The nanocomposite of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles has attracted great interest from scientists. In this work, silver@graphene oxide (Ag@GO) nanocomposite was synthesized
via
a biological ...reduction route using
Andrographis paniculata
extract as the reducing agent. The factors affecting the material preparation, comprising AgNO
3
volume, temperature, reaction time, and the amount of GO used, were investigated to select the appropriate conditions. As a result, silver nanoparticles were indicated to successfully form spherical-shaped particles with an average size of 31.93 ± 3.42 nm at 0.8 mL of the AgNO
3
, pH 10, and 90 °C for 30 min of the reaction time with a ratio of AgNO
3
: GO = 1 : 1, corresponding to the Ag@GO-1.6 sample. Moreover, Ag@GO-1.6 showed high antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The composite also induced notable cytotoxicity against the cancerous KB cells while barely affecting the normal HEK-293 ones. Besides, Ag@GO-1.6 showed great sensing ability for H
2
O
2
with a relatively low limit of detection (2.65 μL) along with a wide detection range of 0-15 μM. Therefore, those results confirmed the potential applications of bio-synthesized Ag@GO in the medical and environmental fields.
The nanocomposite of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles with uniform particle distribution was successfully green synthesized for bioactive assessment and hydrogen peroxoide electro-sensing application.
CONTEXT Providing accurate estimates of cancer risks is a major challenge in the clinical management of Lynch syndrome. OBJECTIVE
To estimate the age-specific cumulative risks of developing various ...tumors using a large series of families with mutations of the MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 genes.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Families with Lynch syndrome enrolled between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2009, from 40 French cancer genetics clinics participating in the ERISCAM (Estimation des Risques de Cancer chez les porteurs de mutation des gènes MMR) study; 537 families with segregating mutated genes (248 with MLH1; 256 with MSH2; and 33 with MSH6) were analyzed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Age-specific cumulative cancer risks estimated using the genotype restricted likelihood (GRL) method accounting for ascertainment bias. RESULTS
Significant differences in estimated cumulative cancer risk were found between the 3 mutated genes (P = .01). The estimated cumulative risks of colorectal cancer by age 70 years were 41% (95% confidence intervals CI, 25%-70%) for MLH1 mutation carriers, 48% (95% CI, 30%-77%) for MSH2, and 12% (95% CI, 8%-22%) for MSH6. For endometrial cancer, corresponding risks were 54% (95% CI, 20%-80%), 21% (95% CI, 8%-77%), and 16% (95% CI, 8%-32%). For ovarian cancer, they were 20% (95% CI, 1%-65%), 24% (95% CI, 3%-52%), and 1% (95% CI, 0%-3%). The estimated cumulative risks by age 40 years did not exceed 2% (95% CI, 0%-7%) for endometrial cancer nor 1% (95% CI, 0%-3%) for ovarian cancer, irrespective of the gene. The estimated lifetime risks for other tumor types did not exceed 3% with any of the gene mutations.
CONCLUSIONS MSH6 mutations are associated with markedly lower cancer risks than MLH1 or MSH2 mutations. Lifetime ovarian and endometrial cancer risks associated with MLH1 or MSH2 mutations were high but do not increase appreciably until after the age of 40 years.
Incorporating smoothness constraints into feature matching is known to enable ultra-robust matching. However, such formulations are both complex and slow, making them unsuitable for video ...applications. This paper proposes GMS (Grid-based Motion Statistics), a simple means of encapsulating motion smoothness as the statistical likelihood of a certain number of matches in a region. GMS enables translation of high match numbers into high match quality. This provides a real-time, ultra-robust correspondence system. Evaluation on videos, with low textures, blurs and wide-baselines show GMS consistently out-performs other real-time matchers and can achieve parity with more sophisticated, much slower techniques.
In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the leaves extract of mango (Mangifera indica) as a green reducing agent and stabilizer. The effects of time, the AgNO3 solution ...volume, and pH on the formation of AgNPs were investigated via UV–vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results revealed that the greatest AgNPs stability was obtained with the AgNO3 volume of 300 µL, the reaction time of 30 min, and pH 10. The catalysis of organic dye reduction, colorimetric sensing, and antimicrobial activities of the fabricated AgNPs were also evaluated. Particularly, the catalysis reduction experiments confirmed a good catalysis performance of the AgNPs for decolorization of the crystal violet (CV) with a removal efficiency of 98.83 % under ultrasonic-assisted conditions, which was higher than that obtained under stirring conditions. Additionally, the fabricated AgNPs possessed good sensing performance of H2O2 and Hg(II) with a detection limit of 20.21 and 25.87 μg/L, respectively. The material also showed good antimicrobial activity, which efficaciously inhibited the growth of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungus with inhibition of over 85 %. According to the aforementioned results, the AgNPs synthesized from the Mangifera indica leaves extract can be promisingly utilized in medical and environmental treatment.
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•AgNPs were rapidly formed during 30 min of reaction at room temperature (30 °C).•Four stages of formation and growth of AgNPs over reaction time were investigated.•The catalytic reduction towards CV shows a removal efficiency of 98.83 % in 7 min.•The Hg(II) and H2O2 colorimetric sensing possess the LOD of 20.21 and 25.87 μg/L.•High antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram–positive and –negative strains.
Recent decades have cordially observed unprecedented events in the fields of photochemistry for water remediation and fine chemical production. In this study, we reported sustainable methods to ...fabricate carbon-doped zinc oxides (ZnO–C) using aqueous Garcinia mangostana peel extracts as a carbon source. Via the reinforcement of ZnO–C crystal structures with the employment of calcination techniques, ZnO–C accentuated better crystallization with average nanoparticle size of 25–70 nm. In addition to the introduction of carbon, the samples revealed the doping of heteroatoms such as N, S, and P simultaneously in ZnO structures originating from the phytochemicals in the extracts. It is observed that ZnO–C sample calcinated at 700 °C for 1 h gives out the best results for photoactivity. Moreover, the fabricated ZnO–C-700-1.0 exhibited a near complete removal towards methylene blue and malachite green, while removal of rhodamine B was 62.13% after 120 min using commercial UV light irradiation under pH 11 with the usage of 50 mg of catalyst. Further investigations of H2O2 photoproduction also validated the versatile application of the materials with the highest H2O2 evolution rate reaching 38.75 mM/g.h. The techno-economical of H2O2 production using ZnO–C reveals the scale-up viability of the process. Moreover, MB removal efficiency of 92.13% and H2O2 production of 8.83 mM/g.h were observed for the optimal ZnO–C sample under visible light irradiation. Subsequently, these results reinforce the applicability of phytoextract as a green approach to reach sustainability for synthesis and modifying the optical structure of semiconducting materials for water remediation and H2O2 production.
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•Utilization of underutilized biomass as a carbon source for the synthesis of carbon-doped ZnO.•Investigation effect of both calcination temperature and time on the structure of carbon-doped ZnO.•Application in the environmental remediation and energy provision via H2O2 production using ZnO–C with high reusability.•The techno-economical aspect of H2O2 photoproduction using ZnO–C is provided.
•Ag/GO was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation.•LAA was used as a reducing agent, which is easy to find, and eco-friendly.•AgNPs with size 17.65 ± 4.76 nm were decorated on GO.•Concentration ...and contact time significantly affect the antibacterial activity.•The antibacterial activity of Ag/GO increased when pH value was decreased.
Herein, silver/graphene oxide (Ag/GO) nanocomposite was fabricated by co-precipitation with green reducing agent and then was characterized with modern analytical techniques. The antibacterial activities were conducted via the effects of Ag/GO concentration, time, and pH. Results show that silver nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the GO sheets nanosized of 17.65 ± 4.76 nm. The antibacterial performance was optimized at pH 5.6, eradicating P. aeruginosa in 180 min at 50 µg/mL Ag/GO concentration and S. aureus in 480 min at 300 µg/mL Ag/GO. This demonstrates the potential of Ag/GO as an antibacterial nanocomposite material.
In this study, ZnO-CuO heterostructures were synthesized via a green approach using Muntingia calabura leaf extract with insights into the precursor ratio for enhanced photocatalytic performance. The ...synthesized materials were characterized by modern analytic methods, including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, which elucidated the presence of CuO nanospheres and ZnO semi-cuboids. Thanks to a lower bandgap of 2.24 eV compared to pristine ZnO (2.82 eV), better visible light absorption, and longer charge lifetime, the optimal ZC16 sample, corresponding to a Cu:Zn ratio of 1:16, achieved a hydrogen peroxide production of 350.23 μM under visible light that was further increased to 478.98 μM with oxygen aeration. In addition, ZC16 also demonstrated excellent photodegradation performance towards malachite green (95.82 %) and tetracycline (97.78 %). Disclosure into the photocatalytic mechanism of both processes revealed the significant roles of active radicals, which have proven the environmentally friendly and cost-efficient synthesis pathway of ZnO-CuO heterostructures for environmental remediation and clean energy applications.
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To investigate the efficacy and safety of Cerebrolysin and Cerebrolysin plus nootropics in the routine treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading ...cause of disability with unmet treatment needs lacking effective drug therapy. Multimodal drugs modulating stroke pathophysiology as Cerebrolysin constitute a good therapeutic option.
In this study, we assessed the effects of Cerebrolysin and Cerebrolysin plus nootropics, in comparison with other nootropic drugs alone, on functional, neurological and cognitive recovery of patients with AIS in Vietnam.
This non-interventional, controlled, open-label, prospective and multicenter study included 398 AIS patients (234 males) treated with Cerebrolysin (n=190; 20 i.v. infusions of 10 ml), other nootropics (comparator group; n=86), or a combination of both (n=122). The study primary endpoint was the modified Ranking Scale (mRS) score on day 90. Secondary endpoints included study-period change in NIHSS score; percentage of well-recovered (mRS 0-2) patients, the proportion of good NIHSS response (≥6 points) cases, and MoCA scores at day 90; and safety indicators.
Compared with other nootropics, both Cerebrolysin and combined therapy induced significant improvements (p<0.001) in: Functional recovery (mRS scores); percentage of well-recovered patients (Cerebrolysin: 81.6%; combination: 93.4%; comparator: 43.0%); neurological recovery (study- period NIHSS change); proportion of good NIHSS responders (Cerebrolysin: 77.5%; combination: 92.5%; comparator: 47.6%); and MoCA scores (Cerebrolysin: 23.3±4.8; combination: 23.7±4.1; comparator: 15.9±7.7). Compared to Cerebrolysin, combined therapy improved (p<0.01) mRS outcomes and NIHSS change, but not MoCA scores, in moderate-severe stroke (NIHSS>11) cases only. No drug-related adverse events were reported.
Cerebrolysin alone or combined with other nootropics was effective and safe in routine AIS treatment, during both acute and recovery phases, which supports its use in daily clinical practice. Others: According to the results of this multicenter study, the importance of reducing differences in the treatment regimens of AIS in Vietnam should be further emphasized.
There is a rapidly growing public awareness of mental health problems among Vietnamese secondary school students. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ...ideation, to identify related risk factors, and to explore students' own proposals for improving their mental health.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1161 secondary students in Can Tho City, Vietnam during September through December, 2011. A structured questionnaire was used to assess anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation and proposed solutions. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale.
The prevalence estimates of symptoms reaching a threshold comparable to a diagnosis of anxiety and depression were 22.8% and 41.1%, respectively. Suicide had been seriously considered by 26.3% of the students, while 12.9% had made a suicide plan and 3.8% had attempted suicide. Major risk factors related to anxiety and depression were physical or emotional abuse by the family, and high educational stress. As proposed solutions, nearly 80% of students suggested that the academic workload should be reduced and that confidential counselors should be appointed at schools. About half the students stated that the attitudes of their parents and teachers needed to change. A significant majority said that they would visit a website that provided mental health support for students.
Anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation are common among Vietnamese secondary school students. There are strong associations with physical and emotional abuse in the family and high educational stress. Academic curricula and attitudes of parents and teachers need to be changed from a punitive to a more supportive approach to reduce the risk of poor mental health. An internet-based mental health intervention could be a feasible and effective first step to improve students' mental health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Silver nanoparticles have attracted great interests widely in medicine due to its great characteristics of antibacterial activity. In this research, the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of ...a topical gel synthesized from polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, and silver nanoparticles were studied. Hydrogels with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (15 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm) were evaluated to compare their antibacterial activity, nanoparticles’ sizes, and in vivo behaviors. The resulted silver nanoparticles in the hydrogel were characterized by TEM showing the nanoparticles’ sizes less than 22 nm. The in vitro results prove that the antibacterial effects of all of the samples are satisfied. However, the in vivo results demonstrate the significant difference among different hydrogels in wound healing, where hydrogel with 30 ppm shows the best healing rate.