Social Legal Consciousness or Legal Culture? H. Szilágyi, István
Public governance, administration and finances law review (Online),
02/2023, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In contemporary legal sociology research, legal culture and legal consciousness are often used as synonymous or closely related, overlapping concepts. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the ...possibility of separating the two concepts through a more in-depth analysis. The first part of the paper explores the ideological-historical connections between the two concepts and argues that the conceptual confusion between legal culture and legal consciousness that characterises contemporary legal sociology occurred in the 1970s in American legal scholarship. The concept of social legal consciousness is first discussed in the context of conceptual analysis. After a general definition of legal consciousness, the components of individual legal consciousness, the factors and mediating structures linking individual and social legal consciousness, and finally the theoretical issues of conceptualisation are discussed. The second part of the conceptual analysis focuses on the concept of legal culture. The difficulties of defining the concept are taken into account, starting from a review of the academic debate surrounding the work of Lawrence Friedman. The concept of legal culture is constructed on the basis of the criteria for conceptualisation derived from this. The core concept is culture, and the distinguishing feature is a sociological concept of law. Next, it introduces the distinction between lay and professional culture and examines the extent to which the concept of legal culture thus outlined meets the criteria set out above. The paper concludes by summarising the rationale and yields of the conceptual analysis, highlighting the dynamic relationship between legal culture and social legal consciousness.
Embarrassing Stories H. Szilágyi, István
Intersections,
2021, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
‘Legal storytelling’ is one of the most contested area of the interdisciplinary research field of ‘law and literature’, which has taken shape in the political and legal context of the United States ...originally. The proponents of ‘legal storytelling’ endeavour to ‘give voice’ to groups and minorities of disadvantageous social position by ‘telling’ – by hearing and publicizing, in fact – their stories unheard by law. However, many lawyers doubt that these everyday life, often trivial, stories carry any legally relevant content, while literati question their aesthetical value. The essay argues against these doubts leaning on the material of focus group interviews recorded in a recent research on the Hungarians’ legal consciousness. It aims to expose the important role that these everyday life stories play in legal culture on the one hand, and, on the other hand, that the analysis of these uncanonised, not-belletristic texts could be fruitful indeed. For this, the first part of the essay offers a survey on how the concept of ‘legal culture’ emerged in Hungarian legal theoretical thinking, and how the sociological researches, in which the presented ordinary stories were recorded, connected to that. After analysing several story-bits taken from two focus group participants’ narrations, the attention turns to stories told by the ‘greats’, that is by writers, and here enters Franz Kafka in the scope. The last part of the essay seeks to determine what relates the two kinds – the ordinary and the literary – of narratives and what are the differences between them. For a conclusion, it emphasizes that this essay can be seen only as an intuitive theoretical experience for using aesthetic notions in analysing empirical sociological data rather than a methodologically well-founded application of that. The basic idea of this experiment is that both law and aesthetics are permeated by moral, and social psychological constituents.
A jelen tanulmány célja a jogi kultúra és a társadalmi szintű jogtudat fogalmi relációinak elemzése. A gondolatmenet első részében áttekintést ad arról, hogy a jogi kultúra koncepciója hogyan jelent ...meg a hazai jogtörténet, összehasonlító jogtudomány és a jogszociológia – közelebbről a jogtudat-kutatások – terén. A jogi antropológiai vizsgálódások során kidolgozott ʻkultúra’ mint törzsfogalom és a ʻjog’ szociológiai fogalmának mint differentia specifica felvázolását követően tér rá a jogi kultúra fogalmának meghatározására. A koncepció jobb megvilágítása érdekében példaként a ʻprofesszionális jogi kultúra’ egy sajátos szeletének, az ügyvédség hivatási önképének egy nemrégiben végzett empirikus kutatás során készített elemzése kerül ismertetésre. Észlelve a fogalomalkotás inkonzisztenciáit és bizonyos hiányosságait, az eszmefuttatás utolsó részében visszatér annak kezdőpontjához, és kritikai vizsgálat alá veti a jogi kultúra vázolt koncepcióját. Ehhez a Lawrence Friedman által vázolt koncepció körül a nemzetközi irodalomban kialakult vita áttekintését veszi alapul. Az elemzés eredményeként az a következtetés adódik, hogy a társadalmi jogtudat fogalmát „visszavegyük”, s azt a jogi kultúra fogalmával összekapcsolva újra-értelmezzük, elszakítva azt az eredeti marxista, neo-marxista hagyománytól, melyben eredetileg gyökerezett.
Brasil was one of the founders-members of League of Nations established on 10, January,1920. In joining the league, the country aimed at two basic purposes. On the one hand Brasil desired to extend ...and strengthen its international importance and consolidate its influence. On the other hand – emphasizing the country’s importance and influence – it endeavoured to gain the status of the permanent membership of the Council of League of Nations. The application for the permanent membership was debated in different forms and in different circumstances altogether three times. As the efforts to obtain the permanent membership of the Council of League of Nations ended in failure, Brasil officially left the League of Nations on 14, June,1926. Under its charter leaving the League came into force after two years on 13, June,1928.
Brasil fue uno de los miembros fundadores de la Sociedad de Naciones, fundada el 10 de enero de 1920. Entrando en la Sociedad de Naciones, Brasil quería alcanzar los dos principales objetivos: por un lado, querría aumentar, consolidar y fortalecer su influencia y su peso internacional, por otro lado, como la manifestación de este hecho, conseguir y obtener el asiento permanente o sea convertirse en el miembro permanente del Consejo. La cuestión del miembro permanente del Consejo de Sociedad de Naciones de Brasil se planteaba tres veces en tres distintas formas y en tres distintas ocasiones. Como no tuvieron éxito las tentativas brasileñas, el país el 14 de junio de 1926 abandonó oficialmente la organización. La retirada efectiva entró en vigor el 13 de junio de 1928.El artículo analiza el proceso y las consecuencias de la salida de la Sociedad de Naciones de Brasil.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are commonly synthesized under harsh conditions yielding unprocessable powders. Control in their crystallization process and growth has been limited to studies ...conducted in hazardous organic solvents. Herein, we report a one-pot synthetic method that yields stable aqueous colloidal solutions of sub-20 nm crystalline imine-based COF particles at room temperature and ambient pressure. Additionally, through the combination of experimental and computational studies, we investigated the mechanisms and forces underlying the formation of such imine-based COF colloids in water. Further, we show that our method can be used to process the colloidal solution into 2D and 3D COF shapes as well as to generate a COF ink that can be directly printed onto surfaces. These findings should open new vistas in COF chemistry, enabling new application areas.
This paper aims to give a concise review of contemporary Hungarian researches carried out in the field of law and literature. It evokes the preliminaries form previous centurys in Hungarian legal ...philosophy, and it discusses the recent achievements by taking a closer look on the results of three subsequent symposia organized in 2006, 2008 and the previous year. In conclusion, the paper outlines the possible directions for further development of certain aspects of legal education and the critical potential of law and literature studies. Reprinted by permission of Akadémiai Kiadó
En la segunda mitad del siglo pasado tuvieron lugar cambios geopolíticos fundamentales e históricos en el mundo. En las tres regiones semiperiféricas del mundo (Europa del Sur, América Latina, Europa ...Central y Oriental) fracasaron los distintos tipos de las dictaduras autoritarias y burocráticas. Pasaron a primer plano de la política mundial los países emergentes, particularmente el grupo de los países de BRICS. En América Latina se terminó la época de los estados de excepción y se inició el proceso de democratización y el establecimiento de los sistemas políticos democráticos híbridos. Acabó el mundo bipolar e inició el proceso de la construcción del mundo multipolar. Simultáneamente con estos procesos y fenómenos, en los últimos años ha sido reconsiderado el concepto del subimperialismo, elaborado por Ruy Mauro Marini en la década de los 70. Se plantea la cuestión: ¿qué vigencia tiene el concepto y pensamiento de Ruy Mauro Marini en nuestros días y se puede entender este concepto para describir e interpretar los procesos y fenómenos de medio siglo después? Cómo podemos caracterizar a Brasil: ¿es un subimperialismo y/o una gran potencia?
This essay aims to explore the political and legal philosophical layers of J.R.R. Tolkien's masterpiece. First, it demonstrates the ambivalent feature of power and authority appearing in The Lord of ...the Rings. The second part gives a reading of Tolkiens philosophical anthropology. Next, it is shown how Tolkiens concept of law can be placed in the framework of a Lockean political theory. Finally, the paper discusses the educational potential of this literary work in the process of moral and legal socialization of the lawyers-to-be. Reprinted by permission of Akadémiai Kiadó
On May 2004, eight post-socialist countries (the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary and Latvia) became full members of the European Union. The negotiations for ...accession to the European Union of these countries –and with them, the Hungarian accession– started in 1998 in Brussels and ended in December 2002 in Copenhagen with the signing of the Act Relative to the Conditions of Accession and the Adjustments of the Treaties of the European Union. The fifth enlargement of the European Union, this time to the East, became a priority in the agenda of the Union on the second half of the nineties, but its system of more general political conditions was conditioned by the changes in international relations generated by the disappearance of the bipolar world system and the collapse of real socialism. This article will examine the background and the external and internal conditions of the accession of Hungary to the European Union; will address the political and constitutional implications of accession for Hungary; will analyze the country's global integration into the European Union institutions and policies; will try to explain the Hungarian contribution to the strengthening of European integration; and will finally address issues of democratic deficit and the role played by Hungary in the European Union.
El primero de mayo de 2004 ocho países postsocialistas (la República Checa, Eslovaquia, Polo-nia, Eslovenia, Estonia, Lituania, Hungría y Letonia) se convirtieron en miembros de pleno derecho de la Unión Europea. Las negociaciones para la adhesión a la Unión Europea de estos países –y con ellos, la de Hungría– comenzaron en 1998 en Bruselas y terminaron en diciembre de 2002 en Copenhague con la firma del Acta Relativa a las Condiciones de Adhesión, y las adaptaciones de los Tratados de la Unión Europea. La quinta ampliación de la Unión Europea –esta vez hacia el Este– fue prioritaria en la agenda de la Unión a partir de la segunda mitad de los noventa, aunque su sistema de condiciones políticas más generales estuvo condicionado por los cambios acaecidos en las relaciones internacionales, la desaparición del sistema bipolar mundial y el colapso del socialismo real. Este artículo examinará los antecedentes y las condiciones generales exteriores e interiores de la adhesión de Hungría a la Unión Europea; se ocupará de las consecuencias político-constitucionales de la adhesión para Hungría; analizará la inserción del país en la Unión Europea; tratará de explicar la contribución húngara al reforzamiento de la integración europea; y abordará finalmente las cuestiones del déficit democrática y el rol jugado por Hungría en la Unión Europea.
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