Resumo: Uma vasta literatura recente na área de economia comportamental tem investigado como a pobreza afeta a tomada de decisão financeira, considerando vieses cognitivos no processo decisório ...individual. No Brasil, há pouquíssimos trabalhos empíricos que abordam a influência de vieses cognitivos na tomada de decisão das famílias pobres. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar empiricamente como as famílias pobres tomam decisões em relação à poupança. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo a partir de uma amostra intencional não probabilística em assentamentos rurais no norte do estado de Tocantins. Como estratégia para coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com responsáveis da unidade familiar. Conclui-se que a baixa capacidade de aspiração e o viés do presente, potencializados pela condição de pobreza, comprometem severamente a capacidade de poupança e a tomada de decisão em relação ao futuro dessas famílias. As escolhas feitas perpetuam sua condição de pobreza. Desse modo, algumas lições e sugestões são extraídas do estudo para o aprofundamento de pesquisas futuras e o aprimoramento do desenho de políticas.
Abstract: A vast recent literature in the area of behavioral economics has investigated how poverty affects financial decision-making, considering cognitive biases in the individual decision-making process. In Brazil, there are very few empirical studies that address the influence of cognitive biases on poor families' decision-making. This paper aims to empirically assess how poor families make savings decisions. Field research carried out from an intentional non-probabilistic sample in rural settlements in the northern state of Tocantins. As a strategy for data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with heads of the family unit. It is concluded that the low capacity to aspire and the present bias, enhanced by the condition of poverty, severely compromise the ability to save and make decisions regarding the future of these families. Their choices perpetuate their condition of poverty. In this way, some lessons and suggestions are extracted from the study to deepen future research and improve policy design.
Previous studies have demonstrated remarkable tropism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward malignant gliomas, making these cells a potential vehicle for delivery of therapeutic agents to ...disseminated glioblastoma (GBM) cells. However, the potential contribution of MSCs to tumor progression is a matter of concern. It has been suggested that CD133
GBM stem cells secrete a variety of chemokines, including monocytes chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1/CXCL12), which could act in this tropism. However, the role in the modulation of this tropism of the subpopulation of CD133
cells, which initiate GBM and the mechanisms underlying the tropism of MSCs to CD133
GBM cells and their effects on tumor development, remains poorly defined.
We found that isolated and cultured MSCs (human umbilical cord blood MSCs) express CCR2 and CXCR4, the respective receptors for MCP-1/CCL2 and SDF-1/CXCL12, and demonstrated, in vitro, that MCP-1/CCL2 and SDF-1/CXC12, secreted by CD133
GBM cells from primary cell cultures, induce the migration of MSCs. In addition, we confirmed that after in vivo GBM tumor establishment, by stereotaxic implantation of the CD133
GBM cells labeled with Qdots (705 nm), MSCs labeled with multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) conjugated to rhodamine-B (Rh-B) (MION-Rh), infused by caudal vein, were able to cross the blood-brain barrier of the animal and migrate to the tumor region. Evaluation GBM tumors histology showed that groups that received MSC demonstrated tumor development, glial invasiveness, and detection of a high number of cycling cells.
Therefore, in this study, we validated the chemotactic effect of MCP-1/CCL2 and SDF-1/CXCL12 in mediating the migration of MSCs toward CD133
GBM cells. However, we observed that, after infiltrating the tumor, MSCs promote tumor growth in vivo probably by release of exosomes. Thus, the use of these cells as a therapeutic carrier strategy to target GBM cells must be approached with caution.
The Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an endemic arbovirus in South American countries, where it is responsible for sporadic outbreaks of Mayaro fever. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, ocular ...pain, rash, myalgia, and debilitating and persistent polyarthralgia. Understanding the mechanisms associated with MAYV-induced arthritis is of great importance due to the potential for its emergence, urbanization and dispersion to other regions.
15-day old Balb/c mice were infected by two distinct pathways, below the forelimb and in the rear footpad. Animals were observed for a period of 21 days. During this time, they were monitored every 24 hours for disease signs, such as weight loss and muscle weakness. Histological damage in the muscles and joints was evaluated 3, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days post-infection. The cytokine profile in serum and muscles during MAYV infection was evaluated by flow cytometry at different post-infection times. For pain analysis, the animals were submitted to the von Frey test and titre in different organs was evaluated throughout the study to obtain viral kinetics.
Infection by two distinct pathways, below the forelimb and in the rear footpad, resulted in a homogeneous viral spread and the development of acute disease in animals. Clinical signs were observed such as ruffled fur, hunched posture, eye irritation and slight gait alteration. In the physical test, both groups presented loss of resistance, which was associated with histopathological damage, including myositis, arthritis, tenosynovitis and periostitis. The immune response was characterized by a strong inflammatory response mediated by the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and INF-γ and chemokine MCP-1, followed by the action of IL-10 and IL-4 cytokines.
The results showed that Balb/c mice represent a promising model to study mechanisms involved in MAYV pathogenesis and for future antiviral testing.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
INTRODUCTION The passion fruit (Passiflora edulis L.) has as its birthplace tropical America and high relevance to the Brazilian fruticulture, once Brazil is the largest sour passionfruit producer ...and consumer in the world, being its fruits utilized as much to juice, sweet and sauces production as in natural consumption. Since this is a fruit culture in highlight into the national market, it very important to attempt on all cultivation aspects, from cultivar choose, seedlings production, crop handling until its harvest and commercialization, to thereby being optimized its production chain procedures. According to Melo and Tavares (2001), to a good passion fruit seedlings production, it must have to attempt to the utilized substrate characteristics, being important its organic matter content, adequate nutrients concentration, and good aeration, besides being pathogenic agents free. ...the commercial substrates generally do not provide organic sources mostly, beyond being costly to the producer. ...it is indispensable the creation and test of new quality and unexpansive mechanisms to seedlings production. According to Ishimura (2004), the bokashi possess several favorable characteristics on the agriculture, once afford rapid nutrients release, assists on soil physics aspects, as its structure maintenance, besides also support in some diseases and pest's prevention and control, once it has a microorganism's broad range, introduced with the EM utilization, prepared from organism's virgin forest collected.
O objetivo central deste artigo é investigar as características determinantes do perfil da população que vive em extrema pobreza no Brasil e analisar as mudanças ocorridas entre 2012 e 2019, período ...marcado por uma forte recessão econômica. Utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua, fez-se o uso de regressões Logit que demonstram quais perfis sofreram mais os efeitos da queda na renda das famílias em termos de chance de se estar vivendo abaixo da linha da extrema pobreza. Os resultados apontam que pessoas mais jovens, negros, mulheres chefes de família, moradores das Regiões Norte e Nordeste e pessoas com menor grau de escolaridade registraram aumento demasiado nas chances de cair na extrema pobreza durante o período. Há necessidade de implantação e aperfeiçoamento de políticas públicas focadas especialmente nos grupos mais vulneráveis.
•Curzerene showed antileishmanial activity in vitro to L. amazonensis;•Curzerene exhibited selectivity indexes (SI) greater than reference drugs;•Curzerene induced apoptosis in promastigotes ...forms;•Curzerene reduced the infection index of macrophages by L. amazonensis;•Curzerene increased TNF-α, IL-12, NO and lysosomal volume and reduced IL-10 and IL-6 levels.
Leishmaniasis is a set of infectious diseases with high rates of morbidity and mortality, it affects millions of people around the world. Treatment, mainly with pentavalent antimonials, presents significant toxicity and many cases of resistance. In previous works we have demonstrated the effective and selective antileishmanial activity of Eugenia uniflora L. essential oil, being constituted (47.3%) by the sesquiterpene curzerene. Considering the high rate of parasite inhibition demonstrated for E. uniflora essential oil, and the significant presence of curzerene in the oil, this study aimed to evaluate its antileishmania activity and possible mechanisms of action. Curzerene was effective in inhibiting the growth of promastigotes (IC50 3.09 ± 0.14 µM) and axenic amastigotes (EC50 2.56 ± 0.12 µM), with low cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 macrophages (CC50 83.87 ± 4.63 µM). It was observed that curzerene has direct effects on the parasite, inducing cell death by apoptosis with secondary necrotic effects (producing pores in the plasma membrane). Curzerene proved to be even more effective against intra-macrophage amastigote forms, with an EC50 of 0.46 ± 0.02 µM. The selectivity index demonstrated by curzerene on these parasite forms was 182.32, being respectively 44.15 and 8.47 times more selective than meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B. The antiamastigote activity of curzerene was associated with immunomodulatory activity, as it increased TNF-α, IL-12, and NO levels, and lysosomal activity, and decreased IL-10 and IL-6 cytokine levels detected in macrophages infected and treated. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that curzerene is an effective and selective antileishmanial agent, a candidate for in vivo investigation in models of antileishmanial activity.
O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) tem sido objeto de vários estudos em economia aplicada. O programa se consolidou e assumiu centralidade na política social brasileira, mas ainda sim, há poucos estudos ...sobre a efetividade do programa no combate à pobreza no meio rural de acordo com as especificidades das regiões do país. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o perfil socioeconômico dos beneficiários rurais do PBF do meio rural na região Norte do Brasil. Utilizando os dados do CadÚnico do Ministério da Cidadania, os resultados apresentam uma quantidade expressiva de famílias em situação de extrema pobreza. A pesquisa revela as precárias condições de vida dos beneficiários do programa, sobretudo no que se refere à carência ou o não acesso aos bens públicos essenciais. Assim, conclui-se que o PBF se mostra insuficiente para atender as necessidades básicas das famílias rurais no sentido de criar oportunidades sociais e econômicas para que as mesmas escapem da armadilha da pobreza.
Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and the fibrolytic enzymes β-glucanase and xylanase were applied to chopped sugarcane to study their effects on the nutritive value of silage. Sugarcane was mechanically ...harvested after 14 mo of growth and treated without (control) or with L. buchneri at a theoretical application rate of 5 × 10(4) cfu/g, 1 × 10(5) cfu/g, or 1 × 10(5) cfu/g plus enzymes. Forage was packed into farm-scale bag silos (40 t/silo) and stored for 92 d. Fifty-six bulls (32 Nellore and 24 Charolais × Nellore) were housed in 20 collective pens and fed diets comprising (dry matter DM basis) 458 g/kg sugarcane silage and 542 g/kg concentrates for an 84-d period. Treated silages had higher concentrations of acetic acid and lower concentrations of ethanol. Total mixed rations (TMR) containing inoculated silages exhibited significantly lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and, consequently, higher in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD). Thus, animals fed TMR containing treated silages spent less time chewing per day and per kilogram of DM intake (DMI), even at higher DMI levels. Nonetheless, the intake of NDF was similar across treatments (0.77 to 0.79 kg/100 kg BW) but markedly lower than the value reported for traditional forages. Average daily gain was significantly greater for animals fed TMR based on inoculated silages due to the higher DMI (14% on average) and the higher energy content of the diets, as indicated by the higher feed efficiency (12% on average). The dose of inoculants used and the addition of fibrolytic enzymes had no significant effects on silage parameters or animal performance. Therefore, inoculation of L. buchneri during sugarcane ensilage can alter the fermentation pattern by increasing acetic acid yield, reducing silage nutrient losses, and improving feed efficiency by bulls.
Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de una intervención pedagógica para mejorar la calidad en el trato que brindan los prestadores de servicios de salud en regiones indígenas. Material y métodos. Se ...diseñó una metodología didáctica con enfoque crítico-constructivista dirigida a personal de salud que atiende a población indígena en cinco entidades de México. Resultados. Entre 09/2016 a 01/2020 se capacitó a 1 825 trabajadores de la salud que deconstruyeron las creencias que determinan prácticas de discriminación y maltrato durante la atención a la salud de los usuarios indígenas. La intervención logró un aprendizaje significativo transformador de las valoraciones y prácticas sociales, con propuestas para evitar cualquier forma de maltrato y garantizar el trato digno. Conclusiones. Para la construcción de un sistema de salud universal y equitativo, es necesario incluir intervenciones que actúen sobre las creencias determinantes de las prácticas de discriminación y maltrato en los servicios de salud hacia grupos sociales vulnerables.
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