The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidative 3 + 2 annulation of dioxindole and enals was developed, giving the corresponding spirocyclic oxindole-γ-lactones in good yields with high to excellent ...diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The challenging aliphatic enals worked effectively using this strategy. The oxidative cross coupling of homoenolate and enolate
single electron transfer was proposed as the key step for the reaction.
Lipid oxidation and myoglobin oxidation in meat lead to off-flavor development and discoloration, respectively. These processes often appear to be linked and the oxidation of one of these leads to ...the formation of chemical species that can exacerbate oxidation of the other. Several investigators have reported preservation of fresh meat color following the inclusion of antioxidant ingredients. An understanding of the complementary oxidation interaction provides a basis for explaining quality deterioration in meat and also for developing strategies to maintain optimal sensory qualities.
Extensive investigations into long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various diseases and cancers, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been conducted. The current study aimed to investigate ...the role of lncRNA solute carrier family 8 member A1 antisense RNA 1 (SLC8A1‐AS1) in myocardial damage by targeting solute carrier family 8 member A1 (SLC8A1) via cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate‐protein kinase G (cGMP‐PKG) signaling pathway in AMI mouse models. Differentially expressed lncRNA in AMI were initially screened and target relationship between lncRNA SLC8A1‐AS1 and SLC8A1 was then verified. Infarct size, levels of inflammatory factors, biochemical indicators, and the positive expression of the SLC8A1 protein in AMI were subsequently determined. The expression of SLC8A1‐AS1, SLC8A1, PKG1, PKG2, atrial natriuretic peptide, and brain natriuretic peptide was detected to assess the effect of SLC8A1‐AS1 on SLC8A1 and cGMP‐PKG. The respective contents of superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected accordingly. Microarray data GSE66360 provided evidence indicating that SLC8A1‐AS1 was poorly expressed in AMI. SLC8A1 was verified to be a target gene of lncRNA SLC8A1‐AS1. SLC8A1‐AS1 upregulation decreased levels of left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, −dp/
dt
max, interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, transforming growth factor α, nitric oxide, inducible nitric‐oxide synthase, endothelial nitric‐oxide synthase, infarct size, LDH activity and MDA content, and increased IL‐10, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure and +
dp/
dt
max. Furthermore, the overexpression of SLC8A1‐AS1 was noted to elicit an inhibitory effect on the cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway via SLC8A1. In conclusion, lncRNA SLC8A1‐AS1, by downregulating SLC8A1 and activating the cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway, was observed to alleviate myocardial damage, inhibit the release of proinflammatory factors and reduce infarct size, ultimately protecting against myocardial damage.
In conclusion, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) solute carrier family 8 member A1 antisense RNA 1 (SLC8A1‐AS1), by downregulating solute carrier family 8 member A1 (SLC8A1) and activating cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate‐protein kinase G (cGMP‐PKG) signaling pathway, was observed to alleviate myocardial damage, inhibit the release of proinflammatory factors and reduce infarct size, ultimately protecting against myocardial damage.
Black phosphorus (black P), which is a promising candidate as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, was synthesized by a high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) method from white and red ...phosphorus. The study revealed the electrochemical activity of pure black P under different pressures and temperatures systematically. The sample shows higher crystallinity and purity by the HPHT method. Lithium-ion batteries containing black phosphorus as anode materials exhibited a high specific capacity and excellent cycling performance. Black phosphorus obtained from white phosphorus exhibited the highest first discharge and charge capacities of 2505 and 1354 mAh·g–1 at 4 GPa and 400 °C and that obtained from red phosphorus exhibited the highest first discharge and charge capacities of 2649 and 1425 mAh·g–1 at 4.5 GPa and 800 °C. Black P was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Aciduric bacteria that can survive in extremely acidic conditions (pH < 4.0) are challenging to the current antimicrobial approaches, including antibiotics and photodynamic bacteria inactivation ...(PDI). Here, we communicate a photosensitizer design concept of halogenation of fluorescein for extremely acidic PDI. Upon halogenation, the well-known spirocyclization that controls the absorption of fluorescein shifts to the acidic pH range. Meanwhile, the heavy atom effect of halogens boosts the generation of singlet oxygen. Accordingly, several photosensitizers that could work at even pH < 2.0 were discovered for a broad band of aciduric bacteria families, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC
) lower than 1.1 μM. Since one of the discovered photosensitizers is an FDA-approved food additive (2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein, TIF), successful bacteria growth inhibition in acidic beverages was demonstrated, with greatly extended shelf life from 2 days to ~15 days. Besides, the in vivo PDI of Candidiasis with TIF under extremely acidic condition was also demonstrated.
A catalytic charge transfer complex strategy that enabled difluoromethylation and ethoxycarbonylmonofluoromethylation of enamides with phosphonium bromine salts has been reported. This strategy also ...provides a convenient approach for the synthesis of functionalized oxindoles and 1,1-diphenylethylenes with easily available phosphonium bromine salts and a catalytic amount of iodine anion.
Catalytic charge transfer complex enabled difluoromethylation of alkenes with phosphonium bromine salts is reported in this study.
The quantification of heating, ventilation, and air condition (HVAC) system flexibility is critical to the operations of both the grid and buildings in demand response (DR) programs. However, the ...flexibility quantification is challenging due to the non-linearity and non-convexity of thermal dynamics associated with HVAC components. This paper proposes a novel HVAC flexibility quantification method based on a semidefinite programming (SDP) formulation. The SDP is reformulated from the non-convex problem of HVAC power optimization, and can be solved efficiently in real-time. The physics-based HVAC model is incorporated to ensure the reliability and accuracy of solutions. The quantification results are organized into an HVAC flexibility table that can provide response strategies on adjusting HVAC setpoints in response to the grid signals received. The developed response strategies minimize occupant discomfort while satisfying grid requirements. A case study of a test building model is carried out to illustrate the flexibility quantification framework and compares the performance of two DR strategies.
Aiming at the current low degree of mechanization of pomegranate sprouting tiller pruning in China, all relying on manual pruning, this paper designs a PLC-based pomegranate sprouting tiller removal ...machine. This machine adopts the identification method of wireless map transmission, the sprouting tiller removal method of multi-cylinder cooperative operation, and the MCGS configuration to realize the interaction between the user and the system, which realizes the displacement and angle compensation of the end-effector under complex conditions to realize the all-around accurate removal of the pomegranate sprouting tiller. The performance test and finite element analysis showed that the device could remove up to 74.62% of sprouting tillers, and the damage rate was as low as 18%. This meets the requirements of pomegranate plantations for the removal of emergent tillers.
Recent studies have recognized triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) as a practical surrogate of insulin resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance contributes to ischemic ...stroke via multiple mechanisms. Our study aimed to investigate the association between TyG and prevalent ischemic stroke, exploring the value of TyG to optimize the risk stratification of ischemic stroke.
This cross-sectional study included 10,900 subjects (mean age: 59.95 years, 59.8% females) from rural areas of northeast China between September 2017 to May 2018. TyG was calculated as lnfasting triglyceride (mg/dl) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)/2. The prevalence of ischemic stroke was 5.49%. After adjusting for all covariates, each SD increment of TyG caused 22.8% additional risk for ischemic stroke. When dividing TyG into quartiles, the top quartile had a 1.776 times risk for ischemic stroke against the bottom category. Furthermore, smoothing curve fitting demonstrated this association was linear in the whole range of TyG. Finally, AUC revealed an improvement when introducing TyG into clinical risk factors (0.746 vs 0.751, p = 0.029). Consistently, category-free net reclassification index (0.195, 95% CI: 0.112–0.277, P < 0.001) and integrated discrimination index (0.003, 95% CI: 0.001–0.004, P < 0.001) confirmed the improvement by TyG to stratify ischemic stroke risk.
The prevent ischemic stroke correlated proportionally with the increment of TyG, implicating the linearity of TyG as an indicator of ischemic stroke. Our findings suggest the potential value of TyG to optimize the risk stratification of ischemic stroke in a general population.
•TyG index closely correlated with the prevalent ischemic stroke.•TyG may serve as a linear indicator for the presence of ischemic stroke.•TyG may have its potential to optimize the risk stratification of ischemic stroke.
With geospatial intelligence research developing rapidly, automatic road extraction is becoming a fundamental and challenging task. Due to the special geometric structure and spectral information of ...road networks, existing methods suffer from incomplete and fractured results. In this work, a novel road extraction convolutional neural network, incorporating the road boundary details and road junction information via a dual-branch multi-task structure, is proposed to learn synergistic feature representations and strengthen road connectivity. Firstly, a BiFPN-based feature aggregation module is utilised to bridge the semantic gap between low-level and high-level feature maps, allowing multi-scale spatial details to be fully fused. Secondly, the boundary auxiliary branch, using a U-shaped network with a spatial-channel attention module, captures residential information for the backbone to enhance the subtleties of road edges. Thirdly, the node inferring branch models the road junction position jointly with the road surface, aiming to strengthen the topology structure and reduce the fragmented road segments. We perform experiments on three diverse road datasets, namely the DeepGlobe dataset, Massachusetts dataset, and SpaceNet dataset. The results demonstrate that our model shows an overall performance improvement over some SOTA algorithms and the IoU indicator achieves 3.86%, 0.79%, and 1.71% improvements over Unet on the three datasets, respectively.
•A novel Geometric Prior Assisted Neural Network (GA-Net) is proposed for automatic road extraction. The boundary information is introduced to the model, which strengthens the geometric details of road edges. The road junction information is jointly learned with the road surface information, which reduces the missing gap between road segments.•A feature fusion module is designed to bridge the semantic gap between multi-scale features maps. An attention module is designed to strengthen the road geometric information. The two light modules can be easily ensemble with other models.•We achieves better results than some SOTA algorithms for three popular datasets. And results of our model shows better completeness and connectivity.
PDF
