Our objective was to investigate the effects of prepartum metabolizable protein (MP) supply and management strategy on milk production and blood biomarkers in early lactation dairy cows. Ninety-six ...multigravida Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design study, blocked by calving date, and then assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments within block. Cows on the first treatment were fed a far-off lower MP diet MP = 83 g/kg of dry matter (DM) between −55 and −22 d before expected calving and then a close-up lower MP diet (MP = 83 g/kg of DM) until parturition (LPLP). Cows on the second treatment were fed the far-off lower MP diet between −55 to −22 d before expected parturition and then a prepartum higher MP diet (MP = 107 g/kg of DM) until calving (LPHP). Cows on the third treatment had a shortened 43-d dry period and were fed the prepartum higher MP diet from dry-off to parturition (SDHP). After calving, cows received the same fresh diet from d 0 to 14 and the same high diet from d 15 to 84. Data were analyzed separately for wk −6 to −1 and wk 1 to 12, relative to parturition. Dry matter intake from wk −6 to −1 was not different between LPHP and LPLP and increased for SDHP compared with LPLP. In contrast, dry matter intake for wk 1 to 12 postpartum did not change for LPHP versus LPLP or for SDHP versus LPLP. Compared with LPLP cows, LPHP cows had lower energy-corrected milk yield and tended to have decreased milk fat yield during wk 1 to 12 of lactation. Conversely, yields of energy-corrected milk and milk fat and protein were similar for SDHP compared with LPLP. Plasma urea N during wk −3 to −1 increased for LPHP versus LPLP and for SDHP versus LPLP; however, no differences in plasma urea N were observed postpartum. Elevated prepartum MP supply did not modify circulating total fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, total protein, albumin, or aspartate aminotransferase during the prepartum and postpartum periods. Increased MP supply prepartum combined with a shorter dry period (SDHP vs. LPLP) tended to increase whole-blood β-hydroxybutyrate postpartum; however, other blood metabolites were not affected. Taken together, under the conditions of this study, elevated MP supply in close-up diets reduced milk production without affecting blood metabolites in multiparous dairy cows during early lactation. A combination of a shorter dry period and increased prepartum MP supply (i.e., SDHP vs. LPLP) improved prepartum dry matter intake without modifying energy-corrected milk yield and blood biomarkers in early lactation cows.
Background
Recently, there have been reports of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) cytology being used for the diagnosis of various kinds of tumors. This method has also ...been adopted in the diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of EUS‐FNA cytological examination in rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) for gastric SMTs.
Methods
Retrospective analyses of the cytological specimens of EUS‐FNA in ROSE for gastric SMTs and determination of the diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐FNA combined with immunohistochemical analysis of cell blocks and surgically resected specimens were performed.
Results
A total of 110 patients were enrolled in this study. The most common cytodiagnosis was spindle cell tumor (62 patients, 55.5%), followed by negative for tumor (34 patients), and malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma (five patients each). Cell blocks were prepared for 60 of the patients (96.8%), cytologically diagnosed with spindle cell tumor. Immunohistochemical analyses using cell block revealed gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST, c‐kit+/desmin−, 49 patients) and leiomyoma (desmin+/c‐kit−, five patients). Thus, using EUS‐FNA specimens, 83.1% of GIST patients were pre‐operatively diagnosed.
Conclusions
EUS‐FNA cytological examination in ROSE for gastric SMTs aided in the collection of sufficient amounts of tumor tissues for preparing cell blocks. This method led to a high rate of accurate pre‐operative diagnosis in patients with gastric SMTs.
We report a rare case of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for further examination of ...secondary hypertension and bilateral adrenal macrotumors. Midnight serum cortisol elevation with undetectable plasma ACTH, increased 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion, and loss of the normal circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion established the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Total resection of the enlarged left adrenal gland was performed with subsequent steroid replacement. Her general condition improved but serum calcium level increased 3 weeks after surgery. PHPT was diagnosed on the basis of endocrinological examination, although imaging studies failed to detect parathyroid lesion. In summary, we believe this to be the first report of a case of AIMAH with PHPT.
We report a rare case of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for further examination of ...secondary hypertension and bilateral adrenal macrotumors. Midnight serum cortisol elevation with undetectable plasma ACTH, increased 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion, and loss of the normal circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion established the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Total resection of the enlarged left adrenal gland was performed with subsequent steroid replacement. Her general condition improved but serum calcium level increased 3 weeks after surgery. PHPT was diagnosed on the basis of endocrinological examination, although imaging studies failed to detect parathyroid lesion. In summary, we believe this to be the first report of a case of AIMAH with PHPT.
Purpose: Diagnosis for right-to-left shunt was determined by the assessment of shunt-rate, which was obtained by using 99 mTc-macroaggregated albumin. However, it is difficult to diagnose ...right-to-left shunt, using the normal level of shunt-rate measured by using conventional methods. To solve this problem, we investigated ourselves the normal level of shunt-rate. Method: We researched 20 patients with pulmonary embolism, and they didn’t have right-to-left shunt. We investigated three points for the normal level of shunt-rate. First, we examined the region of interest (ROI) area of the lungs to modify the upper level of gray scale. Second, we confirmed the difference between the whole visual field and body contour of the ROI area. Third, we examined the necessity whether we correct the background of whole body and the lungs. Result: We resulted three points. First, stable right-to-left shunt rate is got to set that the upper level of gray scale is 35%. Second, there is no significant difference between the whole visual field and body contour of the ROI area. Third, correcting background isn’t needed to get right-to-left shunt rate. The normal level of the shunt-rate was 12.6±2.8% in the condition. Conclusion: We are able to decide the optimal condition for the normal level of shunt-rate. It is important to evaluate the normal level of the shunt-rate fixed on each factor in each hospital.
A 70-year-old man, with a history of broad anterior myocardial infarction and repeated several hospitalizations due to heart failure, was referred to our institution for cardiac resynchronization ...therapy. However, as intravenous implantation of the left ventricular pacemaker lead was not possible, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) implantation. We noted broad myocardial scarring and patent grafts, along with previously bypassed left internal thoracic artery( LITA)-left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right internal thoracic artery (RITA)-D1;thus, the area suitable for implantation of the left ventricule (LV) pacemaker was believed to be restricted. Therefore, we decided to determine the viable myocardial area by using CARTO system and identify the appropriate access port positions for the subsequent VAT surgery. After the LV pacemaker lead was implanted, the recorded pacing threshold was found to be <1.2 V at 0.5 ms. Thus, the CARTO system might be useful to preoperatively identify an area suitable for surgical implantation of a LV pacemaker lead in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Sintering behavior of (Ni, Co) O was investigated measuring linear shrinkage as a function of Al2O3 addition. Morphological study was also attempted for the samples sintered at 1280°C for 10h. The ...added Al2O3 reacted with the (Ni, Co) O matrix to form (Ni, Co) Al2O4 spinel from 800 to 1200°C. The addition of Al2O3 inhibited the growth of (Ni, Co) O particles, and then decreased the linear shrinkage from 800 to 1100°C. Above 1150°C, in contrast to the constant linear shrinkage of (Ni, Co) O, (Ni, Co) O with Al2O3 showed steep linear shrinkage behavior. Furthermore, at 1400°C, the linear shrinkage for (Ni, Co) O without Al2O3 and with Al2O3 was 14 and 18%, respectively. The microstructure of the quenched samples showed that number of (Ni, Co) Al2O4 spinel precipitates decreased above 1150°C. The average grain size of the samples sintered at 1280°C for 10h decreased from 11 to 4μm with increasing Al2O3 additive from 0.5 to 8mass%; the addition of Al2O3 inhibited the grain growth of matrix in the final stage of sintering.
Sintering behavior of (Ni, Co)O ceramics with 2mass% Al2O3 having various characteristics was investigated. Characteristics of Al2O3 powder was changed by heating of a raw Al2O3 powder consisting of ...α and γ phases from 200 to 1200°C for 5h. The fraction of γ phase in the Al2O3 powder decreased remarkably at temperatures between 900 and 1100°C, the specific surface area of the Al2O3 powder decreased, and the particle size increased remarkably at temperatures between 1000 and 1100°C. The shrinking behavior of (Ni, Co)O doped with these Al2O3 powders was measured from 800 to 1400°C by TMA. In the temperature region 800 to 1100°C, the shrinkage of CN I, which was defined as (Ni, Co)O with Al2O3 treated below 1000°C, was smaller than that of CN II, which was defined as (Ni, Co)O with Al2O3 treated above 1100°C. The CN I, however, shrank drastically above 1120°C, and more extensively than CN II above 1200°C. The relative density of CN I sintered at 1300°C for 10h was more than 98%, while that of CN II was less than 95%.
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