Traumatic peripheral nerve damage from Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) can cause severe impairment and loss of function in the upper and lower limbs. A significant portion of acute peripheral nerve ...injuries affects the upper limb, particularly the brachial plexus. The treatment for complete brachial plexus injury may involve surgery and intensive physiotherapy to help the nerves regenerate and reinnervate the muscles. A 17-year-old male was referred to the Neurology department from a primary healthcare centre after being involved in RTA that resulted in a fall on the right-side. Investigatory findings revealed a head injury with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH), fractures of the right tibia shaft, right clavicle lateral shaft, and right lower limb. Following surgery, the patient experienced difficulty in performing movements with the right upper limb, along with pain and tingling sensations. As a result, the patient was referred to physiotherapy. During physiotherapy, the patient received sensory re-education sessions lasting 15-20 minutes each, as well as bilateral training sessions lasting 20 minutes each, for a total of four weeks. Over the course of the treatment, the patient demonstrated overall improvement in hand function, including proper grasp and opposition. This improvement was reflected in the brachial assessment tool, Upper Extremity (UE) functional index, and functional independence measure. These positive outcomes underscore the importance of early neuro-physiotherapeutic rehabilitation for patients with brachial plexus injuries, as it can significantly enhance their overall well-being and quality of life.
Highlights • We identified a subpopulation of cells expressing CD44+/Musashi-1+ stem cell markers in the gastric cancer cells with high capacity of self-renewal and proliferation. • SHH/GLI1 ...signaling is highly activated in the CD44+/Musashi-1+ cells and responsible for chemotherapy resistance. • Targeting SHH/GLI1/ABCG2 axis can be utilized to sensitize chemotherapy in gastric cancer stem cells.
Spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria through water, is a threat to global public health. Here, we report Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Fe/ZnO NPs) based solar-photocatalytic disinfection (PCD) of ...multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli). Fe/ZnO NPs were synthesized by chemical precipitation technique, and when used as photocatalyst for disinfection, proved to be more effective (time for complete disinfection = 90 min) than ZnO (150 min) and TiO
(180 min). Lipid peroxidation and potassium (K
) ion leakage studies indicated compromisation of bacterial cell membrane and electron microscopy and live-dead staining confirmed the detrimental effects on membrane integrity. Investigations indicated that H
O
was the key species involved in solar-PCD of MDR E. coli by Fe/ZnO NPs. X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy studies showed that the Fe/ZnO NPs system remained stable during the photocatalytic process. The Fe/ZnO NPs based solar-PCD process proved successful in the disinfection of MDR E. coli in real water samples collected from river, pond and municipal tap. The Fe/ZnO NPs catalyst made from low cost materials and with high efficacy under solar light may have potential for real world applications, to help reduce the spread of resistant bacteria.
Gas foil bearing rotor (GFBR) systems have received significant interest in the field of rotordynamics and vibration analysis. GFBR systems have a wide range of high-speed turbomachinery ...applications. Due to the high speed, these machines are susceptible to rigorous vibration and instability. Gas foil bearings instigate large amplitude of vibrations at startup and shut down and severe subsynchronous motions during high-speed operations. Over the years, numerous work has been done in the field of high-speed rotors supported on gas foil bearings. Significant improvement has been observed in the stability and feasibility of the GFBR systems. However, accurate model predictions of gas foil bearing still remain a challenge for its widespread usage in high-speed turbomachinery. A comprehensive review needs to be done to study the previous work and pave the way for future research. The current review is majorly divided into three sections. Firstly, various models used for the performance prediction of gas foil bearings are compiled. After that, major causes of instability that manifest during the experiments and practice with gas foil bearing supported rotors is illustrated. Lastly, the developmental attempts made to inhibit the instability is summarised. This paper presents an overall picture of the current engineering scenario and future prospects of the GFBR systems.
Site-selective functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)–H centers is challenging because of the ubiquity and strength of alkyl C–H bonds. Herein, we disclose a position-selective C(sp3)–C(sp2) ...cross-coupling reaction. This process engages C(sp3)–H bonds and aryl bromides, utilizing catalytic quantities of a photoredox-capable molecule and a nickel precatalyst. Using this technology, selective C–H functionalization arises owing to a 1,6-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process that is guided by a pendant alcohol-anchored sulfamate ester. These transformations proceed directly from N–H bonds, in contrast to previous directed, radical-mediated, C–H arylation processes, which have relied on prior oxidation of the reactive nitrogen center in reactions with nucleophilic arenes. Moreover, these conditions promote arylation at secondary centers in good yields with excellent selectivity.
Catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons to the oxygenated derivatives has been an important research area for a long time and the search for well‐defined, tunable, efficient, selective, and robust ...oxidation (pre)catalysts is still on. To further develop the applicability of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, herein we report a mixed NHC/bipyridine‐supported ruthenium(II) oxidation precatalyst, (Npy^CNHC)RuII(Npy^Npy)(CH3CN)2(PF6)(CF3SO3), 1 (Npy^CNHC=a bidentate ′2‐pyridyl‐NHC′ neutral ligand, Npy^Npy=2,2′‐bipyridine) consisting of two cis‐disposed loosely bound solvent ligands, which was successfully utilized for catalytic benzylic C−H oxidation of a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons to the corresponding ketones in 65–90 % yields with the mild sacrificial oxidant NaIO4. The ligand backbone was found to be robust under oxidizing conditions. The presence of these ligands around the ruthenium center was crucial for the system, as the known RuCl3/NaIO4 and Ru(para‐cymene)Cl22/NaIO4 combinations were proved to be completely ineffective precatalysts under similar conditions. The scope and mechanistic aspects of this precatalyst were also evaluated.
A mixed NHC/bpy (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine)‐supported ruthenium(II) oxidation precatalyst was developed for catalytic benzylic C−H oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The scope and mechanistic aspects of this precatalyst were evaluated.
•IL1α-889C/T, IL1β (-31C/T,-511A/G,+3954C/T) are significantly associated to CP risk.•IL10(-819C/T,-592C/A) associated to CP that suppresses the anti-inflammatory action.•Logistic regression analysis ...shows significant link between oral habits and CP.•The best gene-gene interaction model is IL1β + 3954C/T X IL1β-31C/T with CV of 10/10.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between seven Interleukin (IL) gene polymorphisms and their interaction with the chronic inflammatory oral disease, chronic periodontitis in Indian population.
A total of 357 study subjects (157 with chronic periodontitis and 200 with healthy control) were genotyped for IL1A -889C/T (rs1800587), IL1B -31C/T (rs1143627), IL1B -511A/G (rs16944), IL1B + 3954C/T (rs1143634), IL2 −330 T/G (rs2069762), IL4 -33C/T (rs2070874), IL6 −597 G/A (rs1800797), IL8 -251A/T (rs4073), IL10 -819C/T (rs1800871), IL10 -592A/C (rs1800872) and IL13 -1111C/T (rs1800925). Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software package SPSS v16. SNPassoc and Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction algorithm v3.0.2.
We found that the statistically significant association of IL1A-889C/T (rs1800587), IL1B -31C/T (rs1143627), IL1B -511A/G (rs16944) and IL1B + 3954C/T (rs1143634) gene polymorphisms with increased susceptibility of chronic periodontitis. The best gene-gene interaction model was IL1B(-31C/T) X IL1B(+3954C/T) X IL10(-819C/T) with 10/10 cross validation consistency. The variant allele of IL1A, IL1B, IL10 and IL13 were seemed to be linked with chronic periodontitis increased susceptibility. The results of this study also indicate that epidemiological factors especially oral habits also play an important role in the development of chronic periodontitis.
This study concludes IL1A -889C/T (rs1800587), IL1B -31C/T (rs1143627), IL1B -511A/G (rs16944), IL1B + 3954C/T (rs1143634), IL10 -819C/T (rs1800871), IL10 -592A/C (rs1800872) and IL13 -1111C/T (rs1800925) gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. This work also infers that the best interactive model comprised of IL1B and IL10 polymorphisms cumulatively increase the risk of chronic periodontitis.
Effective treatments targeting disease etiology are urgently needed for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although candidate AD genes have been identified and altering their levels may serve as therapeutic ...strategies, the consequence of such alterations remain largely unknown. Herein, we analyzed CRISPR knockout/RNAi knockdown screen data for over 700 cell lines and evaluated cellular dependencies of 104 AD-associated genes previously identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression network studies. Multiple genes showed widespread cell dependencies across tissue lineages, suggesting their inhibition may yield off-target effects. Meanwhile, several genes including SPI1, MEF2C, GAB2, ABCC11, ATCG1 were identified as genes of interest since their genetic knockouts specifically affected high-expressing cells whose tissue lineages are relevant to cell types found in AD. Overall, analyses of genetic screen data identified AD-associated genes whose knockout or knockdown selectively affected cell lines of relevant tissue lineages, prioritizing targets for potential AD treatments.
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been acknowledged as being one of the most harmful bacteria for human civilization. It is the main contributor to skin and soft tissue infections. The gram ...positive pathogen also contributes to bloodstream infections, pneumonia, or bone and joint infections. Hence, developing an efficient and targeted treatment for these illnesses is greatly desired. Recently, studies on nanocomposites (NCs) have significantly increased due to their potent antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. These NCs provide an intriguing way to control the growth of bacteria without causing the development of resistance strains that come from improper or excessive use of the conventional antibiotics. In this context, we have demonstrated the synthesis of a NC system by precipitation of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on Gypsum followed by encapsulation with Gelatine, in the present study. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to validate the presence of ZnO NPs and Gypsum. The film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The system exhibited promising antibiofilm action and was effective in combating S. aureus and MRSA in concentrations between 10 and 50 ug/ml. The bactericidal mechanism by release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was anticipated to be induced by the NC system. Studies on cell survival and in-vitro infection support the film's notable biocompatibility and its potential for treating Staphylococcus infections in the future.
Nitrogen Content in the Earth's Outer Core Bajgain, Suraj K.; Mookherjee, Mainak; Dasgupta, Rajdeep ...
Geophysical research letters,
16 January 2019, Letnik:
46, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Using first principles molecular dynamic simulations, we explore the effects of nitrogen (N) on the density and sound velocity of liquid iron and evaluate its potential as a light element in the ...Earth's outer core. Our results suggest that Fe‐N melt cannot simultaneously explain the density and seismic velocity of the Earth's outer core. Although ~2.0 wt.% N can explain the bulk sound velocity of the outer core, such N content only lowers the density of liquid Fe by ~3%. Matching both the velocity and density by the other light elements limits the N in the core to ≪2.0 wt.%. Our finding suggests that nitrogen is a minor to trace element in the Earth's core and is consistent with the geochemical mass balance with terrestrial abundance of N and alloy‐silicate partitioning data, which suggest that there cannot be significant N in the core.
Plain Language Summary
Physical properties of liquid iron cannot explain the seismological observations of density and sound wave velocities in the liquid outer core. In this study we explore the effect of light element nitrogen on the physical properties of liquid iron and provide an upper bound of the amount of nitrogen in the outer core if nitrogen were the sole light element.
Key Points
Nitrogen decreases density and enhances bulk sound velocity of liquid iron
We provide an upper bound of nitrogen in the liquid outer core
The amount of the light elements required to explain density and velocity correlates with the atomic number of the light elements
PDF
