Antibiotics in Endodontics: a review Segura‐Egea, J. J.; Gould, K.; Şen, B. Hakan ...
International endodontic journal,
December 2017, Letnik:
50, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The overuse of antibiotics and the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains is a global concern. This concern is also of importance in terms of the oral microbiota and the use of ...antibiotics to deal with oral and dental infections. The aim of this paper was to review the current literature on the indications and use of antibiotics and to make recommendations for their prescription in endodontic patients. Odontogenic infections, including endodontic infections, are polymicrobial, and in most cases, the prescription of antibiotics is empirical. This has led to the increasing use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics even in cases where antibiotics are not indicated, such as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, necrotic pulps and localized acute apical abscesses. In case of discrete and localized swelling, the primary aim is to achieve drainage without additional antibiotics. Adjunctive antibiotic treatment may be necessary in the prevention of the spread of infection, in acute apical abscesses with systemic involvement and in progressive and persistent infections. Medically compromised patients are more susceptible to complication arising from odontogenic infections and antimicrobials have a more specific role in their treatment. Therefore, antibiotics should be considered in patients having systemic diseases with compromised immunity or in patients with a localized congenital or acquired altered defence capacity, such as patients with infective endocarditis, prosthetic cardiac valves or recent prosthetic joint replacement. Penicillin VK, possibly combined with metronidazole to cover anaerobic strains, is still effective in most cases. However, amoxicillin (alone or together with clavulanic acid) is recommended because of better absorption and lower risk of side effects. In case of confirmed penicillin allergy, lincosamides such as clindamycin are the drug of choice.
This position statement represents a consensus of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) on Antibiotics in Endodontics. The statement is based on current ...scientific evidence as well as the expertise of the committee. The goal is to provide dentists and other healthcare workers with evidence‐based criteria for when to use antibiotics in the treatment of endodontic infections, traumatic injuries of the teeth, revascularization procedures in immature teeth with pulp necrosis, and in prophylaxis for medically compromised patients. It also highlights the role that dentists and others can play in preventing the overuse of antibiotics. A recent review article provides the basis for this position statement and more detailed background information (International Endodontic Journal, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12741). Given the dynamic nature of research in this area, this position statement will be updated at appropriate intervals.
Aim To investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis and the quality of root canal treatment in an adult Turkish population who visited a university dental clinic.
Summary The periapical ...status of 8863 teeth belonging to 375 patients was evaluated by two pre‐calibrated observers from panoramic radiographs. The presence of apical periodontitis, and the prevalence and quality of root fillings were recorded. The relationship between the radiographic quality of root fillings and apical periodontitis was examined by chi‐squared statisticl‐analysis.
Of 8863 teeth, 470 (5.3%) had undergone root canal treatment. Forty‐seven per cent of all the subjects had at least one root‐filled tooth. Periapical radiolucencies were visible on 4.2% of teeth examined, with 53.5% of root‐filled teeth presenting apical periodontitis. Ninety‐one per cent of root‐filled teeth with periapical pathosis were determined to have inadequate root fillings. A statistically significant correlation was found between the quality of root fillings and the presence of apical periodontitis (P < 0.05).
Key learning points
• The radiographic quality of root fillings correlated with periapical radiographic signs of pathosis in a selected population of Turkish adults.
• There is a need to improve the standards of root canal treatment in the study population.
Gerek M, Başer ED, Kayahan MB, Sunay H, Kaptan RF, Bayırlı G. Comparison of the force required to fracture roots vertically after ultrasonic and Masserann removal of broken instruments. International ...Endodontic Journal, 45, 429–434, 2012.
Aim To evaluate the force required to fracture roots vertically after the removal of broken instruments using ultrasonic tips and a Masserann kit.
Methodology Thirty‐nine extracted human anterior teeth with single and straight roots were used. The crown of each tooth was removed until the full length of the tooth was 13 mm. All canals were instrumented with the step‐back technique to a size 25 K‐file. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups: two experimental groups and a control group. The size 30 K‐files used for the test were notched to a depth of half of the instrument with a No. 2 round bur at a point 3 mm from the tip to facilitate breakage of the file at this point. The fractured instruments were removed from the canals using ultrasonic tips or a Masserann kit. The samples were subjected to a continual vertical loading, using a universal testing machine. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. The results were analysed statistically using one‐way anova and Tukey HSD test.
Results The force required to fracture the roots vertically was significantly higher in the control group than the experimental groups (P < 0.01). The roots from which the broken instruments had been removed using ultrasonic tips required more force to fracture than roots in the Masserann group; however, the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion Removal of a fractured instrument from the middle third of the root decreased the force required to fracture the root vertically, regardless of the technique used for instrument removal. There was not difference between the ultrasonic technique and the Masserann technique.
Aim To describe the development of a delayed type allergic reaction 24 h following the use of nonlatex rubber dam during endodontic treatment. The symptoms were alleviated with adequate medication; ...however, the patient rejected any further analysis.
Summary In recent years, allergic reactions because of latex rubber dam and gloves have received more attention. Nonlatex products are advocated in clinical use in cases where the patient presents an allergic background. Although rare, adverse reactions may be encountered even with these products. In this article, a very rare case is presented in which a patient developed signs of allergy 24 h after the utilization of nonlatex rubber dam and gloves during endodontic treatment. Signs including visible redness on the mucosa, submucosal oedema and desquamation in the vestibular mucosa were observed. With proper medication, the signs and symptoms were alleviated. Although the patient was referred to an allergy specialist for patch testing, she did not accept any further analysis.
Key learning points This case emphasizes the necessity of precautions during the management of latex‐allergic patients in clinical practice. The unusual response encountered in this patient does not undermine the usefulness of nonlatex rubber dam and gloves in sensitive individuals.
OBJECTIVES Football has become a market driven industry with the scientific and technical developments. There-fore, it is necessary to determine an effective administration strategy in football. This ...is only possible with the works of contemporary sports administrators doing the necessities of the time. Thus, this study can be related with on the quality of the sports administration. The aim was to evaluate the opinions of the administrators of the 1st and 2nd league foot-ball clubs on "the qualities of staff working in the field of the sports", comparatively in Ankara. METHODS The subjects were the administrators of 1st league (n: 18), and 2nd league(n: 68) football clubs in the Tur-key. The instrument was a questionnaire that assessed the ideas and views related to the quality of sports administrators. The reliability coefficient has been found out as? = 96. The arithmetic mean (X) and standard deviation (SD) values of the qualities in the every part of the questionnaire have been determined. In the detecting of the difference of opinion, the T test has been used. RESULTS Most of the sports administrators joining the research have had positive attitudes against the qualities of "General Culture" "Sports field knowledge" and "Sports management occupation knowledge" as the table stated. The rate of the necessity of knowing a language was 97% for the 2nd League Football administrators. DISCUSSION The 1st league football club administrators all agreed with the item "The use of the mother language is well", and the 2nd league football club administrators are wholly agree that evaluate according to Likert scale the ad-ministrators are qualified in good communication. The use of the mother tongue effectively, is highly important in hav-ing a good communication with the staff.
OBJECTIVE The spread of the sports which is very important on the life of the people and the countries and the suc-cess be gained in the international field are related to a strong and resistant ...management and organization. In some parts of the sports management, there are some problems arising from the structure of the organization. Today's soccer clubs have entered into a managing period with many problems. The aim was to determine the opinions of the amateur and professional football club administrators on the problems related to sports management in Ankara. METHODS The subjects of the research consisted of the amateur and professional football club administrators in An-kara. The research was carried with the contributions of 50 club administrators. This questionnaire (prepared with re-searchers) was applied. The reliability coefficiency of the questionnaire was set at Alfa; 96. In the analysis of the data the percentile ranking and ANOVA was used. RESULTS Most of the administrators don't accept the sports associations and the sports centres as sufficient and they believe that the scientific criteria have not been paid the close attention in the planning, using and the construction of those sports centres, and they also believe that the law of the clubs is a great obstacle in supplying source to the clubs; therefore, the company is essential. The administrators also support the common organizations of the volunteer organi-zations. In the end, the difference between the opinions of the administrators in terms of the statute of the administra-tors, their level of the education and the seniority, has not been found out meaningful. DISCUSSION This study revealed that the sports centres in Turkey were not enough for the ones who want to play sports and there hasn't been paid close care on the planning of those centres, and on scientific criteria and regional needs. The structuring of the sports organisations according to local management principles was highly supported.
Teaching physical education and sports activities are among the indispensable occupations of our time. Sports, apart from being an occupation of entertainment and free time, have also a function that ...develop health and contributes joy and happiness to the participants' daily lives. Physical education and sports activities have become signs of contemporariness. In Turkey, the average beginning age for children's participation in many or team or individual sport activities is between ages 8 and 12. This is also the average age level that most children start to participate in school Physical Education and Sport courses. Physical Education is not an elective course. It therefore is a core course and Turkey has a national physical education teaching program. Despite the fact physical education teachers are educated in various public and private physical education programs, the core of the curriculums are very similar. All of the Physical Education Teacher Education programs for the eight-year mandatory elementary schools are monitored and constituted through the ministry of education. While entire P.E. curriculums for education teachers are administrated centrally and monitored by the ministry of education, there are few special programs that training and preparing quality physical education and sports teachers to teach high level physical education and sports courses at 8-year compulsory basic education institutions. The effectiveness of the current programs that applied at most of compulsory basic education institutions of eight years is a significant concern of this study. The purpose of this research is to determine to what extent the physical education teacher training programs that are currently used by those universities are effectively and successfully training preparing physical education teachers to teach at compulsory eight-year elementary schools.
Long-term BVRI photometric light curves of the pre-main sequence stars V977 Cep and V982 Cep during the period from 2000 October to 2016 August are presented. The stars are located in the vicinity of ...the reflection nebula NGC 7129. Our photometric data show that both stars exhibit strong photometric variability in all optical passbands, which is typical for Classical T Tauri stars. Using our observational data we analyze the reasons for the observed brightness variations. In the case of V977 Cep we identify previously unknown periodicity in its light curve.
The purpose of this study was to examine incidents of sexual harassment by trainers, administrators, spectators, etc. directed at elite sportswomen from different branches. The 356 sportswomen ...participants voluntarily took part in this study. They completed a twenty-item questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The Alfa reliability coefficient was found to be 0.86. The data collected were analyzed through SPSS program and data relations were examined via a chi-square test. The significance level was p<0.05. The findings of the study revealed that 200 out of 356 sportswomen stated that they had been sexually harassed. The most frequent time of harassment was found to be after games or training, and the most frequently occurring location of harassment was the sports center. The relationship between branch groups, age, educational background, and the sexual harassment was found to have p<0.05 significance. The relationship between years of experience in sports, marital status, the gender of the trainer, and sexual harassment were found to be insignificant (p>0.05). The overall findings of this study show that elite sportswomen from different branches are exposed to sexual harassment. This supports the related literature.
PDF
