membrane.•Hydrolyzed PAN substrate optimizes formation and NF performance of GO membranes.
Minimum-structure inversions using L
2-norm measures have been widely applied to geophysical exploration problems. However, the smeared-out models resulting from L
2-norm inversions are not always ...consistent with the real or expected geological structures, especially in regions where distinct interfaces between different rock units exist. To obtain sharp boundaries and blocky features, non-L
2 inversions have been used successfully in geophysical imaging problems. In reality, however, both smooth and blocky features can be present in the subsurface physical properties or interfaces to be recovered. To deal with this situation, we develop a new method for adaptively recovering both smooth and blocky features in the constructed model from geophysical inversions. This method first detects different regions of the smoothness or blockiness in a model based on a sequence of inversions and then adaptively applies appropriate L
p
model norm with different p values at different locations to complete the final inversion. We present two synthetic examples from basement inversion using gravity data and crosswell seismic traveltime tomography before demonstrating our method on a field data example at the U.S. Geological Survey Fractured Rock Research Site in central New Hampshire.
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of organism and has important function. It participates in the functions of selenoprotein in several manners. In recent years, Se has attracted much ...attention because of its therapeutic potential against several diseases. Many natural and synthetic organic Se-containing compounds were studied and explored for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Studies have showed that incorporation of Se atom into small molecules significantly enhanced their bioactivities. In this paper, according to different applications and structural characteristics, the research progress and therapeutic application of Se-containing compounds are reviewed, and more than 110 Se-containing compounds were selected as representatives which showed potent activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antifibrolytic, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and central nervous system related effects. This review is expected to provide a basis for further study of new promising Se-containing compounds.
Display omitted
•This article provides a comprehensive overview of Selenium-containing compounds mainly reported in recent five years.•The chemical structures, biological activities and therapeutic potential are comprehensively analyzed.•Many novel Se-containing compounds are firstly summarized and show various pharmacological activities.
Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity have attracted much attention, along with the rapid development of electronic devices toward higher speed and better performance. However, high ...interfacial thermal resistance between fillers and matrix or between fillers and fillers has been one of the primary bottlenecks for the effective thermal conduction in polymer composites. Herein, we report on engineering interfacial structure of silicon carbide nanowire/cellulose microcrystal paper by generating silver nanostructures. We show that silver nanoparticle-deposited silicon carbide nanowires as fillers can effectively enhance the thermal conductivity of the matrix. The in-plane thermal conductivity of the resultant composite paper reaches as high as 34.0 W/m K, which is one order magnitude higher than that of conventional polymer composites. Fitting the measured thermal conductivity with theoretical models qualitatively demonstrates that silver nanoparticles bring the lower interfacial thermal resistances both at silicon carbide nanowire/cellulose microcrystal and silicon carbide nanowire/silicon carbide nanowire interfaces. This interfacial engineering approach provides a powerful tool for sophisticated fabrication of high-performance thermal-management materials.
Maternal obesity impairs embryonic developmental potential and significantly increases the risks of metabolic disorders in offspring. However, the epigenetic transmission mechanism of maternal ...metabolic abnormalities is still poorly understood.
We established an obesity model in female mice by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The effects of the HFD on the developmental potential of oocytes and embryos, the metabolic phenotype, and epigenetic modifications were investigated. The efficacy of metformin administration was assessed. Finally, the regulatory pathway of epigenetic remodeling during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) was explored.
Maternal HFD consumption significantly impaired glucose tolerance and increased the risk of metabolic disorders in F0 and F1 mice. Maternal HFD consumption also decreased embryonic developmental potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and γH2AX levels, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) within oocytes, causing high levels of oxidative stress damage and DNA damage. Starting with this clue, we observed significantly increased RIF1 levels and shortened telomeres in obese mice. Moreover, significant abnormal DNA methylation and histone modification remodeling were observed during ZGA in obese mice, which may be coregulated by RIF1 and the ZGA marker gene MuERV-L. Metformin treatment reduced RIF1 levels, and partially improved ZGA activation status by rescuing epigenetic modification remodeling in oocytes and preimplantation embryos of obese mice. RIF1 knockdown experiments employing Trim-Away methods showed that RIF1 degradation altered the H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 enrichment and then triggered the MuERV-L transcriptional activation. Moreover, ChIP-seq data analysis of RIF1 knockouts also showed that RIF1 mediates the transcriptional regulation of MuERV-L by changing the enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 rather than by altered DNA methylation.
Elevated RIF1 in oocytes caused by maternal obesity may mediate abnormal embryonic epigenetic remodeling and increase metabolic risk in offspring by regulating histone modifications on MuERV-L, which can be partially rescued by metformin treatment.
Abstract
Peptide-MHC (pMHC) multimers have excelled in the detection of antigen-specific T cells and have allowed phenotypic analysis using other reagents, but their use for detection of low-affinity ...T cells remains a challenge. Here we develop a multimeric T cell identifying reagent platform using two-dimensional DNA origami scaffolds to spatially organize pMHCs (termed as dorimers) with nanoscale control. We show that these dorimers enhance the binding avidity for low-affinity antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs). The dorimers are able to detect more antigen-specific T cells in mouse CD8
+
T cells and early-stage CD4
+
CD8
+
double-positive thymocytes that express less dense TCRs, compared with the equivalent tetramers and dextramers. Moreover, we demonstrate dorimer function in the analysis of autoimmune CD8
+
T cells that express low-affinity TCRs, which are difficult to detect using tetramers. We anticipate that dorimers could contribute to the investigation of antigen-specific T cells in immune T cell function or immunotherapy applications.
Recent studies have confirmed the integration of the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) gene into the cellular genome of urothelial carcinomas in transplant recipients, further confirming the correlation ...between BKPyV and urothelial carcinomas after transplantation. However, the role BKPyV infections play in the biological function of bladder cancer remains unclear.
We developed a BKPyV-infected bladder cancer cell model and a mice tumor model to discuss the role of BKPyV infections.
Our research proves that BKPyV infections promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells, while the activation of β-catenin signaling pathway is one of its mediation mechanisms.
We first described BKPyV infection promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of bladder cancer. We verified the role of β-catenin signaling pathway and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition effect in BKPyV-infected bladder cancer. These results provide meaningful information towards the diagnosis and treatment of clinical bladder cancer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a non-negligible clinical challenge for clinicians in surgeries such as renal transplantation. Functional loss of renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) in IRI ...leads to the development of acute kidney injury, delayed graft function (DGF), and allograft rejection. The available evidence indicates that cellular oxidative stress, cell death, microvascular dysfunction, and immune response play an important role in the pathogenesis of IRI. A variety of immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, are actively involved in the progression of IRI in the immune response. The role of B cells in IRI has been relatively less studied, but there is a growing body of evidence for the involvement of B cells, which involve in the development of IRI through innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses, and negative immune regulation. Therefore, therapies targeting B cells may be a potential direction to mitigate IRI. In this review, we summarize the current state of research on the role of B cells in IRI, explore the potential effects of different B cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IRI, and discuss possible targets of B cells for therapeutic aim in renal IRI.
In this study, 50 SD adult male mice were used to create an Alzheimer's disease model. The mice's learning and memory abilities were evaluated using an eight-arm radial maze experiment, and changes ...in body weight and food intake were noted. This helped to better validate the improvement of Alzheimer's disease caused by pine nut peptide-zinc chelate (Korean pine). For a more thorough investigation, mice's brains were dissected, Endogenous mercaptan antioxidants (enzymes), which are markers of brain tissue, were assessed, and mouse gut flora was analyzed. The findings demonstrated that pine nut peptide-zinc chelate (Korean pine) can improve learning and memory, stop brain aging and damage, and control gut flora in mice. It may exert its effects by ameliorating decreased AChE levels and increased ChAT levels in the central cholinergic system, endogenous thiol antioxidants (enzymes) in the cerebral cortex, and by controlling the bacterial flora in the gut.
ARs plays a crucial role in plant morphogenesis and development. The limited and inefficient rooting of scions poses a significant challenge to the efficiency and quality of clonal propagation of ...forest trees in silvicultural practices. Building on previous research conducted by our team, we found that applying IBA at a concentration of 1000 mg/L significantly enhanced mulberry rooting. This study aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect by analyzing RNA sequencing data from mulberry phloem before and after treatment with IBA over time intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 40 days. We identified 5226 DEGs, which were then classified into GO terms and KEGG pathways, showing significant enrichment in hormone signaling processes. Using WGCNA, we identified eight co-expression modules, two of which were significantly correlated with the IBA treatment. Additionally, 18 transcription factors that potentially facilitate ARs formation in mulberry were identified, and an exploratory analysis on the cis-regulatory elements associated with these transcription factors was conducted. The findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of ARs in mulberry and offer theoretical support for the discovery and utilization of exceptional genetic resources within the species.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
