The proposed marine facilities at Udangudi in Tamil Nadu is located in the Gulf of Mannar, with Sri Lanka on the east and peninsular of India to the west. The overall marine facility consists of 8 km ...approach trestle, 555 m jetty & 915 m island breakwater. The objective of this 3D model is to verify the roundhead section which is subjected to waves approaching from a different direction. The tests are conducted in 1:56.52 model scale in Lanka Hydraulic Institute, Srilanka for two wave directions: 180 and 150 degrees wrt North. The model study is carried out for 18.5m water depth with 50% length, as shown below, considering the symmetry. The test series consists of 7 tests for each direction with wave heights and periods corresponding to various return periods, including two tests to assess the stability of the toe during low water conditions.
Kanyakumari is coastal town which is the southernmost tip of India (8° 04′ 42.93″ N and 77° 33′ 17.55″ E). Kanyakumari is one of the most popular tourist attraction of India known for its scenic ...sunrise, sunset and also for the two offshore iconic structures namely Vivekananda Rock memorial and Thiruvalluvar Statue. These iconic structures were built over existing offshore rocks in the year 1970 and 2000 respectively. These structures are individual structures 400 m apart and located 500 m from Kanyakumari coast. At Vivekanadha rock memorial tourist experience the preaching of Swami Vivekanadha and are also attracted towards the serenity that they get in the meditation hall located on Vivekananda rock. Thiruvalluvar Statue lies adjacent to Vivekanadha rock which is a 133-feet (40.6 m) tall stone sculpture of the Tamil poet and philosopher Thiruvalluvar, author of the Thirukkural, an ancient Indian work on secular ethics and morality. More than 20 lakhs tourists visit these two attractions every year and it is expected that this number will grow in upcoming years. The tourists can reach the Vivekananda rock memorial and Thiruvalluvar statue only by passenger boats which are operating by M/s Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited (PSC). They own three passenger ferry which can carry 150 passengers per boat per trip. In a day they are ferrying about 10,000 passengers. There are berths at each rock for boarding and deboarding of passengers. The length of the jetty length are 35 respectively. The ferries are 21 m long, 6.3 m wide and with a loaded draft of 1.8 m. Since the jetty at Vivekananda rock is only 37 m long, it is possible for only one boat to be berthed at a time and this is causing idling of two ferry at sea and also long queue to passengers at the rock jetty as well as at the shore jetty. This long queue is turning down many tourists to visit these rocks due to the long waiting time. Tamil Nadu Maritime Board had appointed Dept. of ocean Engineering, IIT Madras to explore the possibility of extending the passenger jetty at Vivekananda Rock so that two more vessels can be berthed thereby increasing the number of ferry services and thus making space for more people to visit the Vivekananda rock without much waiting time.
Hirakud Dam Jetty for Different Water Level Ranganathan, Sundaravadivelu; Sundaravadivelu, Sakthivel; Velusamy, Esakkimuthu
OCEANS 2022 - Chennai,
2022-Feb.-21
Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
This paper highlights the options for providing safe transportation for the people in the Hirakud reservoir area. The full reservoir level is (+) 192.024m and dead storage level is (+) 179. 830m.The ...main purpose of the project to develop the water transport which may help to cross the water body through government launches and private boats. The project is designed to operate 100 DWT Vessel. The length, width and draft are 32m, 7m and 2m respectively for transporting 100 standing passengers with bus. The Ro-Ro jetty is proposed for the construction of jetty at reservoir area with straight approach jetty, sloping approach jetty and floating pontoon.
The east coast of Odisha is continuously exposed to severe cyclonic storms and rough weather during the southwest monsoon. The beach near the Gopalpur has been prone to severe erosion for the past ...two decades. The shoreline erosion is 5m per decade. The average beach slope of 1:10 is recorded between HTL and LTL. The beach slope varies from 1:10 (non-monsoon) to 1:6 ( monsoon). The beach steepness is classified under a moderate slope. The beach sediments are of medium to coarse sand with a mixture of rare earth soil particles. The rare earth particles are heavier by their specific gravity and remain retained. The fine sediments are removed by the wave breaking at the nearshore. The mode of erosion is a cross shore erosion that happens due to beach slope, sea bed friction, and the nonavailability of beachfront for wave breaking. This paper discusses the design details, stability analysis using Plaxis, scour depth estimate, cost estimate, etc.
Offshore breakwater design involves different design aspects such as offshore wave height, 100 year wave return period, storm surge, global sea level rise, structural stability, economic viability ...and the construction feasibility. For the present study a offshore breakwater, located at 8 km away from the shore is proposed to protect marine facilities located in the Gulf of Mannar. The main objective of this study is to design a offshore breakwater and to ascertain the hydraulic stability of the breakwater against design and overload waves using physical model study. The proposed offshore breakwater facilitates to cater for larger vessels up to 185,000 DWT. Design water level is -18.0 m Chart Datum (CD) with a crest height of +8.4 m CD and toe berm at -6.0 m CD respectively. The hydraulic stability of the proposed breakwater was validated for the 100% design return waves and for an overload of 120% of waves against the analytical design parameters chosen. The proposed breakwater cross section was subjected to a 2D physical model test in order to assess the stability of armour layer, overtopping discharge, transmission coefficient and toe stability during high and low water levels. The cross-section has a crest width of 4.1m and top level of +8.4 m CD, accommodating 17 rows of 4 m³ Accropode on the sea side slope (1:1.33) and toe top level of -6.0 m CD. The rear side armour consists of 3 layers of 1-3 tonnes rock armour placed in a slope of 1:1.5. The breakwater trunk section at -18 m CD bed level was tested in the 2D flume. The 2D model setup was constructed on a scale of 48.36 for the model study. The 2D model study shows negligible damage in all stability aspects. Hence the final cross section is finalised for the onsite construction.
The southeastern tip of Pamban Island, Dhanushkodi, is one of the unique attractions of Rameswaram. It is located around 20 km away from Rameswaram. The town of Dhanushkodi is surrounded by the Bay ...of Bengal on one side and the Indian Ocean on the other side. The railway line from Pamban Station to Dhanushkodi was destroyed in the 1964 cyclone, so by then, the rail transportation facility for Dhanushkodi was stopped. A new railway line and an embankment between Rameswaram to Dhanushkodi are proposed to increase better connectivity. The proposed railway line is highly environmentally sensitive to ocean waves and the geotechnical properties of soil. The conventional earthen embankment is not a viable solution due to the non-availability of usable soil nearby. At the same time, an elevated railway corridor is quite expensive. Considering the extreme waves, soil characteristics, and usable landmass, a Gabion reinforced railway embankment is proposed for a height of +8.5 m from Cart datum. This embankment is exposed to both the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal region. Gabion reinforced embankments are designed to encounter the extreme wave forces on both facings as well such structures require minimal foundation width for feasible construction. Gabion reinforced embankments are economical, good in wave energy dissipation, quicker construction. Gabions with facia tails are designed for extreme wave forces, and the geotechnical stability of the same is also checked numerically. The combined hydrodynamic forces and monolithic stability of the structure are satisfactory.
The coast of Cuddalore is located in the south east coast (11.7073° N, 79.7428°E) of India bordering Bay of Bengal. The coast is characterized by the presence of few estuaries and inlets. The ...Cuddalore port is located at the confluence point of two rivers namely Uppanar and Paravanar. The port was earlier used as an anchorage port. The port has good potential to handle multipurpose cargo and is strategically located in between two major ports Chennai and Tuticorin. The deep counter of 10m is available around 1100m from the shoreline.
This paper highlights the needs of RO-Pax jetty and allied infrastructure connecting Kaninali in Bhadrak district & Talachua in Kendrapara District. The main purpose of the project to develop the ...water transportation facilities to the people of Odisha & tourist to cross the Dhamra River with proper infrastructure facility and also provides commercial/ business activities to the local people in shortest time by reducing a road distance of 200 km from Talachua to Dhamara. The project is designed to operate 300 DWT Vessel. The proposed Ro-Pax jetty can handle RO - Pax ferries of size 65m X 19m X 1.5m draft that accommodate 60 passengers, 10 Light motor vehicle and 20 motor bikes to facilitate the inhabitants of local village. The Ro-pax jetty is proposed to be constructed at Dhamra River with approach jetty, Landing Jetty, Main Jetty, Gangway and floating pontoon with guide piles.
A berthing structure is a port and harbour structure to which the vessel is securely berthed and moored. The design of berthing structures depends on various factors such as vessel characteristics, ...embedded soil/rock, the berthing velocity which depends on site and berthing conditions. The behaviour of the berthing structure for different grades of embedded rocks and different berthing velocities is studied through numerical analysis using STAAD PRO. In order to carry out conceptual design the embedment length of pile is to be assumed. The fixity depth and embedment length for piles in rock is assumed based on the requirements of long flexible piles as per IS 2911 Part 1/Sec2. The berthing force for different berthing velocity corresponding to site and berthing condition as per IS 4651 code and analysis of pile supported berthing structure for five grades of weathered rocks are carried out. For each type of rock, as the berthing velocity increases, the increment in diameter of the pile is more compared to the increment in the length of the pile. For each berthing velocity, as quality of rock increases, decrement in the embedded length of pile is more compared to decrement in diameter which leads to decreased slenderness ratio of pile and less lateral deflection of pile. The design charts are also developed for fixity depth, embedment depth, percentage of steel, diameter of pile etc satisfying the crack width limit for berthing structure with four rows of pile considering all possible load combination.
The coastline of Kannyakumari or Cape Comorin (8 0 4.1' N 77 0 33.05'E to 8 0 13.01'N 77 0 14.02'E) bordering Arabian Sea is located southwest of the Indian peninsula. Fishing is the main occupation. ...During southwest monsoon from June to September, coast experiences high waves. Moreover coast has steep slope resulting in breaking of waves on the coast causing erosion. Because of this fishing operations are almost coming to a halt. This coast of Tamilnadu has its coastline oriented along East-west direction along its west coast bordering Arabian Sea. The coast is dominated by alongshore littoral drift and onshore-offshore transport. Here river Tampraparani confluences with Arabian Sea and to improve fishing facility harbor is proposed at the confluence point. The project was completed in 2013 with slight modifications which has resulted a highly complicated entrance condition. The details of observations, estimation of sediment transport and remedial measures suggested are highlighted in the paper.
