Motility of pathogenic protozoa depends on flagella (synonymous with cilia) with axonemes containing nine doublet microtubules (DMTs) and two singlet microtubules. Microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) ...within DMTs influence axoneme stability and motility and provide lineage-specific adaptations, but individual MIP functions and assembly mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we show in the sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei, that FAP106, a conserved MIP at the DMT inner junction, is required for trypanosome motility and functions as a critical interaction hub, directing assembly of several conserved and lineage-specific MIPs. We use comparative cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) and quantitative proteomics to identify MIP candidates. Using RNAi knockdown together with fitting of AlphaFold models into cryoET maps, we demonstrate that one of these candidates, MC8, is a trypanosome-specific MIP required for parasite motility. Our work advances understanding of MIP assembly mechanisms and identifies lineage-specific motility proteins that are attractive targets to consider for therapeutic intervention.
The physiology and behavior of social organisms correlate with their social environments. However, because social environments are typically confounded by age and physical environments (i.e., spatial ...location and associated abiotic factors), these correlations are usually difficult to interpret. For example, associations between an individual's social environment and its gene expression patterns may result from both factors being driven by age or behavior. Simultaneous measurement of pertinent variables and quantification of the correlations between these variables can indicate whether relationships are direct (and possibly causal) or indirect. Here, we combine demographic and automated behavioral tracking with a multiomic approach to dissect the correlation structure among the social and physical environment, age, behavior, brain gene expression, and microbiota composition in the carpenter ant Camponotus fellah. Variations in physiology and behavior were most strongly correlated with the social environment. Moreover, seemingly strong correlations between brain gene expression and microbiota composition, physical environment, age, and behavior became weak when controlling for the social environment. Consistent with this, a machine learning analysis revealed that from brain gene expression data, an individual's social environment can be more accurately predicted than any other behavioral metric. These results indicate that social environment is a key regulator of behavior and physiology.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Inuvialuit have always created culture through our/their living and land-based practices. For us, making culture means doing, practicing, and sharing activities and songs and country food, on the ...land and in town, together with our families and communities. These layers of history are embedded in the landscape of Inuvialuit Nunangat, our homeland, and in the voices of Elders past and present speaking about their knowledges and experiences. In this paper, we describe how Inuvialuit communities are practicing our living traditions today and capturing them using digital methods to produce a new Inuvialuit Living History website that celebrates the past, present, and future of our communities.
Inuvialuit have always created culture through our/their living and land-based practices. For us, making culture means doing, practicing, and sharing activities and songs and country food, on the ...land and in town, together with our families and communities. These layers of history are embedded in the landscape of Inuvialuit Nunangat, our homeland, and in the voices of Elders past and present speaking about their knowledges and experiences. In this paper, we describe how Inuvialuit communities are practicing our living traditions today and capturing them using digital methods to produce a new Inuvialuit Living History website that celebrates the past, present, and future of our communities.
