This study tested the self-determination theory in relation to exercise participation with the aim of identifying whether degree of autonomy mediates the relationship between personality traits and ...exercise participation. One hundred gym attendees completed a questionnaire assessing Big Five personality traits, Behavioural Regulation scales, and frequency of exercise participation. As predicted by Self-Determination Theory, more autonomous forms of exercise motivation were more strongly correlated with increased exercise participation while External behavioural regulation and Amotivation were negatively correlated with exercise participation. In addition, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness predicted exercise frequency, with further analysis indicating that the Extraversion and Conscientiousness effects were mediated by Intrinsic and External motivation. Agreeableness was not mediated however, and indicates that individuals who are more self-focused are likely to engage in a more frequent exercise regime. These results help to elucidate previous contradictory findings on the effects of personality on exercise participation by emphasising the interaction of individual personality with the intrinsic motivation of a specific activity. Programs encouraging increased exercise should focus on helping participants to find intrinsically enjoyable activities and stress the importance of a certain level of self-focus in committing to a more active lifestyle if they are to succeed
Research in the field of personality is fragmented, with few attempts to unite the isolated models into a sensible whole. A type approach to personality can provide a level of analysis more conducive ...to viewing personality as an integrated whole. This thesis aimed to investigate the theoretical and practical application of the Enneagram personality typology. Study 1 involved a survey of over 400 Enneagram-aware respondents. Participants completed a questionnaire containing measures of three personality models (Big Five Traits, Schwartz's Values and Implicit Motives), as well as job attitudes and cognitions (Internal Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Job Involvement, Organisational Commitment, Turnover Intention, Job Self-efficacy and Perceived Stress). Most of the hypothesised relationships between the Enneagram and other models were supported, indicating that the Enneagram types describe coherent patterns of conscious and unconscious personality. The Enneagram predicted job attitudes and cognitions at an equivalent level to the values and motives models, though not as well as the Big Five. The general psychological literature and medical research indicate that greater selfawareness is associated with increased well-being and better coping strategies. However, the role of self-awareness in the workplace and its associated outcomes has not been extensively investigated. In Study 2, 80 volunteers took part in one of two workshops designed to improve their self-awareness: an introduction to the Enneagram or training in self-awareness tools. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the workshop in a switching replications design. The questionnaire measured the Reflection and Rumination aspects of self-awareness as well as job attitudes (Job Satisfaction, Internal Work Motivation, Job-related Well-being) and Coping Behaviours. Participants were also asked to describe the effect of the workshop in their own words to allow for qualitative analysis. Reflection was positively correlated with Well-being and Rumination was negatively correlated with Job Satisfaction. Self-awareness was also associated with increased use of Coping Behaviours. Participants reported a wide range of influences such as improvement in understanding of themselves and others, and increased confidence. The Enneagram typology is a useful tool for researchers, providing an integrative framework for models of explicit and implicit personality. For the occupational psychologist, it can predict job attitudes and provide a structure improving employee self-awareness and the associated benefits.
This thesis draws together three strands for analysis: the social, political and historical narrative of race-relations, which has framed Måori subjectivity in the 20th and early 21st century. The ...themes identified are namely, the politics of representation of Måori subjectivity from extinction, to assimilation and then to biculturalism in film in eight New Zealand films: Rewi’s Last Stand (1925/40), Broken Barrier (1952), To Love a Maori (1972), Utu (1983), Ngati (1987), Mauri (1988), Once Were Warriors (1994) and Whale Rider (2002). While this claim has its roots in some of the earlier New Zealand films, the primary area of analysis will be upon the fundamental shift from 1985 onwards on the representation and interpretation of Måori subjectivity. It is argued that this fundamental shift is influenced by two significant developments in the New Zealand context: namely the Treaty of Waitangi settlement process and the State’s adoption of the socio-political ideology of biculturalism in which to theorise race-relations.
In Experiment 1, normal subjects’ ability to localize tactile stimuli (locognosia) delivered to the upper arm was significantly higher when they were instructed explicitly to direct their attention ...selectively to that segment than when they were instructed explicitly to distribute their attention across the whole arm. This elevation of acuity was eliminated when subjects’ attentional resources were divided by superimposition of an effortful, secondary task during stimulation. In Experiment 2, in the absence of explicit attentional instruction, subjects’ locognosic acuity on one of three arm segments was significantly higher when stimulation of that segment was 2.5 times more probable than that of stimulation of the other two segments. We surmise that the attentional mechanisms responsible for such modulations of locognosic acuity in normal subjects may contribute to the elevated sensory acuity observed on the stumps of amputees.
Human IgG4: a structural perspective Davies, Anna M.; Sutton, Brian J.
Immunological reviews,
November 2015, Letnik:
268, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Summary
IgG4, the least represented human IgG subclass in serum, is an intriguing antibody with unique biological properties, such as the ability to undergo Fab‐arm exchange and limit immune complex ...formation. The lack of effector functions, such as antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity, is desirable for therapeutic purposes. IgG4 plays a protective role in allergy by acting as a blocking antibody, and inhibiting mast cell degranulation, but a deleterious role in malignant melanoma, by impeding IgG1‐mediated anti‐tumor immunity. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the interaction between IgG4 and Fcγ receptors. Despite a wealth of structural information for the IgG1 subclass, including complexes with Fcγ receptors, and structures for intact antibodies, high‐resolution crystal structures were not reported for IgG4‐Fc until recently. Here, we highlight some of the biological properties of human IgG4, and review the recent crystal structures of IgG4‐Fc. We discuss the unexpected conformations adopted by functionally important Cγ2 domain loops, and speculate about potential implications for the interaction between IgG4 and FcγRs.
In PACE (Ponatinib Ph+ ALL and CML Evaluation), a phase 2 trial of ponatinib that included patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) resistant to multiple prior tyrosine kinase ...inhibitors (TKIs), ponatinib showed deep and durable responses, but arterial occlusive events (AOEs) emerged as notable adverse events. Post hoc analyses indicated that AOEs are dose dependent. We assessed the benefit/risk ratio across 3 ponatinib starting doses in the first prospective study to evaluate a novel, response-based, dose-reduction strategy for TKI treatment. Adults with CP-CML resistant to or intolerant of at least 2 prior BCR-ABL1 TKIs or with a BCR-ABL1 T315I mutation were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to 3 cohorts receiving ponatinib 45, 30, or 15 mg once daily. In patients who received 45 or 30 mg daily the dose was reduced to 15 mg upon response (BCR-ABL1IS transcript levels ≤1%). The primary end point was response at 12 months. From August 2015 through May 2019, 283 patients were randomly assigned to the cohorts: 282 (94 per dose group) received treatment (data cutoff, 31 May 2020). The primary end point (98.3% confidence interval) was achieved in 44.1% (31.7-57.0) in the 45-mg cohort, 29.0% (18.4-41.6) in the 30-mg cohort, and 23.1% (13.4-35.3) in the 15-mg cohort. Independently confirmed grade 3 or above treatment-emergent AOEs occurred in 5, 5, and 3 patients in the 45-, 30-, and 15-mg cohorts, respectively. All cohorts showed benefit in this highly resistant CP-CML population. Optimal benefit/risk outcomes occurred with the 45-mg starting dose, which was decreased to 15 mg upon achievement of a response. This trial is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02467270.
•All 3 starting doses showed clinical benefit in patients with resistant CP-CML.•Optimal benefit/risk outcomes occurred with the 45 mg starting dose decreasing to 15 mg upon achievement of a response (≤1% BCR-ABL1IS).
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Highlights • Piperine is an alkaloid found in black pepper. • Piperine inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells without affecting the growth of normal mammary epithelial cells. • Piperine ...inhibits cell cycle progression and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. • Piperine inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 mRNA expression, as well as breast cancer cell migration. • Piperine inhibits the growth of breast cancer xenografts in immune-deficient mice.
Nearly 23 million adults ages 50–75 are overdue for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. In March 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid issued guidance that all non-urgent procedures be delayed due ...to the COVID-19 pandemic. Screening delays may have effects on the presentation of rectal cancer and the natural history of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine if procedural suspension due to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased proportion of acute presentations or more advanced stage at diagnosis for patients with rectal cancer. We conducted a single-center, retrospective review of adult patients with new or recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma from 2016–2021. We compared patients presenting before (pre-COVID) to those diagnosed after (COVID) March 1, 2020. Of 208 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer, 163 were diagnosed pre-COVID and 45 patients in the COVID group. Cohorts did not differ among age, sex, race, insurance status, marital status, rurality, or BMI. There was no difference in stage at presentation with the majority diagnosed with stage III disease (40.0% vs 33.3%, p = 0.26). Similar proportions of patients presented acutely (67.5% vs 64.4%, p = 0.71). Presenting symptoms were also similar between cohorts. On adjusted analysis, male sex, white race, and uninsured status were found to have significant impact acuity of presentation, while diagnosis before or after the onset of the pandemic remained non-significant (OR 1.25, 95% CI0.57–2.72; p = 0.59). While screening rates have decreased during the COVID pandemic, patients with rectal cancer did not appear to have an increased level of acuity or stage at presentation. These findings could result from the indolent nature of the disease and may change as the pandemic progresses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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