In 2005, there were three cervical spinal cord injuries in American football at the high school level that resulted in incomplete recoveries, and on the professional level, one death due to a ...fractured cervical vertebra. Overall, the injury rates over the past decade are much less than those seen in the late 1970s and 1980s; however, there are still approximately 7.7 catastrophic cervical spine injuries in American football that occur every year. It is important to realize that these numbers are unpredictable and that even though the athletic trainer (AT) will be faced with other, less serious injuries on a more frequent basis, they must still be prepared to manage a cervical spine injury with the utmost efficiency.
Many consequences of cerebrovascular disease are identifiable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but variation in methods limits multicenter studies and pooling of data. The European Union Joint ...Program on Neurodegenerative Diseases (EU JPND) funded the HARmoNizing Brain Imaging MEthodS for VaScular Contributions to Neurodegeneration (HARNESS) initiative, with a focus on cerebral small vessel disease.
Surveys, teleconferences, and an in-person workshop were used to identify gaps in knowledge and to develop tools for harmonizing imaging and analysis.
A framework for neuroimaging biomarker development was developed based on validating repeatability and reproducibility, biological principles, and feasibility of implementation. The status of current MRI biomarkers was reviewed. A website was created at www.harness-neuroimaging.org with acquisition protocols, a software database, rating scales and case report forms, and a deidentified MRI repository.
The HARNESS initiative provides resources to reduce variability in measurement in MRI studies of cerebral small vessel disease.
Advantages of the Prone Lachman Test Norkus, Susan A.; Swartz, Erik E.; Floyd, R.T.
Athletic therapy today,
03/2002, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Numerous clinical examination techniques can be used in the evaluation of knee injuries, with a number of these specifically designed to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). ...Some of the more common tests for ACL injury are the anterior drawer test, the Lachman test, the pivot shift test, the anterior rotary drawer test, Hughston's jerk test, the Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test, and the Noyes flexion rotation drawer test. The two tests used most often are the anterior drawer and Lachman tests.
Structured clinical question In a preterm baby of gestational age less than or equal to 34 weeks patient is ibuprofen intervention compared with indomethacin comparison intervention equally ...efficacious at treating echocardiographically proven patent ductus arteriosus and have fewer side effects outcomes? Search strategy and outcome Search engine-Cochrane library: "ductus arteriosus, patent" and "indomethacin" and "ibuprofen" (MeSH-Terms); PubMed: "ductus arteriosus, patent" and "indomethacin" and "ibuprofen" (MeSH-Terms) limit to clinical trial.
Electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry was used to measure the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in two types of tumor in vivo in C3H/HeJ mice. The pO2 in MTG-B (high hypoxic fraction) and RIF-1 ...(low hypoxic fraction) tumors was monitored prior to and at several time points after a single dose of X-ray irradiation (up to 7 days after treatment). Initial values of pO2 in RIF-1 (8.7 +/- 1.1 mm Hg; n = 14) were higher than that of pO2 in MTG-B (3.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg; n = 19). The pO2 in both types of unirradiated tumors decreased slowly with tumor growth. Irradiation of tumors had a two-phase effect on pO2: an initial sharp decrease in pO2, followed by slow reoxygenation. After a 20-Gy radiation dose, the pO2 was 2.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg at 6 h significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than in control and 3.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg at 48 h significantly higher (P < 0.02) than in control in MTG-B, and 5.4 +/- 1.2 mm Hg at 24 h and 8.2 +/- 1.0 mm Hg at 72 h in RIF-1. The time course for these changes in pO2 was found to be independent of the doses in use in this study (10, 20, and 40 Gy). The occurrence of radiation-induced changes in pO2 and the different time courses of these changes suggest that repeated monitoring of pO2 in tumors during treatment could be used to enhance the efficacy of clinical treatments.
Airborne observations of ozone, temperature and the spectral actinic photon flux for ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere April-September 1997 and January-March 2000 allow a connection to be made ...between the rate of production of translationally hot atoms and molecules via ozone photodissociation and the intermittency of temperature. Seen in the context of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics literature results from molecular dynamics simulations, the observed correlation between the molecular scale production of translationally hot atoms and molecules and the macroscopic fluid mechanical intermittency of temperature may imply a departure from Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions of molecular velocities, with consequences for chemistry, radiative line shapes and turbulence in the atmosphere, arising from overpopulated high velocity tails of the probability distribution functions (PDFs).
It is now well established that liposomes with surface associated proteins are immunogenic. Repeated administration of protein coated liposomes elicits the generation of antibodies and the ...elimination of proteoliposome increases markedly in animals `immunized' with such liposomes. This immune response compromises the therapeutic potential of liposomal formulations that rely on the use of protein- or peptide-based targeting ligands to enhance cell specificity. Strategies to suppress or inhibit such immune responses must be developed if this technology is going to prove therapeutically viable. This study evaluates whether an immune response to a protein, covalently attached to liposomes by a thioether bond between
N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP)-modified-protein and
N-(4-(
P-maleimidophenyl)butyryl) (MPB)-activated lipids, can be suppressed when the liposomes used contain the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. To assess this, the highly immunogenic protein ovalbumin was conjugated onto liposomes composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (DSPC/Chol) with sufficient poly(ethylene glycol)-modified distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) (2 mol%) to prevent liposome aggregation during protein coupling and to engender increased circulation lifetimes. The immune response to these liposomes with and without encapsulated doxorubicin was measured by: (1) monitoring liposome elimination after 3 weekly i.v. injections in C3H/HeJ mice and (2) measuring the anti-ovalbumin antibody levels by an ELISA assay. One week after a single dose of ovalbumin-coated PEG liposomes (50
μg protein/mouse) the immune response resulted in rapid elimination of a second dose of ovalbumin-coated PEG liposomes. Rapid liposome elimination was correlated to generation of high levels (>9
μg/ml plasma) of circulating anti-ovalbumin IgG. In contrast, anti-ovalbumin antibodies were not detected when the liposomes used contained doxorubicin. Plasma elimination of these drug loaded protein coated liposomes decreased following repeated weekly i.v. doses, an effect that is consistent with liposomal doxorubicin mediated suppression of phagocytic cells in the liver.
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