Long-term proteolysis of tuna by-products (head, viscera and tail) by the wide spectrum protease Protamex has been investigated and compared. After hydrolysis, two fractions (soluble aqueous phase ...and insoluble sludge) were collected. Chemical compositions of each fraction and molecular mass distributions of soluble peptides were determined. Degrees of hydrolysis obtained after 12 h of hydrolysis of head, viscera and tail were 32.3, 16.8 and 22.2%, respectively. Nitrogen recovery in the soluble fractions was 73.6% for the head, 82.7% for the viscera and 85.8% for the tail. Lipid distribution indicated that the majority of lipids remained in the sludge. Such proteolysis appears useful for the production of very different fractions: one rich in peptides of medium to small molecular mass and poor in lipids, and another one containing the insoluble proteins and the majority of lipids.
have shown sometimes worrying prevalences. This prompted us to carry out this study, which aims to assess antibiotic use practices in laying hen farms where the withdrawal period is often not ...respected. Surveys were carried out in 70 farms, 59 of which were in the Dakar region and 11 in the Thiès region. A cross-sectional survey made it possible to determine the typology of farms according to the level of hygiene and it appeared that 50% of the farms had a good level of hygiene (class 3), 24.29% an acceptable level of hygiene (class 2) and 25.71% a poor level of hygiene (class 1). The surveys also showed that supervised farms had a better level of hygiene than unsupervised farms. This level of hygiene was closely related to the occurrence of diseases and the use of antimicrobials. Among the antibiotics, Quinolones are the most used (51%), followed by the Tetracycline family (16%) in the treatment of laying hens where self-medication is practiced in 50% and the dosage was strictly respected in only 27% of the farms. A follow-up of 15 of the 70 farms surveyed was carried out to check whether the behaviour of the farmers observed during the survey persisted. This follow-up showed results similar to those obtained during the cross-sectional survey. None of the farms respected the withdrawal periods for antibiotics used during production. These results show: failures of antibiotic therapy, the risk of the appearance of antibiotic resistance, as well as the risk of antibiotic residues in eggs. We recommend the implementation of antibiotic residue monitoring in poultry farming and the sensitisation of poultry farmers to the risk of antibiotic residues in consumed eggs.
Facial recognition is applied in many sectors, including education. In fact, in engineering schools, where one of the major challenges is to train students in different sectors of activity, the ...presence of students is fundamental during these courses, unlike in faculties where attendance is not mandatory during lectures. In the face of massification in digital universities, the management of attendance and fraud during evaluations becomes fundamental to the credibility of the diplomas issued. This paper presents an artificial intelligence-based facial recognition system for attendance and fraud management in engineering schools and digital universities. Attendance and exam fraud management play a very important role in the training of learners. The use of this system saves a lot of time by eliminating the attendance management step by automating it while detecting fraud during exams. The solution consists of a student, course and schedule management application coupled with a facial recognition system. It detects the presence of learners during scheduled lessons and assessments through facial recognition.
Digital universities have been developed in several countries, particularly on the African continent, to meet the need for massification in the higher education sector. However, the lack of physical ...space is a major drawback, preventing learners from succeeding and increasing the drop-out rate compared with a conventional university. In these digital universities, learners use distance learning platforms to complete their training. For a good training, mastery of the fundamental modules is essential. With the frequent use of messaging applications, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) could promote and facilitate access to educational content and enhance their learning experience. In this article, we propose a model for integrating a chatbot that will enable learners to access training modules to increase their knowledge and master core modules through formative skills assessments. The model we propose is based on the use of Machine Learning (ML) with the Rasa open-source framework and the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) platform.
Universities in sub-Saharan Africa today face major challenges including massification that affects the quality of training. It is to meet this challenge of massification, that in favor of the ...implementation of the LMD reform, the CAMES invited all the member universities to develop open e-learning opportunities. Indeed, methods and models of teaching and learning have been disrupted by the eruption of digital: we talk about digital education or ICT for education or education. Senegal, following the Presidential Council on Higher Education and Research, decided to put ICT at the heart of the development of higher education and research to improve access to higher education and efficiency of the system. Similarly, Côte d'Ivoire is also committed to using ICTs to improve the learning and governance of its education system. In addition to the integration of ICT in the higher education system, some countries have taken the option to set up virtual universities: this is the case of Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso and from Chad. The establishment of these virtual universities has propelled research in the field of ICT and e-learning, even though before it interested research teams according to the IFIC report on ICT research in sub-Saharan Africa published in 2014. This is how we conducted research on the socialization of learners in a digital university. In this article, we offer a ToIP platform that provides call center services, SMS over IP and feedback of learners' fact sheets to reduce the dropout rate related to the isolation of actors.
This paper discusses a solution for digital universities to extend the functionality of their e-learning platforms to improve, not only their delivery model of instructional content, but also their ...way of assessing the knowledge of the students. Indeed, this paper proposes a solution for the platform of Moodle, allowing to create virtual classes, integrating the sharing and the control of screens, the transfer of files independently of their type and their size, the video, the audio, chat, different actors. This solution integrates an audio and video knowledge assessment tool for language lesson modules and enables learners to learn to communicate. Our solution is built around MSRP and WebSocket protocols, is used directly with current browsers as well as computers, smartphones and tablets. Our solution has allowed, among other things, language teachers and STEM to perform work online and face-to-face as it should without necessarily resorting to the MCQ or be obliged to modify the tests to take into account the difficulties related to the evaluation of programming and networking lessons.
Des études récentes menées au Togo ont révélé que le pays a mis en place un système de contrôle sanitaire des aliments organisé autour de la Direction de l’Elevage sous tutelle du Ministère de ...l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage et de la Pêche et que ce système bénéficie d’une législation également acceptable aux regards des standards internationaux en matière de sécurité sanitaire des aliments. Quels sont les textes législatifs et réglementaires qui traduisent cet arsenal important dans le cadre de l’inspection des produits de pêche qui est l’une des missions des services vétérinaires ? Assurent-ils une fiabilité et une efficacité du système de contrôle sanitaire des produits de pêche ? Pour répondre à ces interrogations, un état des lieux des textes législatifs et réglementaires portant sur l’inspection et le contrôle des produits de pêche a été fait suivi de leurs analyses critiques. Un total de 13 textes législatifs et règlementaires ont été recueillis et sont répartis comme suit : 02 lois, 01 décret et 10 arrêtés. Les deux (02) lois et six (06) des arrêtés sont des textes de portée générale c’est-à-dire réglementent l’inspection des denrées alimentaires de manière générale et le seul décret et quatre (04) des arrêtés sont des textes de portée spécifique c’est-à-dire des textes qui réglementent l’inspection des produits de pêche de manière spécifique. Ce travail a fait ressortir des lacunes de forme et de fond à la suite desquelles des propositions d’amélioration ont été faites à l’endroit de l’Autorité Compétente. Mots clés: Pêche, législation, inspection , Togo
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