Abstract
Our aim was to describe the research practices of doctoral students facing a dilemma to research integrity and to assess the impact of inappropriate research environments, i.e. exposure to ...(a) a post-doctoral researcher who committed a Detrimental Research Practice (DRP) in a similar situation and (b) a supervisor who did not oppose the DRP. We conducted two 2-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trials. We created 10 vignettes describing a realistic dilemma with two alternative courses of action (good practice versus DRP). 630 PhD students were randomized through an online system to a vignette (a) with (n = 151) or without (n = 164) exposure to a post-doctoral researcher; (b) with (n = 155) or without (n = 160) exposure to a supervisor. The primary outcome was a score from − 5 to + 5, where positive scores indicated the choice of DRP and negative scores indicated good practice. Overall, 37% of unexposed participants chose to commit DRP with important variation across vignettes (minimum 10%; maximum 66%). The mean difference 95%CI was 0.17 − 0.65 to 0.99;, p = 0.65 when exposed to the post-doctoral researcher, and 0.79 − 0.38; 1.94, p = 0.16, when exposed to the supervisor. In conclusion, we did not find evidence of an impact of postdoctoral researchers and supervisors on student research practices.
Trial registration:
NCT04263805, NCT04263506 (registration date 11 February 2020).
N-3 fatty acid deficiency affects avian embryo development and alpha-linolenic acid seems to have a basic role in ostrich. Thirty-two ostrich females, divided into 3 groups, were fed a diet without ...(group 0), with 3; (group 3) or 6; (group 6) of linseed oil, from 1 month before laying beginning until its end. The 1st, 20th, 40th and 60th egg were collected. Number of laid eggs, fertility and hatchability were recorded. Yolk fatty acid content was analyzed by gas chromatography on capillary column. Data were processed by ANOVA. Linseed oil supplementation significantly affected alpha-linolenic acid (3.86, 5.57, 7.08; for group 0, 3 and 6, respectively; P0.05), n-3 fatty acid content (4.12, 6.24, 7.81;, respectively; P0.05) and n-6/n-3 ratio (3.70, 2.83, 1.88;, respectively; P0.05). Reproductive efficiency parameters showed no significant variations. In conclusion, under our farm conditions it was possible to modulate yolk fatty acid content of ostrich egg by feeding, but reproductive performance was not positively affected
La carenza in acidi grassi n-3 influenza negativamente lo sviluppo embrionale e, in particolare, per lo struzzo l'acido linolenico sembra avere un ruolo essenziale. 32 femmine di struzzo, divise in tre gruppi, sono state alimentate con tre diete contenenti lo 0;, il 3; o il 6; di olio di lino, a partire da un mese prima dell'inizio del periodo di ovodeposizione e per tutta la sua durata. Sono stati raccolti il primo, ventesimo, quarantesimo e sessantesimo uovo e sono stati rilevati i parametri riproduttivi per ciascuna femmina: numero totale di uova deposte, percentuale di uova fertili e di uova schiuse. Attraverso gascromatografia capillare è stato analizzato il contenuto in acidi grassi della componente lipidica del tuorlo. I dati sono stati sottoposti all'analisi della varianza. La supplementazione o meno con olio di lino ha influenzato il profilo acidico; variazioni significative si sono avute per l'acido alfa-linolenico (3,86, 5,57, 7,08; per il gruppo 0;, 3; e 6;, rispettivamente; P0,05), il contenuto totale di acidi grassi n-3 (4,12, 6,24, 7,81;, rispettivamente; P0,05) e il rapporto n-6/n-3 (3,70, 2,83, 1,88;, rispettivamente; P0,05). I parametri riproduttivi non hanno mostrato variazioni significative. In conclusione, attraverso la somministrazione di olio di lino, è stato possibile modulare il rapporto fra i diversi acidi grassi, ma le performance riproduttive non hanno mostrato miglioramenti
The aim of this study was to estimate the linear and quadratic effects of the proportion of Duroc genes on traits of seasoned Parma hams by a covariance model. The study was carried out on 167 pigs ...(87 castrated males, 80 females) from different crosses among Duroc (D), Large White (LW) and Landrace (L) breeds, slaughtered at 300 d of age (LW 170 kg). All pigs were raised under similar conditions. The curing period was 380 days. The proportion of Duroc genes was 0% (LW x L: n. 33), 25% (LW x (D x L): n. 31 and L x (D x LW): n. 35 and 50% D x (LW x (LW x L)): n. 68. The increase in proportion of Duroc genes had a positive linear effect (P0.01) and a negative quadratic effect (P
Sono stati valutati, attraverso l'applicazione di un modello di analisi della covarianza, gli effetti lineari e quadratici dell'aumento della percentuale di geni della razza Duroc sulle caratteristiche dei prosciutti stagionati (durata della stagionatura tipo Parma: 380 giorni), provenienti da 167 suini (87 maschi castrati, 80 femmine), appartenenti a diversi incroci, alla cui formazione hanno partecipato le razze Duroc (D), Large White (LW) e Landrace (L), macellati a circa 300 d di età (PV 170 kg). La quota di geni della razza Duroc è risultata pari a 0% (LW x L: n. 33), a 25% (LW x (D x L): n. 31 e L x (D x LW): n. 35) e a 50% D x (LW x (LW x L)): n. 68. L'aumento della proporzione di geni Duroc porta a un aumento lineare (P0,01) e a una riduzione quadratica (P
Relationship between serum beta-lactoglobulin content during gestation and reproductive efficiency in primiparous sows Sabbioni, A.; Lavarini, M.; Beretti, V.; Sussi, C.; Summer, A.; Superchi, P.; Zanon, A. (Parma Univ. (Italy). Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Biotecnologie Veterinarie, Qualità e Sicurezza Alimentare); Baratta, M. (Turin Univ. (Italy). Dipartimento di Morfofisiologia Veterinaria)
Italian journal of animal science,
2004, Letnik:
3, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The relationship between beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) serum concentration in sows during the last 8 weeks of gestation and subsequent piglet performance was investigated in 10 Dunel gilts. Two ...classes of gilts were identified with low (150 ng/ml) or high (150 ng/ml) average serum beta-LG content. For both low and high content groups, equations were calculated to describe trends in serum beta-LG content, respectively y sub(1) = 10.07e sup(0.0237 x) (R**2 = 0.3122) and y sub(2) = 69.00e sup(0.0201x) (R**2=0.6959), where x is the number of days of gestation. Differences in serum beta-LG content between the two groups were highly significant at all weeks (P0.01 from week 8 to 6 before farrowing; P0.001 from week 5 to farrowing). No significant differences (P0.05) between groups were shown for the total number of piglets born, born alive, stillborn or mummified and piglet survival rates up until d 21 after farrowing. The group with high serum beta-LG content during gestation showed higher litter weights at d 5 (P0.05) and d 21 (P0.10) and higher estimated milk production from farrowing to d 5 (P0.10). The results indicate that serum beta-LG content during the final weeks of gestation could be used as an early indicator of reproductive efficiency and that gilts with high content could be selected to improve herd productivity
Lo scopo della ricerca, condotta su 10 scrofe primipare di ceppo Dunel, è stato quello di esaminare i rapporti esistenti fra il contenuto in beta-lattoglobulina (beta-LG) nel sangue nel corso delle ultime 8 settimane prima del parto e le performance della nidiata durante lo svezzamento. Sono state identificate due classi di scrofe, una con basso contenuto (150 ng/ml) e una con alto contenuto (150 ng/ml) di beta-LG. Per entrambi i gruppi sono state calcolate equazioni che descrivono le variazioni nel corso della parte finale della gravidanza risp.: y inf(1) = 10,07e sup(0,0237x) (R**2 = 0,3122) e y inf(2) = 69,00e sup(0,0201x) (R**2=0,6433), dove x rappresenta il n. di giorni di gravidanza. Il contenuto di beta-LG nel sangue delle scrofe è risultato diverso fra i due gruppi in corrispondenza di tutto il periodo considerato (P0,01 dall'8a alla 6a settimana dal parto e P0,001 dalla 5a al parto). Non sono emerse differenze significative (P0,05) fra i due gruppi per quanto riguarda il numero totale dei suinetti nati, nati vivi, nati morti, mummificati e i tassi di sopravvivenza fino a 21 d di età; le scrofe con alto contenuto di beta-LG hanno mostrato nidiate con pesi maggiori a 5 d (P0,05) e a 21 d (P0,10) e una maggior produzione lattea nei primi 5 d dopo il parto (P0,10). I risultati indicano che il contenuto di beta-LG nel sangue potrebbe rappresentare un utile indicatore della efficienza riproduttiva delle scrofe; quelle che presentano alti valori di beta-LG nel corso della gravidanza potrebbero essere selezionate, contribuendo così a una maggiore produttività dell'allevamento
Abstract
Replacing the bulk of grey hydrogen needed by industrial processes with a green one is one of the challenges of energy transition. In this study, the problem is analyzed from the perspective ...of a pre-determined amount of hydrogen to be delivered to hard-to-abate industries (steel mills and chemical industries) and produced by a wind farm converted or specifically installed for the scope. A hybrid configuration of the resulting energy system is figured out, considering a wind farm of twelve utility-scale turbines (2.3 MW each, for a total of 28 MW) to be coupled with alkaline-type electrolyzers, Li-Ion batteries and a hydrogen storage system. Moreover, it is assumed that the plant can also get energy grid in specific conditions, thus not producing a 100% green hydrogen in transitory periods. Specific point of strengths of the analysis are represented by the availability of several-year wind power production data, industrial performance data for the electrolyzers, whose model also accounts for performance degradation due to temperature, realistic operational constraints and variable efficiency. A battery aging model is also considered. A techno-economic analysis for different plant configurations is carried out with the aim of assessing how the systems performs form an economic and environmental point of view. Results show that is feasible to feed the plant with a constant hydrogen flow rate at a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) of 4.95 €/kg with a green index (GI) around 64%, while a configuration that may reach higher GI (70%) presents a higher LCOH (5.26 €/kg).
Factors affecting ostrich meat composition and quality Sabbioni, A.; Superchi, P.; Sussi, C.; Quarantelli, A.; Bracchi, P.G.; Beretti, V.; Zanon, A.; Zambini, E.M.; Renzi, M. (Parma Univ. (Italy). Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Biotecnologie Veterinarie, Qualità e Sicurezza Alimentare); Pizza, A.; Barbieri, G. (Stazione Sperimentale per l'Industria delle Conserve Alimentari (SSICA), Parma (Italy))
Annali della facoltà di medicina veterinaria. Università di Parma,
(2003), Letnik:
23
Journal Article
Effects of sex, type of feeding, age, pre-slaughtering rest and carcass weight on chemical composition, fatty acid content and quality parameters (colour, oxidation status, tenderness) of ostrich ...meat have been evaluated. Sex influenced meat tenderness (P0.10), as type of feeding influenced meat ash content (P0.05) and oxidation resistance. Age linearly affected meat protein content and fat quality (increasing saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio and atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, reducing PUFA). Carcass weight has never been significant. Pre-slaughtering rest affected fat content and quality (reducing saturated fatty acids and PUFA) and increased meat sensitivity to oxidative stress
Sono stati valutati gli effetti del sesso, del tipo di alimentazione, dell'età, della durata della sosta pre-macellazione e del peso della carcassa sulla composizione chimica centesimale, sul contenuto di acidi grassi e su alcuni parametri qualitativi (colore, stato ossidativo, tenerezza) della carne di struzzo. Il sesso non ha determinato variazioni significative, se si eccettua una maggior tenerezza della carne nei maschi (P0,10); la tipologia di alimentazione ha prodotto effetti sul contenuto in ceneri della carne (P0,05) e sulla resistenza all'ossidazione. Circa l'effetto dei fattori a variabilità continua inseriti nel modello, l'età è risultata linearmente associata con un aumento del contenuto proteico della carne e con variazioni della qualità del grasso (aumento del rapporto fra acidi grassi saturi e insaturi e degli indici di aterogenicità e trombogenicità, riduzione del tenore di PUFA). Il peso della carcassa non è mai risultato significativo. La durata della sosta prima della macellazione ha determinato variazioni a carico del contenuto in grasso della carne, in senso positivo, e della qualità dello stesso (riduzione del contenuto di acidi grassi saturi e di PUFA), oltre che una maggiore sensibilità della carne allo stress ossidativo
The effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation from 9 days of age until the end of post-weaning on piglets hormonal and immune responses and on growth performance were investigated. During ...lactation (days 9 to 21) and post-weaning (days 22 to 55) 10 HBI Fomeva11 × (Large White × Landrace) litters (n = 108 piglets) had ad libitum access to two standard diets, both supplemented with 0% (T0 group) or 0.1% (T1 group) of yeast extract nucleotides. BW of piglets at days 21 (P < 0.10), 35 and 55 (P < 0.05) was greater in T1 compared with T0. Feed intake was not different between groups (P > 0.05). Cortisol content was lower in T1 than in T0 at days 28 and 35 (P < 0.05), whereas growth hormone was lower at day 35 (P < 0.05). Levels of IGF-1 were similar across groups (P > 0.05). Nucleotide-supplemented diets increased lymphocyte subpopulation CD4−CD8+ʰⁱᵍʰ at days 21 and 35 (P < 0.05), whereas CD4+CD8− cells were higher in T1 than in T0 at day 21 (P < 0.05). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells cytokine expression was influenced by dietary nucleotide supplementation. At weaning, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β expression was lower (P < 0.05) in T1 compared with T0, whereas the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-10 was higher (P < 0.05). At day 28, piglets in T1 showed higher values of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression than T0 and lower values of IL-10 expression (P < 0.05). Dietary nucleotide supplementation had a suppressive effect on IL-6 and IL-10 expression (P < 0.05) at day 35. On the contrary, the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β was enhanced (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that starting a dietary nucleotide supplementation before weaning can improve the adaptive capabilities of weaned piglets to the stressors, enhancing the growth performance.
During last decades canine health and well being is becoming an important issue for human owners. In dogs, several factors including diet, pathogenic bacterial and stress conditions can affect the ...composition of the gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary chabazitic zeolitite (CZ) supplementation on the contribution of bifidobacteria to the fecal microbiota in training hunting dogs. Fecal microbiota cataloging based on 16S rRNA microbial profiling analyses highlighted an increase of
and
in animals treated with CZ, with a simultaneous decrease of pathogens associated with dog gastrointestinal infections, such as
and
. A detailed profiling of the bifidobacterial population of dogs receiving CZ based on the ITS-based sequencing approach, revealed an enhancement bifidobacterial of species typical of animals such as
and
. Moreover, these analyses identified the occurrence of putative new bifidobacterial taxa in both treated and untreated samples.
We find ourselves at a critical crossroads for the future governance of the high seas, but the perceived remoteness of the global ocean creates a psychological barrier for people to engage with it. ...Given challenges of overexploitation, inequitable access and other sustainability and equity concerns, current ocean governance mechanisms are not fit-for-purpose. This decade offers opportunities for direct impact on ocean governance, however, triggering a global transformation on how we use and protect the half of our planet requires a concerted effort that is guided by shared values and principles across regions and sectors. The aim of the series of workshops outlined in this paper, was to undertake a futures thinking process that could use the Nature Futures Framework as a mechanism to bring more transformative energy into how humans conceptualise the high seas and therefore how we aim to govern the ocean. We found that engaging with the future through science fiction narratives allowed a more radical appreciation of what could be and infusing science with artistic elements can inspire audiences beyond academia. Thus, creative endeavours of co-production that promote and encourage imagination to address current challenges should be considered as important tools in the science-policy interface, also as a way to elicit empathetic responses. This workshop series was a first, and hopefully promising, step towards generating a more creative praxis in how we imagine and then act for a better future for the high seas.
•We are at a critical crossroads for the future governance of the high seas.•We used the Nature Futures Framework to explore desirable futures for the high seas.•Creative endeavours of co-production encourage imagination to address challenges.•Participatory processes are important tools in the science-policy interface.•Stories and art can be powerful ways to overcome barriers.
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