In this article, we propose a four-party double-direction quantum cyclic controlled remote state preparation scheme, where two-qubit states can be remotely prepared cyclically among three ...correspondents both in clockwise and counterclockwise directions simultaneously under the control of the supervisor. Before presenting our four-party scheme, we give the quantum circuit diagram for constructing the 25-qubit quantum entangled channel. In our scheme, each correspondent merely carries out a four-qubit projective measurement and the supervisor only need to perform a single-qubit measurement in the Z-basis. After obtaining the measurement results from the other two correspondents and the supervisor, each correspondent can restore the desired states perfectly by applying proper unitary operations. The proposed four-party scheme can also be extended to the case containing
m
(
m
>
3
)
correspondents, by using a
(
8
m
+
1
)
-qubit entangled channel. Discussions show that the success probability of both the proposed four-party and
(
m
+
1
)
-party schemes can reach 1. We also analyze the control power of the supervisor in our scheme. Detailed analysis demonstrates that the control power of the supervisor can also be guaranteed.
Combining with the idea of quantum multi-cast, in this paper, a novel theoretical scheme is presented to fulfil four-party quantum double-direction cyclic controlled communication by using a ...thirteen-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel. In the proposed scheme, each observer can transmit two different single-qubit states to the other two observers under the supervision of the controller, respectively and synchronously, which realizes quantum cyclic controlled communication in clockwise and anticlockwise directions simultaneously. The quantum channel is structured by Hadamard (H) gates and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Based on the quantum channel that we construct, we exhibit how the four-party double-direction cyclic controlled communication scheme works in a minute detail. Only specific two-qubit projective measurements, single-qubit von Neumann measurement and suitable unitary operations are needed in the proposed four-party scheme, which can be implemented in physics easily. Furthermore, the presented four-party double-direction controlled communication scheme can be generalized into the situation with
n
>
3
observers through preparing a
(
4
n
+
1
)
-qubit entangled channel. Analysis demonstrates that the success probability of the proposed scheme can reach
100
%
. We also calculate the intrinsic efficiency and investigate the security of the proposed scheme.
A novel theoretical scheme is proposed to implement quantum cyclic controlled teleportation (QCYCT) of three unknown states by utilizing a seven-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel, where ...Alice can transmit an unknown
m
-qubit state to Bob, Bob can transmit an unknown
n
-qubit state to Candy and Candy can transmit an unknown
t
-qubit state to Alice under the control of the supervisor David. Only controlled-not (CNOT) operations, Bell-state measurements, a single-qubit measurement and appropriate unitary operations are needed in this scheme, which can be realized in experiment easily. The desired state of each communicator can be recovered deterministically by using auxiliary particles. The direction of the cyclic controlled teleportation can also be altered throughout changing the selection of the particle pairs to be measured of each communicator. Compared with the previous QCYCT schemes, the proposed scheme possesses higher intrinsic efficiency in most cases and can transfer as many qubits as the communicators desire.
Abstract
In recent years, U.S. navy is exposing frequently some tests and development about shipborne laser weapon, which have attracted aboard attention and passionate discussion. In this paper, the ...review on shipborne laser weapon of U.S. navy from the 21th century is summed up. Some oppugns or baffles are also analyzed in this process. The meaning on developing shipborne laser weapon is discussed more deeply. Furthermore, some advices are put forward.
China has responded to the sustainability challenges via a range of policies with evolving objectives in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) since the 1990s. However, the multi-scale analysis of ...YEB's comprehensive sustainability and the human-environment nexus amid policy impact remains unexplored. A comprehensive review and forecast of historical and future sustainability pathways under policy impacts are imperative. Here, we systematically examined sustainability under ten National Policies (NPs) and Regional Development Policies (RDPs), forecasting Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in the 21st Century using the entropy weight method and machine learning models. We found that RDPs have contributed to 1.6 times increase in human development from 2000 to 2018 across dimensions of demography, economy, and society in YEB. However, it also revealed that the west-east disparity has widened from 0.14 to 0.19 during this period. Conservation efforts and national initiatives for ecological civilization have led to environmental improvement in the YEB, especially after the RDP3 in 2014, when the eastern provinces, like Shanghai, have already surpassed the peak inverted U-shape curve of the environmental-human nexus. Among the SSPs, SSP1 shows the most sustainable scenario with the lowest ecological footprint at 6.2 hm2 per capita and the highest value of regional sustainability and environmental subsystem. To achieve SSP1, an iterative, inclusive, and context-specific Science-Policy-Practice dialogue is essential. This enables feedback loops and collaboration among policymakers, scientists, and practitioners to foster regional sustainability by studying the implications of historical and future pathways.
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•YEB's development transitioned from economic to high-quality.•Regional Policies' effect: Wellbeing surges, overshooting ecological footprints.•The systematic east-west sustainability gradient widened in the past 2 decades.•Eastern provinces of YEB experienced early sustainability turning points.•Optimal SSP1: Lower ecological footprint & climate mitigation, higher development.
Current advances of hydrogels based on dynamic covalent bonding including: developing preparing techniques; classic or unique materials applied in the hydrogels’ preparation; their special properties ...of self-healing and responsive; and their biomedical application prospects in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing and biosensor.
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In the past few decades, hydrogels based on dynamic covalent bonding (DCB) have attracted extensive attention and exploration with the rapid development of polymer science and life science disciplines. The strategies of designing DCB hydrogels are more mature, the materials for constructing DCB hydrogel skeletons come from a wider range of sources and the techniques of introducing DCB are more flexible and controllable as well. Several unique properties distinguish the DCB hydrogels from the traditional ones, for example, the autonomous healing ability and the responsiveness under some environmental stimuli. On account of these properties, DCB hydrogels are considered as one of the smart materials exhibiting great feasibility to apply in the biomedical field even though remaining some challenges to be conquered in the future. Herein, this review mainly highlights: the developing techniques of preparing DCB hydrogels, the materials of DCB hydrogels preparation, the special properties of DCB hydrogels and the biomedical application prospects for DCB hydrogels.
This article explores the impact mechanism of different types of environmental regulations on corporate green technology innovation (GTI). The research focuses on analyzing three types of ...environmental regulations: command based environmental regulation (ER1), market-oriented environmental regulation (ER2), and voluntary environmental regulation (ER3), and how they affect corporate GTI. This study selected enterprise GTI as the dependent variable and measured it by the number of applications for green invention patents and green utility model patents. The independent variables are the three types of environmental regulations mentioned above. According to data from Chinese A-share listed companies. Using benchmark regression models to analyze the impact of different environmental regulations on GTI, and constructing a moderating effect model to study the role of corporate R&D investment and government support in the process of environmental regulations affecting GTI. The results indicate that (1) ER1, ER2, and ER3 can all promote enterprise GTI, and the three environmental regulatory methods have a better synergistic effect. (2) R&D investment has a positive correlation with the relationship between ER2 and GTI, and a negative correlation with ER 3 and ER 1. (3) There are differences in the GTI performance of enterprises in different regions, ownership nature, factor density, and industry types under the influence of environmental regulations. (4) The impact of environmental regulatory policies on corporate GTI is mainly short-term. This study provides a new perspective on how environmental regulations affect corporate GTI, especially in the context of developing countries like China. The research findings emphasize the role of different types of environmental regulations in incentivizing corporate GTI, while also pointing out factors that governments need to consider when formulating environmental policies, such as regional differences and corporate characteristics, which are of great significance for promoting green development of enterprises and achieving broader sustainable development goals.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The long-term use of chemical fertilizers to maintain agricultural production has had various harmful effects on farmland and has greatly impacted agriculture's sustainable expansion. Graphene, a ...unique and effective nanomaterial, is used in plant-soil applications to improve plant nutrient uptake, reduce chemical fertilizer pollution by relieving inadequate soil nutrient conditions and enhance soil absorption of nutrient components. We investigated the effects of graphene amendment on nutrient content, maize growth, and soil physicochemical parameters. In each treatment, 5 graphene concentration gradients (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 g kg
) were applied in 2 different types (single-layer and few-layers, SL and FL). Soil aggregates, soil accessible nutrients, soil enzyme activity, plant nutrients, plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, and fresh weight were all measured throughout the maize growth to the V3 stage. Compared to the control (0 g kg
), we found that graphene increased the percentage of large agglomerates (0.25-10 mm) in the soil and significantly increased the geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mean weight diameter (MWD) values of > 0.25 mm water-stable agglomerates as the increase of concentration. Soil available nutrient content (AN, AP, and AK) increased, peaking at 150 g kg
. Graphene boosted nutrient absorption by maize plants, and aboveground total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) contents rose with the increasing application, which raised aboveground fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and stalk thickness. The findings above confirmed our prediction that adding graphene to the soil may improve maize plant biomass by enhancing soil fertility and improving the soil environment. Given the higher manufacturing cost of single-layer graphene and the greater effect of few-layer graphene on soil and maize plants at the same concentration, single-layer graphene and few-layer graphene at a concentration of 50 g kg
were the optimal application rates.
The association between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key factor in promoting tumor progression. However, the correlation between CAFs and TME in breast ...carcinoma has not been elucidated. Thus, further study about the cross-effect between CAFs and TME can provide novel strategies for breast carcinoma treatment, particularly targeted immunotherapy. First, we systematically analyzed cell communication in a single-cell dataset and identified the interacted genes between CAFs and TME components. Then, a robust fibroblast-related score (FRS) model was developed using the LASSO algorithm. The FRS can be a reliable adverse prognostic factor in three cohorts with breast carcinoma. Functional enrichment analysis and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that patients with a high FRS had cold tumors with active proliferation and immunosuppression. Patients with a low FRS presented with hot tumors with active immune and cell-killing functions. Genomic variation analysis revealed that patients with a low FRS had a higher somatic mutation load and copy number variation burden. Finally, patients with a low FRS were more sensitive to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1 therapy. In conclusion, a reliable FRS model was constructed not only reliable for predicting prognosis but also competent to estimate clinical immunotherapy and chemotherapy response for patients with BRCA, which might provide significant clinical implications for guiding clinical decision-making for patients with BRCA.
Most breast cancer–related deaths are caused by metastasis in vital organs including the lungs. Development of supportive metastatic microenvironments, referred to as premetastatic niches (PMNs), in ...certain distant organs before arrival of metastatic cells, is critical in metastasis. However, the mechanisms of PMN formation are not fully clear. Here, we demonstrated that chemoattractant C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) could be stimulated by heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) on the surface of murine 4 T1 breast cancer cell–released LC3+ extracellular vesicles (LC3+ EVs) via the TLR2‐MyD88‐NF‐κB signal cascade in lung fibroblasts, which subsequently promoted lung PMN formation through recruiting monocytes and suppressing T cell function. Consistently, reduction of LC3+ EV release or HSP60 level or neutralization of CCL2 markedly attenuated PMN formation and lung metastasis. Furthermore, the number of circulating LC3+ EVs and HSP60 level on LC3+ EVs in the plasma of breast cancer patients were positively correlated with disease progression and lung metastasis, which might have potential value as biomarkers of lung metastasis in breast cancer patients (AUC = 0.898, 0.694, respectively). These findings illuminate a novel mechanism of PMN formation and might provide therapeutic targets for anti‐metastasis therapy for patients with breast cancer.
Sun et al. demonstrate that breast cancer cell‐released LC3+ extracellular vesicles (LC3+ EVs) is critical for lung premetastatic niche formation (PMN) and metastasis by educating lung fibroblast. The number of circulating LC3+ EVs and HSP60 level on circulating LC3+ EVs in the plasma of breast cancer patients were positively correlated with disease progression and lung metastasis, which might be prospective biomarkers of lung metastasis in breast cancer patients.
