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Purpose : Up to now, there are several controversies in many aspects of osteochondritis dissecans. In this paper, we have intended to evaluate the frequent location and the etiology of the ... osteochondritis dis-secans of the femoral condyles, and to assess the adequate modality of operative treatment and its results according to the modality. Materials and Methods : We reviewed retrospectively forty-four knees in forty patients. We analysed their clinical and radiological finding to take the incidence at both condyles and its etiology and to estab-lish the modality of applied operative methods according to the status of the lesion. The performed opera-tive methods were multiple drilling(1 case), fragment fixation(2 cases), curettage& multiple drilling(36 cases), osteochondral autotransplantation(5 cases). The majority of these operation was proceeded under arthroscopy. Its clinical results were assessed by Aichroth’s result grading system after an average follow-up of two-years and eleven months(range, one year and two months to six years and one month). Results : Twenty one cases were medial femoral condylar lesions, and 23 cases were lateral. 91% patients had had the history of the definitive trauma(20 cases) or the minor repetitive trauma in their envi-ronments(20 cases). After operative treatment, seven knees had an excellent result; twenty-nine, a good result; six, a moderate result; and two, a poor result. Satisfactory result was 82%. Conclusion : On the basis of this review, we suggest that there is no difference in incidence between both femoral condyles, and that the trauma is seemed to play a major role as an etiologic factor. Majority of operated patients showed satisfactory results after application of our treatment modality. več

We inserted self-expandable metallic stents in 16 patients with primary intrahepatic stones for the correction of intrahepatic strictures after complete rensoval of intrahepatic stones. All the ... patients had previous history of abdominal operations for removal of intrahepatic stones. The criteria from insertion of expandable metallic stents was recurrent stenosis after successful balloon dilatation. Inserted metallic stents were Gianturco-Rosch stents (24F) and the stents were inserted via T-tube or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) track, In the fallow-up period of average 12 months (9-15 months), 14 patients (88%) out of 16 patients had relief of pruritus and improvement of liver function. But two patients with secondary biliary cirrhosis showed no improvement of clinical symptoms and signs. In conclusion, these findings suggest that expandable metallic stents will be useful in the management of intrahepatic stricutures, which recurred after successful balloon dilatation, in the patients with primary intrahepatic stones. več

碩士 國立交通大學 電信工程系所 97 In this thesis, a novel model-based prosody conversion method for Mandarin speech is presented. In the training phase, the source and target speech datasets are first analyzed by ... the A-PLM method to label all utterances with prosody tags and to construct their own prosodic models; then, a mapping function is built to relate the prosodic phrase structure of the two speakers. Two schemes of building mapping function are proposed. Scheme 1 builds a linear mapping function to relate the source and target prosodic states. No parallel training datasets are needed. Scheme 2 builds a probabilistic mapping function to relate the source and target prosody tags. A set of parallel data is required to train the mapping function. In the conversion phase, the source utterance is first analyzed by the A-PLM method. The labeled prosody tags are then converted to the target prosody tags by the mapping function. The transformed syllable pitch contour, duration and energy level is lastly generated by the targ več

碩士 國立中正大學 通訊工程研究所 91 Genomic DNA sequences can been represented as long text data composed of alphabets A, C, T and G. These sequences present visualization challenges due to their length and ... complexity. In this paper, we proposed a visual technique called VBP (Visualization by Pentahedrons) algorithm to visualize and analyze similarity of DNA sequences. Here, a Markov chain model is employed to calculate the state transition probabilities of DNA sequences and map them into four different pentahedrons. According to these four pentahedrons, a three-dimensional trajectory can be drawn to represent the formation of DNA sequence in a global view. For speeding up the similar DNA sequence search process, a content-based retrieval technique is proposed to search the similar DNA sequences against the DNA sequence database. This technique employed Peano scan method and Fourier Transformation to transfer 1D DNA nucleotide sequences into 2D far-field patterns. Then, PCA algorithm is used to extract features for effectiv več

Golden Mandarin (II) is an intelligent single-chip based real-time Mandarin dictation machine for the Chinese language with a very large vocabulary for the input of unlimited Chinese texts into ... computers using voice. This dictation machine can be installed on any personal computer, in which only a single chip Motorola DSP 96002D is used, with a preliminary character correct rate around 95% at a speed of 0.6 sec per character. Various adaptation/learning functions have been developed for this machine, including fast adaptation to new speakers, on-line learning the voice characteristics, task domains, word pattern and noise environments of the users, so the machine can be easily personalized for each user. These adaptation/learning functions are the major subjects of the paper.< > več

班級規模對教學歷程和學習成果的影響向來在教育政策和教學研究文獻中備受矚目，但臺灣目前探討班級大小和學生學習成就之關係的實徵研究十分有限。本文之研究目的有三：一、探究臺灣地區國民中學階段班級規模與學生學習成就的關聯；二、探討如果班級規模效應存在，學校的屬性（公私立）會不會影響此種效應的大小；三、探討如果班級規模效應存在，學校的所屬城鄉的都市化程度會不會影響此種效應的大小？本研究以參加2005年國中基本學力測驗的273,418名應屆畢業國三學生為對象，透過線性階層模式（Hierarchical Linear Modeling, HLM）探討班級大小、學校屬性、學校所在地都市化程度等主要變項對於學生國中基測成績的影響。研究結果發現，臺灣地區的國中，班級規模愈大，成績顯著愈高，且此種現象在公立國中比私立國中明顯，此種現象在低都市化所在地的學校較中都市化和高都市化所在學校更為明顯。這些發現與歐美各國所發現的小班效應有明顯不同，本研究提出「成就排比模型」（achievement-sorting model）來解釋相關發現, Effects of class size on teaching progress and learning performance has been one of the most important research topics in the domains of educational policies and instructional research. However, in Taiwan, only limited numbers of empirical studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between class size and learning achievement. There are three objectives of this study. The first one is to investigate the effects of junior high school class size on students learning achievement in Taiwan. Secondly, if class size might influence students learning, t

碩士 國立高雄大學 創意設計與建築學系碩士班 107 　　With the aging of the world’s population structure, it is not difficult to see that the model of long-term care service has been heading the direction of ... “non-institutional placement model,” which refers that the traditional model of institution placement is to be replaced by community care model. And community care model will be a major development trend for an aging society in the future. Through literature review and cases analysis, the paper establishes a research foundation, and takes Kaohsiung City for example. Under the circumstances that the city has been step by step becoming a hyper aging society, the society needs more space that is suitable for the activities and care for the elderly. In addition, the trend of declining birth rate in recent years has been obviously affecting the school-age population. As a result, there is a low-degree utilization of classroom space at the current stage, thus creating the problem of idleness to the classroom space of elementary schools več