Economic and trade cooperation between China and ASEAN countries has made new progress with the introduction of the concept of Belt and Road. In 2015, China and ASEAN formally signed the outcome ...document of negotiations on an upgraded free trade area, which shows that China-asean relations have became better. Enhancing the trade facilitation level of the Free Trade Area can improve the economic and trade exchanges between China and ASEAN. The premise of studying how to improve the trade facilitation level of Free Trade Area is to measure the trade facilitation level of free trade area. In this paper, trade facilitation is divided into four categories and 19 sub-indexes, and the measurement model of trade facilitation in free trade area is established to measure the trade facilitation level between China and ASEAN countries.
The chromosome breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle is a mutational process that produces gene amplification and genome instability. Signatures of BFB cycles can be observed in cancer genomes alongside ...chromothripsis, another catastrophic mutational phenomenon. We explain this association by elucidating a mutational cascade that is triggered by a single cell division error-chromosome bridge formation-that rapidly increases genomic complexity. We show that actomyosin forces are required for initial bridge breakage. Chromothripsis accumulates, beginning with aberrant interphase replication of bridge DNA. A subsequent burst of DNA replication in the next mitosis generates extensive DNA damage. During this second cell division, broken bridge chromosomes frequently missegregate and form micronuclei, promoting additional chromothripsis. We propose that iterations of this mutational cascade generate the continuing evolution and subclonal heterogeneity characteristic of many human cancers.
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) convey the major output of information collected from the eye to the brain. Thirty subtypes of RGCs have been identified to date. Here, we analyze 6225 RGCs (average of ...5000 genes per cell) from right and left eyes by single-cell RNA-seq and classify them into 40 subtypes using clustering algorithms. We identify additional subtypes and markers, as well as transcription factors predicted to cooperate in specifying RGC subtypes. Zic1, a marker of the right eye-enriched subtype, is validated by immunostaining in situ. Runx1 and Fst, the markers of other subtypes, are validated in purified RGCs by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunostaining. We show the extent of gene expression variability needed for subtype segregation, and we show a hierarchy in diversification from a cell-type population to subtypes. Finally, we present a website for comparing the gene expression of RGC subtypes.
Blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by the coordinated action of at least four cell types constituting pancreatic islets. Changes in the proportion and/or function of these cells are ...associated with genetic and molecular pathophysiology of monogenic, type 1, and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Cellular heterogeneity impedes precise understanding of the molecular components of each islet cell type that govern islet (dys)function, particularly the less abundant delta and gamma/pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells. Here, we report single-cell transcriptomes for 638 cells from nondiabetic (ND) and T2D human islet samples. Analyses of ND single-cell transcriptomes identified distinct alpha, beta, delta, and PP/gamma cell-type signatures. Genes linked to rare and common forms of islet dysfunction and diabetes were expressed in the delta and PP/gamma cell types. Moreover, this study revealed that delta cells specifically express receptors that receive and coordinate systemic cues from the leptin, ghrelin, and dopamine signaling pathways implicating them as integrators of central and peripheral metabolic signals into the pancreatic islet. Finally, single-cell transcriptome profiling revealed genes differentially regulated between T2D and ND alpha, beta, and delta cells that were undetectable in paired whole islet analyses. This study thus identifies fundamental cell-type-specific features of pancreatic islet (dys)function and provides a critical resource for comprehensive understanding of islet biology and diabetes pathogenesis.
Diterpenes represent one of the most diverse and structurally complex families of natural products. Among the myriad of diterpenoids, grayanane diterpenes are particularly notable. These terpenes are ...characterized by their unique 5/7/6/5 tetracyclic system and are exclusive to the Ericaceae family of plants. Renowned for their complex structures and broad spectrum of bioactivities, grayanane diterpenes have become a primary focus in extensive phytochemical and pharmacological research. Recent studies, spanning from 2018 to January 2024, have reported a series of new grayanane diterpenes with unprecedented carbon skeletons. These compounds exhibit various biological properties, including analgesic, antifeedant, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). This paper delves into the discovery of 193 newly identified grayanoids, representing 15 distinct carbon skeletons within the Ericaceae family. The study of grayanane diterpenes is not only a deep dive into the complexities of natural product chemistry but also an investigation into potential therapeutic applications. Their unique structures and diverse biological actions make them promising candidates for drug discovery and medicinal applications. The review encompasses their occurrence, distribution, structural features, and biological activities, providing invaluable insights for future pharmacological explorations and research.
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•A simple colorimetric and fluorescent “on-off-on” dual-mode sensor was constructe based on green fluorescent carbon dots/AuNPs.•The dual-mode sensor has been successfully applied to ...detect L-cysteine and Zinc thiazole in real samples.
Cyan fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs)were prepared from Glutathione (GSH) and m-phenylenediamine by one-step hydrothermal method. Interestingly, the synthesized G-CDs were modified with many functional groups, which can reduce Au3+ to Au-nanoparticles (AuNPs). The formed AuNPs led to fluorescence quenching of G-CDs because of internal filter effect (IFE). Furthermore, a fluorescent and colorimetric dual-mode sensor based on G-CDs/AuNPs was constructed and further applied for the analysis of L-cysteine (L-cys) and Zinc thiazole (ZTH). The fluorescence of G-CDs/AuNPs recovered from “turn-off” to “turn-on”, which may be owing to the interaction of L-cys and ZTH with AuNPs, resulting in the aggregation of AuNPs and disappearance of IFE. At the same time, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AuNPs was reduced. The dual-mode sensing platform not only had high sensitivity and selectivity for L-cys and ZTH, but also conducted visual detection. The fluorescence and absorbance detection limits for L-cys and ZTH were 0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, and 0.035 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, respectively. It should be noted that G-CDs/AuNPs sensor has been successfully applied to monitor L-cys and ZTH in skin lotion, milk, lettuce, tea and other real samples, proving the potential application.
•The DA electrochemical sensor was fabricated by overall hierarchical porous carbon.•Sensor can be regenerated with ultrasonic cleaning by removing DA pollutants.•Sensor showed wide linear range and ...low detection limit to DA.
The detection of dopamine (DA) based on electrochemical sensor is of great importance to human diseases diagnosis and treatment. However, such sensors usually faced with the performance deterioration due to serious dopamine fouling. Herein, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon sheet with hierarchical ordered mesopores by a facile dual-template method, the integrated electrochemical sensor was further discussed in terms of the evolution of porous structure. Results showed that the hierarchical porous structure would provide more mass transport channels and larger active area, resulting in higher sensitivity. In particular, the 3D framework could withstand strong ultrasound cleaning and maintained the superior electrochemical properties with high repeatability after the ultrasonic cleaning for dopamine fouling. The integrated sensor based on 3D porous carbon with high sp2 content presented the excellent performance toward DA detection with wide linear range from 800 nM to 400 μM, low detection limit of 100 nM as well as good selectivity to routine interference substances. It can be said that the constructed 3D hierarchical mesoporous carbon provides the great potential to be a promising material for DA electrochemical sensing platform construction.
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Low phosphorus (P) is a major limiting factor for plant growth in acid soils, which are preferred by tea plants. This study aims to investigate the unique mechanisms of tea plant roots adaptation to ...low-P conditions. Tea plant roots were harvested for multi-omics analysis after being treated with 0 µmol·L
P (0P) and 250 µmol·L
P (250P) for 30 days. Under 250P conditions, root elongation was significantly inhibited, and the density of lateral roots was dramatically increased. This suggests that 250P may inhibit the elongation of tea plant roots. Moreover, the P concentration in roots was about 4.58 times higher than that under 0P, indicating that 250P may cause P toxicity in tea plant roots. Contrary to common plants, the expression of
in tea plant roots was significantly increased by four times at 250P, which indicated that tea plant roots suffering from P toxicity might be due to the excessive expression of phosphate uptake-responsible genes under 250P conditions. Additionally, 94.80% of P-containing metabolites accumulated due to 250P stimulation, most of which were energy-associated metabolites, including lipids, nucleotides, and sugars. Especially the ratio of AMP/ATP and the expression of energy sensor
were inhibited by P application. Therefore, under 250P conditions, P over-accumulation due to the excessive expression of
may inhibit energy metabolism and thus the growth of tea plant roots.
•The comparative effects of different teas, prepared from the same fresh leaves, were studied.•The relationship among various teas and their effect on bile acid metabolism was investigated.•Green, ...black, oolong, and white teas altered the bile acid metabolism.•Changes in bile acid metabolism could be associated with the health benefit effects of tea.•Oolong tea was found to be the most effective in reducing weight.
The beneficial effects of tea on health, including obesity, are well known. However, the comparative effects of black, green, white, and oolong teas, which are prepared from the same fresh leaves, on weight gain and the potential mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. Bile acids (BAs) are shown to be powerful regulators of metabolism; however, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effect of tea on BA metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effects that green, black, white, and oolong teas that were prepared from the same raw tea leaves have on the plasma BA profile.
Female rats were dosed with the aforementioned tea types as their sole source of drinking fluid for 28 d. We then investigated their weight and effect on BA metabolic profile using advanced ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics.
The UPLC-MS/MS analysis of the plasma show that the levels of murocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, tauromuricholic acid, and taurocholic acid were increased; whereas levels of taurolithocholic acid and isolithocholic acid were decreased after drinking green, oolong, and white tea types compared with control. Surprisingly, oolong tea significantly influenced reduction in relative weight compared with control, black, and green tea; whereas black, green, and white teas had no effects on weight compared with control.
Green, black, oolong, and white teas altered the BA metabolism. This change in BA metabolism could be associated with the health benefit effects of tea. Oolong tea was most effective in reducing weight.
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The e-commerce course based on short videos offers a dynamic and accessible learning experience tailored to the fast-paced world of online business. Through concise and engaging video modules, ...students gain practical insights into various aspects of e-commerce, including market analysis, digital marketing strategies, website development, and customer relationship management. This papers explores the implementation of virtual simulation experimental teaching in an e-commerce course, utilizing short video modules as the primary instructional tool, enhanced by Stacked Ranking Regression Classifier (SRRC). The research aims to enhance student engagement and comprehension by integrating virtual simulations with short video content, providing an immersive and interactive learning experience. Through simulated experiments and empirical validations, the efficacy of SRRC-enhanced virtual simulation teaching methods is evaluated. Results demonstrate significant improvements in student performance and satisfaction compared to traditional teaching approaches. Simulation analysis of students exposed to SRRC-enhanced virtual simulation teaching reported a 25% increase in comprehension levels and a 30% improvement in engagement metrics. Additionally, the SRRC model facilitates personalized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs, leading to enhanced learning outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of virtual simulation experimental teaching with SRRC in revolutionizing e-commerce education and fostering student success.
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