Enlightened by the Caputo fractional derivative, the present study treats with a novel mathematical model of generalized thermoelasticity to investigate the transient phenomena for a fiber-reinforced ...hollow cylinder due to the influence of thermal shock and magnetic field in the context of a three-phase-lag model of generalized thermoelasticity, which is defined in an integral form of a common derivative on a slipping interval by incorporating the memory-dependent heat transfer. Employing Laplace transform as a tool, the problem has been transformed to the space domain, where the Galerkin finite element technique is incorporated to solve the resulting equations in the transformed domain. The inversion of the Laplace transform is carried out numerically on applying a method of Bellman et al. According to the graphical representations corresponding to the numerical results, conclusions about the new theory are constructed. Excellent predictive capability is demonstrated due to the presence of reinforcement, memory-dependent derivative, and magnetic field also.
Diverse architectures of nervous systems (NSs) such as a plexus in cnidarians or a more centralized nervous system (CNS) in insects and vertebrates are present across Metazoa, but it is unclear what ...selection pressures drove evolution and diversification of NSs. One underlying aspect of this diversity lies in the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving neurogenesis, i.e. generation of neurons from neural precursor cells (NPCs). In cnidarians, vertebrates, and arthropods, homologs of SoxB and bHLH proneural genes control different steps of neurogenesis, suggesting that some neurogenic mechanisms may be conserved. However, data are lacking for spiralian taxa.
To that end, we characterized NPCs and their daughters at different stages of neurogenesis in the spiralian annelid Capitella teleta. We assessed cellular division patterns in the neuroectoderm using static and pulse-chase labeling with thymidine analogs (EdU and BrdU), which enabled identification of NPCs that underwent multiple rounds of division. Actively-dividing brain NPCs were found to be apically-localized, whereas actively-dividing NPCs for the ventral nerve cord (VNC) were found apically, basally, and closer to the ventral midline. We used lineage tracing to characterize the changing boundary of the trunk neuroectoderm. Finally, to start to generate a genetic hierarchy, we performed double-fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) and single-FISH plus EdU labeling for neurogenic gene homologs. In the brain and VNC, Ct-soxB1 and Ct-neurogenin were expressed in a large proportion of apically-localized, EdU
NPCs. In contrast, Ct-ash1 was expressed in a small subset of apically-localized, EdU
NPCs and subsurface, EdU
cells, but not in Ct-neuroD
or Ct-elav1
cells, which also were subsurface.
Our data suggest a putative genetic hierarchy with Ct-soxB1 and Ct-neurogenin at the top, followed by Ct-ash1, then Ct-neuroD, and finally Ct-elav1. Comparison of our data with that from Platynereis dumerilii revealed expression of neurogenin homologs in proliferating NPCs in annelids, which appears different than the expression of vertebrate neurogenin homologs in cells that are exiting the cell cycle. Furthermore, differences between neurogenesis in the head versus trunk of C. teleta suggest that these two tissues may be independent developmental modules, possibly with differing evolutionary trajectories.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Spondylodiscitis refers to the infection of the intervertebral disc and osteomyelitis of the adjacent endplates, and it is uncommon in the developed world. Broad consensus indicates its incidence is ...on the rise.
The aim of this retrospective study was twofold. First, we sought to give an up-to-date incidence estimate by comparing case presentation over two time periods (1995-1999 and 2008-2011). Data from the England and Wales census in 2001 and 2011 were used for incidence estimation. The second part of this study aimed to generate management guidance from data from medical and radiographic records of the 2008-2011 patient cohort.
The incidence of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis in the local region between 2008 and 2011 was 3.67/100,000 per year, representing a 150% increase from the incidence in 1995-1999. Our data demonstrate that methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus remains the most common offending pathogen of spontaneous spondylodiscitis. The mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at >30mg/l after a month of starting antibiotic treatment in both medically and surgically managed groups.
Evidence suggests that the incidence of spondylodiscitis is on the rise. A review of our case series has demonstrated the effectiveness of intravenous antibiotic therapy. While no official guidance exists for when to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics, our study shows that CRP at 1 month is >30mg/l and we recommend 6 weeks of intravenous therapy, followed by 6 further weeks of oral therapy.
Abstract
Novel Corona Virus has spread to 188 countries around the world which made the people infected, facing moderate respiratory illness. Currently one of the major strategies to deal with ...COVID-19 and reduce community transmission of infections is the frequent use of hand sanitizers. However, a large section of common mass is unable to buy them due to higher price. Therefore, an approach has been presented here to produce cheaper sanitizers with easily available herbal ingredients like Aloe Vera gel, boiled water, surgical spirit, Glycerine etc. The estimated making cost of 100 ml of sanitizer was 16 rupees. The mass production of this sanitizer can be very effective for large scale use of sanitizers by common people.
The aim of the present contribution is the determination of the thermoelastic temperatures, stress, displacement, and strain in an infinite isotropic elastic body with a spherical cavity in the ...context of the mechanism of the two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity theory (2TT). The two-temperature Lord–Shulman (2TLS) model and two-temperature dual-phase-lag (2TDP) model of thermoelasticity are combined into a unified formulation with unified parameters. The medium is assumed to be initially quiescent. The basic equations are written in the form of a vector matrix differential equation in the Laplace transform domain, which is then solved by the state-space approach. The expressions for the conductive temperature and elongation are obtained at small times. The numerical inversion of the transformed solutions is carried out by using the Fourier-series expansion technique. A comparative study is performed for the thermoelastic stresses, conductive temperature, thermodynamic temperature, displacement, and elongation computed by using the Lord–Shulman and dual-phase-lag models.
En la estrategia de gestión integral de los recursos hídricos en México las aguas residuales han recibido escasa atención. A pesar de su centralidad en la disponibilidad y calidad del agua, y al ...extenso marco legal que las regula, una tarea pendiente es controlar su descarga, promover su reutilización de manera segura y prevenir la contaminación. Esto sugiere la pertinencia de evaluar la eficacia de la normatividad en materia de descarga de aguas residuales en el país y, especialmente, en regiones con estrés hídrico, donde incluso se compromete el derecho humano al agua y a un ambiente sano. Así, se identificó, jerarquizó y caracterizó el sistema de fuentes de esa normatividad, y se analizaron actos administrativos de control, como frecuencia de vigilancia, inspección, medidas correctivas, sanciones impuestas y denuncias presentadas de 2009 a 2018 en Baja California Sur, región que se emplea como caso de estudio. Los resultados muestran que, más que un marco legal ineficaz, hay deficiencias administrativas e institucionales para exigir el cumplimiento por parte de la autoridad, y que se carece de una política pública para la aplicación de la normatividad en cuanto a las descargas de aguas residuales. Por lo tanto, es necesario que autoridades de los tres ámbitos de gobierno evalúen y coordinen sus estrategias, y las orienten hacia los objetivos nacionales e internacionales.
Constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) provides a molecular mechanistic framework for integrative analysis of experimental molecular systems biology data and quantitative prediction of ...physicochemically and biochemically feasible phenotypic states. The COBRA Toolbox is a comprehensive desktop software suite of interoperable COBRA methods. It has found widespread application in biology, biomedicine, and biotechnology because its functions can be flexibly combined to implement tailored COBRA protocols for any biochemical network. This protocol is an update to the COBRA Toolbox v.1.0 and v.2.0. Version 3.0 includes new methods for quality-controlled reconstruction, modeling, topological analysis, strain and experimental design, and network visualization, as well as network integration of chemoinformatic, metabolomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and thermochemical data. New multi-lingual code integration also enables an expansion in COBRA application scope via high-precision, high-performance, and nonlinear numerical optimization solvers for multi-scale, multi-cellular, and reaction kinetic modeling, respectively. This protocol provides an overview of all these new features and can be adapted to generate and analyze constraint-based models in a wide variety of scenarios. The COBRA Toolbox v.3.0 provides an unparalleled depth of COBRA methods.
Genome-scale metabolic models derived from human gut metagenomic data can be used as a framework to elucidate how microbial communities modulate human metabolism and health. We present AGORA ...(assembly of gut organisms through reconstruction and analysis), a resource of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions semi-automatically generated for 773 human gut bacteria. Using this resource, we identified a defined growth medium for Bacteroides caccae ATCC 34185. We also showed that interactions among modeled species depend on both the metabolic potential of each species and the nutrients available. AGORA reconstructions can integrate either metagenomic or 16S rRNA sequencing data sets to infer the metabolic diversity of microbial communities. AGORA reconstructions could provide a starting point for the generation of high-quality, manually curated metabolic reconstructions. AGORA is fully compatible with Recon 2, a comprehensive metabolic reconstruction of human metabolism, which will facilitate studies of host-microbiome interactions.
Abstract
Background
Information on the nature and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for children in hospitals is important, but scarce.
Objectives
To analyse antimicrobial prescribing and ...appropriateness, and guideline adherence, in hospitalized children across Australia.
Patients and methods
We analysed data from the National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (NAPS) from 2014 to 2017. Surveys were performed in hospital facilities of all types (public and private; major city, regional and remote). Participants were admitted children <18 years old. Risk factors associated with inappropriate prescribing were explored using logistic regression models.
Results
Among 6219 prescriptions for 3715 children in 253 facilities, 19.6% of prescriptions were deemed inappropriate. Risk factors for inappropriate prescribing included non-tertiary paediatric hospital admission OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.20–1.55) and non-major city hospital location OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.30–1.77). Prescriptions for neonates, immunocompromised children and those admitted to an ICU were less frequently inappropriate. If a restricted antimicrobial was prescribed and not approved, the prescription was more likely to be inappropriate OR 12.9 (95% CI 8.4–19.8). Surgical prophylaxis was inappropriate in 59% of prescriptions.
Conclusions
Inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing in children was linked to specific risk factors identified here, presenting opportunities for targeted interventions to improve prescribing. This information, using a NAPS dataset, allows for analysis of antimicrobial prescribing among different groups of hospitalized children. Further exploration of barriers to appropriate prescribing and facilitators of best practice in this population is recommended.
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