Surface modification of nanomaterials is essential for their biomedical applications owing to their passive immune clearance and damage to reticuloendothelial systems. Recently, a cell ...membrane‐coating technology has been proposed as an ideal approach to modify nanomaterials owing to its facile functionalized process and good biocompatibility for improving performances of synthetic nanomaterials. Here, recent advances of cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials are reviewed based on the main biological functions of the cell membrane in living cells. An overview of the cell membrane is introduced to understand its functions and potential applications. Then, the applications of cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials based on the functions of the cell membrane are summarized, including physical barrier with selective permeability and cellular communication via information transmission and reception processes. Finally, perspectives of biomedical applications and challenges about cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials are discussed.
Recent advances of cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials are summarized here based on the main biological functions of the cell membrane, including physical barrier and cellular communication. Perspectives of biomedical applications and challenges of cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials are also discussed.
Traditional phototherapies face the issue that the insufficient penetration of light means it is difficult to reach deep lesions, which greatly reduces the feasibility of cancer therapy. Here, an ...implantable nitric oxide (NO)‐release device is developed to achieve long‐term, long‐distance, remote‐controllable gas therapy for cancer. The device consists of a wirelessly powered light‐emitting diode (wLED) and S‐nitrosoglutathione encapsulated with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), obtaining the NO‐release wLED (NO‐wLED). It is found that NO release from the NO‐wLED can be triggered by wireless charging and the concentration of produced NO reaches 0.43 × 10−6 m min−1, which can achieve a killing effect on cancer cells. In vivo anticancer experiments exhibit obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of orthotopic cancer when the implanted NO‐wLED is irradiated by wireless charging. In addition, recurrence of cancer can be prevented by NO produced from the NO‐wLED after surgery. By illumination in the body, this strategy overcomes the poor penetration and long‐wavelength dependence of traditional phototherapies, which also provides a promising approach for in vivo gas therapy remote‐controlled by wireless charging.
An implantable and wirelessly charged nitric oxide (NO)‐release device (NO‐wLED) capable of being remote‐controlled is constructed to overcome the issue in that it is difficult to treat deep cancer by phototherapy due to the insufficient penetration capability of light. With irradiation in the body and the good tissue penetration of NO, suppression of orthotopic and postsurgery cancers is achieved.
As an emerging cancer treatment strategy, ferroptosis is greatly restricted by excessive glutathione (GSH) in tumor microenvironment (TME) and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency. ...Here, this work designs self‐assembled copper‐alanine nanoparticles (CACG) loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) and cinnamaldehyde (Cin) for in situ glutathione activated and enzymatic cascade‐enhanced ferroptosis and immunotherapy. In response to GSH‐rich and acidic TME, CACG allows to effectively co‐deliver Cu2+, Cin, and GOx into tumors. Released Cin consumes GSH through Michael addition, accompanying with the reduction of Cu2+ into Cu+ for further GSH depletion. With the cascade of Cu+‐catalyzed Fenton reactions and enzyme‐catalyzed reactions by GOx, CACG could get rid of the restriction of insufficient hydrogen peroxide in TME, leading to a robust and constant generation of ROS. With the high efficiency of GSH depletion and ROS production, ferroptosis is significantly enhanced by CACG in vivo. Moreover, elevated oxidative stress triggers robust immune responses by promoting dendritic cells maturation and T cell infiltration. The in vivo results prove that CACG could efficiently inhibit tumor growth in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mouse model without causing obvious systemic toxicity, suggesting the great potential of CACG in enhancing ferroptosis and immunotherapy for effective cancer treatment.
Self‐assembled copper‐based nanoparticles of CACG are developed, which reveal great potential to enhance ferroptosis and immunotherapy by tackling the challenges of excessive glutathione (GSH) and low RROS generation efficiency in cancer treatment.
Cancer cells, with unique their metabolism, frequently exhibit a high level of redox homeostasis, which could be a feasible target for cancer treatment. Here, liquid metal (LM) nanoparticles are used ...as a template to guide the growth of yolk‐shell structured LM@MnO2 (LMN). With yolk‐shell structures, LMNs is applied to load with cinnamaldehyde (CA) (CLMN) and further coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to construct the CA&LM@MnO2‐HA nanoflowers (CLMNF) for cancer targeted treatment. Owing to the urchin‐like structured shell, it is found that the obtained CLMNF particles rapidly deplete glutathione (GSH) and produce manganese ions, which further facilitate hydrogen peroxide converting into hydroxyl radical (·OH) for cancer cell killing. Accompanying the depletion of GSH, the balance of intracellular redox homeostasis tilts towards oxidation, resulting in amplified oxidative damage caused by CA, eventually, leading to the apoptosis of cancer cells. Combined with the remarkable near infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion properties, the novel structured CLMNF exhibits favorable inhibition of tumors in vivo, indicating that using nanoflowers to induce intracellular oxidative/thermal stress damage could be a promising strategy for anticancer treatment.
Yolk‐shell structured nanoflowers induce intracellular oxidative/thermal stress damage for cancer treatment. By using liquid metal as a template, the yolk‐shell structured manganese dioxide nanoflowers are rapidly constructed through an in situ surface reduction process. Benefiting from the guidance of multimode imaging, the nanoparticles exhibit satisfactory inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.
Biofilms are the chief culprits of most intractable infections and pose great threat to human health. Developing effective strategies to sweep away the detrimental microbe and stubborn biofilm still ...remains a challenge. Here, an ultrasound (US) activated microbomb is constructed by encapsulating perfluorohexane (PFH) and iron‐tannin modified calcium peroxide (CaO2‐TA‐Fe) in poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) vesicles as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating reactors for dental biofilm elimination. Upon the US irradiation by ultrasonic toothbrush, the swiftly vaporized PFH can not only promptly explode the PLGA shell to facilitate the generation of H2O2 from CaO2, but also blast the tight biofilm for effective delivery of the lethal hydroxyl free radicals (•OH) caused by degradative Fe3+ from iron‐tannin network, thereby proceeding cascade catalysis eradication of biofilm. As a proof‐of‐concept, this study demonstrates the proposed synergetic paradigm that integrates the US‐triggered explosion with ROS‐induced sterilization for stubborn biofilm elimination, and is a promising tactic for the costly and prevalent caries prevention as well as the biofilm‐associated diseases treatments.
Ultrasonic toothbrush activated microbombs are fabricated by encapsulating perfluorohexane (PFH) and iron‐tannin modified calcium peroxide in poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) microvesicles for biofilm elimination and caries prevention. Upon ultrasound irradiation, the swiftly vaporized PFH can explode to blast biofilm and facilitate the delivery of lethal hydroxyl free radicals via Fenton reaction, thereby proceeding cascade catalysis for bactericide and antibiofilm activities.
Abstract
In this paper, a simple strategy is proposed to prepare a core-shell nanohybrid (PB@PCN) by the controllable coating of zirconium-porphyrin (PCN) shells on Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles. ...By adjusting the thickness of the PCN shell, the PB@PCN nanohybrid with the best comprehensive performance was obtained for tumor treatment and imaging. The integrated nanosystem as a tandem catalyst is able to convert H
2
O
2
to O
2
through the PB core, and then the O
2
is directly injected into the PCN framework, leading to a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen to kill tumor cells and attack heat shock proteins (HSPs). The nanohybrid was further camouflaged by a tumor cell membrane (PB@PCN@MEM) with good immune evasion and active targeting ability. Upon accumulation at the tumor site, PN@PCN@MEM showed an enhanced photodynamic therapeutic effect against hypoxic tumor cells. Furthermore, coupled with the photothermal therapy of PB, photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy of tumors can be realized. In addition, due to its excellent imaging performance, this core-shell nanohybrid can be employed for the multimodal image-guided therapy of tumors.
In this paper, an intracellular glutathione (GSH) responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN-S-S-RGD) was developed as a drug nanocarrier by immobilizing the gatekeeper (RGD containing peptide) ...onto MSNs using disulfide bonds. The antitumor drug, DOX was loaded onto the porous structure of the MSNs and the DOX@MSN-S-S-RGD system has been proved to be an effective nanocarrier. It was determined that most of the drug could be entrapped with only a slight leakage. After being accumulated in tumor cells via the receptor-mediated endocytosis, the surface peptide layer of DOX@MSN-S-S-RGD was removed to trigger the release of the entrapped drug to kill the tumor cell due to the cleavage of the disulfide bonds by intracellular GSH.
Abstract As mutation and dysfunction of p53 gene could induce most of human cancers, the p53 tumor suppressor gene was used to replace them and recover their normal functions in cancer cells. In this ...paper, biotinylated transferrin/avidin/biotinylated disulfide containing PEI bioconjugates (TABP-SS) mediated p53 gene delivery system was formed attributed to the ‘avidin–biotin bridge’. Characteristics of the obtained TABP-SS and its p53 complexes were evaluated in terms of acid–base titration, agarose gel electrophoresis, SEM, particle size and ζ-potential measurements. The acid–base titration results showed that TABP-SS had good buffer capability. The results of gel electrophoresis indicated that TABP-SS could fully condensed DNA and would be degraded by reducing agent inside cells. In vitro cell viability and transfection of TABP-SS were investigated in COS7, HepG2, and HeLa cells. Among the three different cell lines, TABP-SS exhibited much lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficacy in HepG2 and HeLa cells due to the specific interactions between transferrin ligands and their receptors on tumor cells. Apoptotic morphology was observed using confocal microscopy, and the expression of p53 protein in transfected cells was evaluated by western blotting. All the results indicated that TABP-SS/p53 complex could be considered as a low toxic and high efficient tumor targeted gene delivery system, which has great potential for further clinical application.
Researches on the dynamics of spatial point patterns and their associations of forest landscape has important implications for maintaining forest stability and making forest management decisions. ...Based on the four period datasets of forest resource inventory in Maoershan region in 1983, 1993, 2004, and 2016, the O-ring statistics within Programita software (version 2010) was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamics of spatial point patterns and associations. The results showed that the cover percentage of soft-wood broadleaved mixed forest (SBM) significantly decreased, the percentage of natural Quercus mongolica (NMO) increased in the beginning, and then became lower. The percentage of hard broadleaved mixed forest (HBM), Larix gmelinii (RLG) and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (RPS) plantations increased dramatically from 1983 to 2016. During the study period, the scale of clumped distribution for the SBM, HBM, NMO all significantly decreased with the increasing spatial scale. The clumped distribution ra
Abstract Arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) ligand is often chemically attached to polycation vector to improve the transfection efficiency. However, the chemical reaction may reduce or even ...inactivate the biological activities of peptides. In order to retain the targeting ability and biological activities, the RGD peptide was noncovalently introduced into polycations as gene delivery systems. In this paper, the tripeptide sequence RGD was added to disulfide-containing polyethyleneimine (SS-PEI)/DNA binary complexes to evaluate the influence of RGD addition for the particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and transfection efficiency. GelRed™ was used as a molecular probe to show the effect of RGD addition on the cellular uptake of complexes. In vitro transfection experiments showed that SS-PEI exhibited comparable transfection efficiency, but lower cytotoxicity in comparison with 25 kDa PEI. The transfection efficiency of complexes with RGD in HeLa cells was reduced statistically significantly with the increasing content of RGD peptide, but that in 293T cells was not altered significantly with the increasing content of RGD peptide. The reduced transfection efficiency of SS-PEI/DNA complexes with RGD in HeLa cells was attributed to the targeted binding interactions between the surplus RGD and the αν β3 and αν β5 integrins in HeLa cells, which would prevent the binding between RGD in complexes and integrin receptor on the surface of cells as well as nonspecific endocytosis of SS-PEI/DNA complexes mediated by proteoglycan in HeLa cells.
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