Zopfiellin, a novel cyclooctanoid natural product isolated from Zopfiella curvata No. 37-3, was evaluated in a 96-well microtiter assay for fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea, ...Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Fusarium oxysporum. Zopfiellin exhibited pH-dependent activity, with the most mycelial growth inhibition demonstrated at pH 5.0. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies indicated that zopfiellin undergoes structural changes with changes in pH. At pH 5.0, zopfiellin showed the greatest activity against B. cinerea (IC80 = 10 μM), C. gloeosporioides (IC80 = 10 μM), and C. fragariae (IC80 = 10 μM) and intermediate activity against C. acutatum (IC80 = 30 μM), and was not active against F. oxysporum (IC80 > 100 μM). Keywords: Fungicide; natural products; zopfiellin; Zopfiella curvata; Botrytis cinerea; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Fusarium oxysporum
The relative abundance of steam-distillable isoprenoids and other volatile compounds in leaves of glanded and glandless
Artemisia annua L. was investigated. Steam distillation of leaves bearing ...glandular trichomes yielded 0.24% essential oil on a fresh weight basis. Monoterpenes were predominant in this essential oil, of which
α-pinene (26.7%), pinocarvone (15.8%), and artemisia ketone (11.0%) were the major constituents. The essential oil distilled from glandless leaves amounted to 0.06% of fresh weight, and consisted mostly of sesquiterpenes, of which germacrene-
D (49.8%) and
β-caryophyllene (25.1%) were the major components. Only one monoterpene,
β-ocimene, present in trace amounts, was detected in the oil distilled from the glandless tissue. The sesquiterpene artemisinin, found only in the glanded biotype, is heat-labile and cannot be extracted by steam distillation, during which it decomposes into non-distillable products.
The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of Nepeta pannonica L. from Kazakhstan was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Sixty components were characterized from N. pannonica with ...1,8-cineole (28.9%), and 4aa,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (14.3%) as the major constituents. The oil of N. pannonica was more phytotoxic to bentgrass compared to lettuce seeds, with 100% growth inhibition observed at 0.3, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively.
An isolate of Fusarium solani, NRRL 18883, produces the natural phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AhG). This fungal metabolite inhibited the growth of roots (150 of 1.6 mM), but it did not have any ...in vitro inhibitory activity. The mechanism of action of AhG requires enzymatic phosphorylation by plant glycolytic kinases to yield AhG-1,6-bisphosphate (AhG-1,6-bisP), an inhibitor of Fru-1,6-bisP aldolase. AhG-1,6-bisP had an I50 value of 570 microM on aldolase activity, and it competed with Fru-1,6-bisP for the catalytic site on the enzyme, with a Ki value of 103 microm. The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of Fru-1,6-bisP is required for the formation of an essential covalent bond to zeta amino functionality of lysine 225. The absence of this hydroxyl group on AhG-1,6-bisP prevents the normal catalytic function of aldolase. Nonetheless, modeling of the binding of AhG-1,6-bisP to the catalytic pocket shows that the inhibitor interacts with the amino acid residues of the binding site in a manner similar to that of Fru-1,6-bisP. The ability of F. solani to produce a fructose analog that is bioactivated by enzymes of the host plant in order to inhibit a major metabolic pathway illustrates the intricate biochemical processes involved in plant-pathogen interactions.
Essential Oil of Dyssodia acerosa DC Tellez, Mario R; Estell, Rick E; Fredrickson, Ed L ...
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
08/1997, Letnik:
45, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Samples of the suffrutescent Dyssodia acerosa DC. were collected from the Jornada Experimental Range in south-central New Mexico, and GC/MS and retention indices were used to identify 62 components ...from the steam-distilled oil. Chrysanthenone (34.8%), limonene (14.5%), camphor (12.3%), α-pinene (6.8%), sabinene (4.3%), camphene (3.9%), (E)-β-ocimene (2.5%), 1,8-cineole (2.2%), myrcene (2.0%), and cis-sabinene hydrate (1.6%) were the major components of the steam-distilled oil. Keywords: Dyssodia acerosa; Asteraceae; essential oil composition; chrysanthenone; limonene; camphor
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by
mosquitoes, which causes Chikungunya fever. Three CHIKV genotypes have been identified: West African, East-Central-South African and Asian. ...In 2014, CHIKV was detected for the first time in Mexico, accumulating 13,569 confirmed cases in the following three years. Studies on the molecular diversification of CHIKV in Mexico focused on limited geographic regions or investigated only one structural gene of the virus. To describe the dynamics of this outbreak, we analyzed 309 serum samples from CHIKV acute clinical cases from 15 Mexican states. Partial NSP3, E1, and E2 genes were sequenced, mutations were identified, and their genetic variability was estimated. The evolutionary relationship with CHIKV sequences sampled globally were analyzed. Our sequences grouped with the Asian genotype within the Caribbean lineage, suggesting that the Asian was the only circulating genotype during the outbreak. Three non-synonymous mutations (E2 S248F and NSP3 A437T and L451F) were present in our sequences, which were also identified in sequences of the Caribbean lineage and in one Philippine sequence. Based on the phylogeographic analysis, the viral spread was reconstructed, suggesting that after the introduction through the Mexican southern border (Chiapas), CHIKV dispersed to neighboring states before reaching the center and north of the country through the Pacific Ocean states and Quintana Roo. This is the first viral phylogeographic reconstruction in Mexico characterizing the CHIKV outbreak across the country.
•A framework to create sentiment classifiers in several languages.•It produces classifier robust to typical writing errors found in micro-blogging.•It can serve as a baseline for contests.•It can ...server as a starting point to build new systems.•Its performance excels in the majority of the tested datasets.
Recently, sentiment analysis has received a lot of attention due to the interest in mining opinions of social media users. Sentiment analysis consists in determining the polarity of a given text, i.e., its degree of positiveness or negativeness. Traditionally, Sentiment Analysis algorithms have been tailored to a specific language given the complexity of having a number of lexical variations and errors introduced by the people generating content. In this contribution, our aim is to provide a simple to implement and easy to use multilingual framework, that can serve as a baseline for sentiment analysis contests, and as a starting point to build new sentiment analysis systems. We compare our approach in eight different languages, three of them correspond to important international contests, namely, SemEval (English), TASS (Spanish), and SENTIPOLC (Italian). Within the competitions, our approach reaches from medium to high positions in the rankings; whereas in the remaining languages our approach outperforms the reported results.
Bones are the third most common location for solid tumor metastasis affecting up to 10% of patients with solid tumors. When the spine is involved, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are frequently ...affected. Access to spinal lesions can be through minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or traditional open surgery (OS). This study aims to determine which method provides an advantage. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Inventory for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to identify studies that compare MIS with OS in patients with spinal metastatic disease. Data were analyzed using Review Manager ver. 5.3 (RevMan; Cochrane, London, UK). Ten studies were included. Operative time was similar among groups at -35.23 minutes (95% confidence interval CI, -73.36 to 2.91 minutes; p=0.07). Intraoperative bleeding was lower in MIS at -562.59 mL (95% CI, -776.97 to -348.20 mL; p<0.00001). OS procedures had higher odds of requiring blood transfusions at 0.26 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.45; p<0.00001). Both approaches instrumented similar numbers of levels at -0.05 levels (95% CI, -0.75 to 0.66 levels; p=0.89). We observed a decreased need for postoperative bed rest at -1.60 days (95% CI, -2.46 to -0.74 days; p=0.0003), a shorter length of stay at -3.08 days (95% CI, -4.50 to -1.66 days; p=0.001), and decreased odds of complications at 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.96; p=0.03) in the MIS group. Both approaches revealed similar reintervention rates at 0.65 (95% CI, 0.15 to 2.84; p=0.57), effective rates of reducing metastasis-related pain at -0.74 (95% CI, -2.41 to 0.94; p=0.39), and comparable scores of the Tokuhashi scale at -0.52 (95% CI, -2.08 to 1.05; p=0.41), Frankel scale at 1.00 (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.68; p=1.0), and American Spinal Injury Association Scale at 0.53 (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.37; p=0.19). MIS appears to provide advantages over OS. Larger and prospective studies should fully detail the role of MIS as a treatment for spine metastasis.
Essential oil of Flourensia cernua DC Tellez, M.R; Estell, R.E; Fredrickson, E.L ...
The Journal of essential oil research,
11/1/1997, Letnik:
9, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The leaf oil of Flourensia cernua DC. collected from the Jornada Experimental Range in southcentral New Mexico was analyzed. GC/MS and retention indices were used to identify 89 components. ...beta-Eudesmol (24.5%), alpha-eudesmol (6.9%), limonene (6.6%), gamma-eudesmol (4.6%), myrcene (3.8%), borneol (3.3%), and delta-3-carene (3.0%) were the major components of the steam distilled oil. In an ethanol extract of intact leaves, flourensadiol (44.6%), artemisia alcohol (5.5%), viridiflorol (2.7%), and borneol (2.0%) were the main components
To investigate the association of plasma levels of endocannabinoids with fecal microbiota.
Plasma levels of endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as their ...eleven analogues, and arachidonic acid (AA), were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 92 young adults. DNA extracted from stool samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lipopolysaccharide levels were measured in plasma samples.
Plasma levels of endocannabinoids and their analogues were not related to beta or alpha diversity indexes. Plasma levels of AEA and related N-acylethanolamines correlated positively with the relative abundance of
genus (all rho ≥ 0.26,
≤ 0.012) and
genus (all rho ≥ 0.22,
≤ 0.036), and negatively with the relative abundance of
genus (all rho ≤ -0.23,
≤ 0.031). Moreover, plasma levels of 2-AG and other acylglycerols correlated positively with the relative abundance of
(all rho ≥ 0.24,
≤ 0.020) and
genera (all rho ≥ 0.27,
≤ 0.011), and negatively with the relative abundance of
genus (all rho ≤ -0.24,
≤ 0.023). In participants with high lipopolysaccharide values, the plasma levels of AEA and related N-acylethanolamines, as well as AA and 2-AG, were negatively correlated with plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (all rho ≤ -0.24,
≤ 0.020).
Plasma levels of endocannabinoids and their analogues are correlated to specific fecal bacterial genera involved in maintaining gut barrier integrity in young adults. This suggests that plasma levels of endocannabinoids and their analogues may play a role in the gut barrier integrity in young adults.
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