In a new Tatiana‐2 mission the measurement of transient luminous events (TLE) in the Earth atmosphere in nadir direction are planned. Near UV temporal images of TLE in millisecond scale will be ...measured together with temporal profiles in 8 channels of wide spectrum of TLE emission. Simultaneously temporal variation of electron flux at the satellite orbit will be measured. Aims of these measurements are to continue research of bright UV flashes, started in the Tatiana‐1 mission (Universitetsky–Tatiana satellite), their global distribution, their rate over oceans and continents, and their possible correlation with lunar phase. Special attention will be paid to search for correlation between UV flashes from the atmosphere and variations of electron flux in the atmosphere‐magnetosphere system.
The results of experiments onboard the
Lomonosov
satellite on observing natural and technogenic space hazards including electromagnetic transients and space debris are discussed. A new space project
...Universat-SOCRAT
being developed by Moscow State University is also discussed. The project aims to create a constellation of small satellites for real-time monitoring of the radiation environment and potentially hazardous objects of natural (asteroids, meteoroids) and technogenic origin (space debris) in near-Earth space, and such phenomena as cosmic and atmospheric gamma-ray bursts and optical and ultraviolet radiation flashes from Earth’s atmosphere.
The successful circumpolar flight of the X-ray polarimeter PoGOLite in the northern hemisphere during the summer campaign of 2013 inspired us, the team consisting mostly of students and senior ...researchers, to develop a Modular Monitor of the Cosmic Neutral Emission (MMCNE) prototype that can be flown on the high-altitude balloons to study two components of neutral emission, namely spectra of neutrons and of gamma-rays in the upper layers of Earth atmosphere. Instrument modular concept, and some of the simulated detection characteristics for the selected layout will be presented in this paper.
The academic Chibis-M microsatellite Zelenyi, L. M.; Gurevich, A. V.; Klimov, S. I. ...
Cosmic research,
03/2014, Letnik:
52, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper describes the scientific goals and design developments of the
Chibis
microsatellite platform and the Groza scientific equipment, which are aimed at studying new physical mechanisms of ...high-altitude electrical discharges in the atmosphere. A description of the Groza scientific equipment is presented, which is a united flying instrument that determines the basic requirements for the
Chibis-M
microsatellite. The problems of ground training of the space experiment, methods of launching the microsatellite in the
ISS
infrastructure into orbit, and command and telemetry control in flight, as well as the first scientific results, are presented.
Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce (GAGG) scintillators with different readout photo-sensors, a 2 × 2 matrix of four SensL ARRAY J-60035-4P-BGA silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), and a HAMAMATSU R5505-70 photomultiplier ...(PMT) have been tested for neutrons obtained from neutron generators exploiting d-d and d-t reactions. It was demonstrated that neutrons having energy 2.8 MeV produce in the detector materials the spectrum of secondary particles, which is identical to the spectrum measured under thermal neutrons of the isotope sources. The pulse height spectra detected under 14.6 MeV neutrons were found to be quite different. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) data processing technique was applied to separate neutron and γ-ray signals. The signals of secondary particles, protons, and α-particles were confidently distinguished at the strong background of the γ-rays. The results gathered open up the prospects of using the GAGG scintillator to identify neutrons generated in d-t reactions against a strong background of γ-rays.
One of the goals of the
Lomonosov
satellite designed by scientists of Moscow State University is to study the prompt emission of cosmic gamma-ray bursts. This paper describes the gamma-ray burst ...monitor in the gamma-ray range (the BDRG instrument) and the wide-field optical cameras (the SHOK instrument) for detecting both the gamma-ray burst prompt emission and its precursors.
The Slewing Mirror Telescope (SMT) was proposed for rapid response to prompt UV/optical photons from Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The SMT is a key component of the Ultra- Fast Flash Observatory ...(UFFO)-pathfinder, which will be launched aboard the Lomonosov spacecraft at the end of 2013. The SMT utilizes a motorized mirror that slews rapidly forward to its target within a second after triggering by an X-ray coded mask camera, which makes unnecessary a reorientation of the entire spacecraft. Subsequent measurement of the UV/optical is accomplished by a 10 cm aperture Ritchey-Chr`etien telescope and the focal plane detector of Intensified Charge-Coupled Device (ICCD). The ICCD is sensitive to UV/optical photons of 200-650 nm in wavelength by using a UV-enhanced S20 photocathode and amplifies photoelectrons at a gain of 10 super(4)-10 super(6) in double Micro-Channel Plates. These photons are read out by a Kodak KAI-0340 interline CCD sensor and a CCD Signal Processor with 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter. Various control clocks for CCD readout are implemented using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The SMT readout is in charge of not only data acquisition, storage and transfer, but also control of the slewing mirror, the ICCD high voltage adjustments, power distribution, and system monitoring by interfacing to the UFFO-pathfinder. These functions are realized in the FPGA to minimize power consumption and to enhance processing time. The SMT readout electronics are designed and built to meet the spacecraft's constraints of power consumption, mass, and volume. The entire system is integrated with the SMT optics, as is the UFFO-pathfinder. The system has been tested and satisfies the conditions of launch and those of operation in space: those associated with shock and vibration and those associated with thermal and vacuum, respectively. In this paper, we present the SMT readout electronics: the design, construction, and performance, as well as the results of space environment test.
At present, the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, in cooperation with other organizations, is preparing space experiments onboard the
Lomonosov
satellite. The main goal of this ...mission is to study extreme astrophysical phenomena such as cosmic gamma-ray bursts and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. These phenomena are associated with the processes occurring in the early universe in very distant astrophysical objects, therefore, they can provide information on the first stages of the evolution of the universe. This paper considers the main characteristics of the scientific equipment aboard the
Lomonosov
satellite.
Near a magnetic neutron star electromagnetic emission should undergo nonlinear electrodynamic effects in strong magnetic fields. Manifestations of this effect in detected hard emission from magnetic ...neutron stars are discussed on the base of nonlinear generalizations of the Maxwell equation in vacuum. The dispersion equations for electromagnetic waves propagating in the magnetic dipole field were obtained in the framework of these theories.
The paper presents a project of a satellite experiment on the observation of intense flashes (transients) of electromagnetic emission from the Earth's atmosphere in different spectral ranges, as well ...as the measurement of medium- and long-term dynamics of spatial distribution of fluxes of energetic charged particles in the near-Earth space. To implement the experiment, it is planned to develop a Russian-Azerbaijani small spacecraft capable of carrying a payload of up to 25-30 kg. The satellite is also expected to realize a number of technology experiments, in particular, to study the effect of space flight factors on the matrices of silicon photomultipliers. We also consider the possibility of installing a telescope for photometric observations of binary stars. The requirements to the orbit and spacecraft attitude modes, as well as to its on-board systems, are considered in accordance with the goals and objectives of the experiment. The measurement data which are planned to be obtained during this experiment will subsequently be used for various scientific and applied problems including validation of existing and development of new dynamic models of radiation in the near-Earth space, ensuring the safety of the functioning of spacecraft.
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