The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the two sister species, Scandinavian willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus and Icelandic rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta, were characterized using ...next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome for willow ptarmigan was 16,677 bp long, with base composition of 30.3% A, 30.8% C, 13.3% G and 25.6% T, with a GC content of 44.1%, while for rock ptarmigan mitogenome was 16,687 bp long, with base composition of 30.2% A, 30.6% C, 13.4% G and 25.8% T, and a GC content of 44.0%. Like other Galliformes species, the mitogenomes comprised of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA and 2 non-coding regions; and control region (D-loop). All genes except ND6 and 8 tRNA were encoded on the + strand. All protein-coding genes started with ATG, except for COX1, where a GTG codon was present in both willow ptarmigan and rock ptarmigan. Phylogenetic analysis of the two novel mitogenomes with other Galliformes species demonstrates close relationship within the Tetraoninae subfamily.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus), the largest of the true falcons, was characterized using next generation sequencing. The mitogenome was 18 218 bp long, and ...comprised of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA and two non-coding regions; a control region (D-loop) harboring two tandem repeats 80 bp and 56 bp long and a pseudo-control region (ΨD-loop) with a tandem repeat 27 bp long. All genes were encoded on the + strand except ND6 and 8 tRNA genes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
3.
Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic Population Gudbjartsson, Daniel F; Helgason, Agnar; Jonsson, Hakon ...
The New England journal of medicine,
06/2020, Letnik:
382, Številka:
24
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Despite timely implementation of testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus, a contact-tracing scheme, and social-distancing measures, infection has spread in Iceland. However, there was no detected increase in ...the proportion of infected persons between March 13 and April 4, 2020.
Seven strains of thermophilic bacteria were isolated from several Icelandic geothermal areas on various carbohydrates (glucose, xylose, xylan, pectin, cellulose). Phylogenetic studies (16S rRNA) ...revealed that four of the isolates belong to the genus Thermoanaerobacterium, two to Thermoanaerobacter and one to Paenibacillus. The Thermoanaerobacterium strains had pH optima at low pH's (pH 5.0 - 6.0), the Thermoanarobacter at slightly acidic to neutral pH's (pH 6.0 - 7.0) and the Paenibacillus strain at pH 8.0. Similarly there was a clear distinction of temperature optima between the various genera; Thermoanerobacterium strains had temperature optima close to 60C, Thermoanaerobacter at 70C and the Paenibacillus at 50C. Ethanol tolerance was from low (MIC = 1.6% v/v) for Thermoanaerobacter to moderately high (MIC = 3.2% v/v) for the Thermoanaerobacterium and Paenibacillus strains. Ethanol production capacity on 20 mM of glucose and xylose showed that six of the strains produced between 1.0 to 1.5 mol-EtOH mol-l glucose and 0.4 to 1.3 mol- EtOH mol-l xylose, respectively. One strain showed much lower yields. Strain AK17 gave the best yields on glucose and xylose with 1.5 mol-EtOH mol-l glucose and 1.1 mol-EtOH mol-l xylose, respectively. Other end products analyzed in the culture broth were acetate and hydrogen but in lower amounts. Growth on 0.75 % (w/v) hydrolysates made from cellulose (Whatman paper), non inked paper, inked paper, glossy paper, saw dust and grass (Phleum pratense) resulted in good ethanol production yields for most of the strains. Strain AK17 produced 43.4 mM of ethanol from cellulose, 21.2 mM from grass, between 14.4 to 23.3 mM from the three types of paper hydrolysates and 3.2 mM from sawdust. Other strains produced less ethanol from biomass hydrolysates but its production was in correlation to lower ethanol production yields from monosugar fermentation. Other end products from hydrolysates were, as in the case of monosugar fermentation, acetate and hydrogen, but in lower amounts.
Abstract
A pressing concern in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and other viral outbreaks, is the extent to which the containment measures are halting the viral spread. A straightforward way to assess this is ...to tally the active cases and the recovered ones throughout the epidemic. Here, we show how epidemic control can be assessed with molecular information during a well characterized epidemic in Iceland. We demonstrate how the viral concentration decreased in those newly diagnosed as the epidemic transitioned from exponential growth phase to containment phase. The viral concentration in the cases identified in population screening decreased faster than in those symptomatic and considered at high risk and that were targeted by the healthcare system. The viral concentration persists in recovering individuals as we found that half of the cases are still positive after two weeks. We demonstrate that accumulation of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome can be exploited to track the rate of new viral generations throughout the different phases of the epidemic, where the accumulation of mutations decreases as the transmission rate decreases in the containment phase. Overall, the molecular signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infections contain valuable epidemiological information that can be used to assess the effectiveness of containment measures.
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