Članak polazi od činjenice da svaka civilizacija i kultura svjedoče o smislu i vrijednosti životinja u svagdanjem čovjekovu životu i u osmišljavanju njegove egzistencije. Autor uzima u obzir samo ...nekoliko životinja, njih osam, neke u parovima, a neke pojedinačno, i to samo one koje hodaju po zemlji. Svaka od njih stoji u naslovu rada s istaknutim karakteristikama i čini po jedno poglavlje. Životinje koje su uzete u razmatranje uzete su na temelju opusa sv. Ambrozija. Inače, crkveni oci poslužili su se životinjama i njihovim oznakama za naviještanje i otkrivanje Božjega mističnoga plana preko stvorenja. Simbolika životinja upućuje na usku povezanost zemaljske i nadnaravne stvarnosti, prije svega s kristološkim simbolizmom.
The article starts with the fact that every civilization and culture testify to the meaning and value of animals in man’s everyday life and in devising his existence. The author considers only a few animals, eight of them, some in pairs and some individually, and only those walking on the earth. Each of them stands in the title of the paper together with prominent characteristics and forms one chapter. The animals taken into consideration were selected based on the opus of St. Ambrose. The Church Fathers used animals and their features to proclaim and reveal God’s mystical plan through creation. The symbolism of animals indicates a close connection between earthly and supernatural reality, primarily with Christological symbolism.
This article was written on the occasion of the 1600th anniversary of the death of St. Jerome, and it deals with Jerome’s letters, that is, some Christian messages in those letters. In the first ...part, the saint places emphasis on building one’s own personality and relationship with God. As a lover of Sacred Scripture, Jerome confesses before God; he encounters God within himself and in the interpretation of Scripture, and all those who are lazy to know God and the mystery of the Word are subjected to his criticism. The second part of the paper deals with emphasizing mutual cooperation within the church community, primarily among priests, deacons, monks. In this context, the value of friendship and peacekeeping among church officials is an overriding topic for Jerome. The third part is dedicated to the dignity and role of women. The fact is that Jerome’s life and work are marked by communication with women. These are primarily widows, nuns, girls, mothers, wives, rich and respectable Roman citizens. The author wishes to point out that all of Jerome’s correspondents, directly or indirectly, clearly or dimly, mirror the mentioned Christian messages.
The article implicitly addresses the Church as an institution and organization, while it directly and more explicitly presents those that make a part of Church hierarchy, bishops and presbyteries. To ...better present and understand the existence and mission of bishops and presbyters, it was necessary, at least briefly, to highlight the very nature of the Church.The author divides the article in three chapters. In the first chapter, he represents the Church that has had its roots in the Old Testament and found its fullness and foundations in the Person of Jesus Christ. She has been present in God’s plan since the Old Testament times when the prophets announced her in images.In the second chapter, the author discusses the office of bishops in the early Church. This part addresses what the Church Fathers said about bishops, and their role and place within the early Church, and how particular councils and synods have defined them. The author brings the Church Fathers’ personal reflections and understanding of the office of bishop as well as certain canons that have emerged as the fruit of bishop’s collegiality and unity.The third chapter talks about presbyters. The author first presents the role of presbyter in the early Church, and then indicates the developmental path from terminology itself to the area of action at particular times in the life of the Church. The presbyter is put in a co-relationship with the bishop, he is dependent on him, but in time, due to new circumstances, he has gained a certain autonomy within the community. The author also emphasizes the importance of formation and education of church officials in areas of theology and morals.
Autor članak dijeli u dva dijela. U prvom dijelu obrađuje temu pokore u njezinu povijesnom razvoju od samih početaka Crkve pa do kraja petoga stoljeća. U razmatranje je uzet niz društvenih zbivanja ...na pozornici ondašnjega vremena koji će utjecati na antropološki i teološki vid pokore. Svijest o prisutnosti nastaloga grijeha u vjerničkom životu nakon krštenja sve će više nukati Crkvu na traženje rješenja toga problema. Pronalazak odgovora za pitanje »novonastaloga« grijeha Crkva vidi u sve tješnjoj suradnji sa Svetim pismom i tradicijom. Oni su pravi
izvor Božjega milosrđa, oproštenja i spasenja koji se postižu kroz put sakramenta pokore, a on je potreban i obvezan. U drugom dijelu autor donosi primjer prakse pokore u milanskoj Crkvi. Milanski biskup Ambrozije suočavao je samoga sebe sa svojim grijesima, pojedince i cijelu zajednicu. Osobno je bio svjestan potrebe čovjekova obraćenja i Božjega milosrđa i nije oklijevao to osobno iskustvo prenijeti čak ni na političke vladare. U tom dijelu ističe se iskustvo grješnosti milanske vjerničke zajednice iz četvrtoga stoljeća te oblik pokore sa svim njezinim dijelovima.
The author divided the article in two parts. The first part discusses the theme of penance in its historical development from the very beginning of the Church until the end of the fifth century. The consideration includes a series of social events on the stage of that time, that would affect the anthropological and theological aspect of penance. The awareness of the presence of sin in the life of believers after baptism will increasingly encourage the Church to seek solutions to this problem. The Church sees the answer to the question of the »newly-created« sin in the closer cooperation with the Holy Scripture and tradition. They are the true source of God’s mercy, forgiveness and salvation that are gained through the sacrament of penance, which is needed and mandatory. In the second part, the author gives an example of the practice of penance in the Church of Milan. Bishop Ambrose of Milan had faced himself with his sins, individuals, and the entire community. He was personally aware of man’s need of repentance and God’s mercy and he did not hesitate to convey this personal experience even to the political rulers. This part emphasizes the experience of sinfulness of the Milan community of believers from the fourth century, and the form of confession with all its parts.
The article starts with the fact that every civilization and culture testify to the meaning and value of animals in man’s everyday life and in devising his existence. The author considers only a few ...animals, eight of them, some in pairs and some individually, and only those walking on the earth. Each of them stands in the title of the paper together with prominent characteristics and forms one chapter. The animals taken into consideration were selected based on the opus of St. Ambrose. The Church Fathers used animals and their features to proclaim and reveal God’s mystical plan through creation. The symbolism of animals indicates a close connection between earthly and supernatural reality, primarily with Christological symbolism.
Članak na indirektan način dotiče Crkvu kao instituciju i organizaciju, dok na neposredan način detaljnije pristupa predstavljanju onih koji čine dio crkvene hijerarhije, a to su biskupi i ...prezbiteri. Da bi se što bolje predstavilo i razumjelo postojanje i poslanje biskupa i prezbitera, potrebno je bilo, barem ukratko, istaknuti samu narav Crkve. Autor članak dijeli na tri poglavlja. U prvom poglavlju predstavlja Crkvu koja je imala svoje korijene u Starom zavjetu, a svoju puninu i utemeljenje pronašla je u Osobi Isusa Krista. Ona je prisutna u Božjem naumu još od starozavjetnih vremena, još kada su je proroci u slikama najavljivali. U drugom poglavlju autor se bavi biskupskom službom u prvo doba Crkve. O tome što su rekli crkveni oci o biskupima, o njihovoj ulozi i mjestu unutar prve Crkve te kako su ih definirali određeni sabori ili sinode obrađuje taj dio rada. Autor donosi osobna promišljanja i razumijevanje crkvenih otaca o biskupskoj službi, kao i određene kanone koji su nastali kao plod biskupskoga kolegijaliteta i jednodušnosti. Treće poglavlje govori o prezbiterima. Autor ponajprije predstavlja ulogu prezbitera u prvoj Crkvi, zatim naznačuje razvojni put od same terminologije pa do područja djelovanja u pojedinim trenutcima života Crkve. Prezbiter je stavljen u suodnos s biskupom, o njemu ovisi, ali s vremenom zbog novonastalih okolnosti on poprima određenu samostalnost unutar zajednice. Autor naglašava i važnost formacije i odgoja crkvenih službenika na teološkom i moralnom području.
The author divided the article in two parts. The first part discusses the theme of penance in its historical development from the very beginning of the Church until the end of the fifth century. The ...consideration includes a series of social events on the stage of that time, that would affect the anthropological and theological aspect of penance. The awareness of the presence of sin in the life of believers after baptism will increasingly encourage the Church to seek solutions to this problem. The Church sees the answer to the question of the »newly-created« sin in the closer cooperation with the Holy Scripture and tradition. They are the true source of God’s mercy, forgiveness and salvation that are gained through the sacrament of penance, which is needed and mandatory. In the second part, the author gives an example of the practice of penance in the Church of Milan. Bishop Ambrose of Milan had faced himself with his sins, individuals, and the entire community. He was personally aware of man’s need of repentance and God’s mercy and he did not hesitate to convey this personal experience even to the political rulers. This part emphasizes the experience of sinfulness of the Milan community of believers from the fourth century, and the form of confession with all its parts.
Autor članka sučeljava misao o Božjem milosrđu dvojice velikana s početka prve Crkve – Origena, odnosno origenista i Augustina. Riječ je o dvama teološko-dogmatskim promišljanjima o kozmologiji, ...antropologiji i eshatologiji na vremenskoj udaljenosti od dvjestotinjak godina. U toj nakani poslužit će Origenovo djelo Počela i Augustinovo djelo O državi Božjoj. Artikuliranjem teoloških promišljanja te dvojice velikana teološke misli autor nastoji pridonijeti zadatku Crkve u naviještanju Božjega milosrđa koje je očito prisutno od stvaranja svijeta do njegova konca. Članak je cjelina koja u sebi uključuje šest naslova, a naslovi nose imena šest hipoteza origenista, uključujući šest Augustinovih odgovora. Autor u uvodnom dijelu upoznaje čitatelje kako je pitanje vječne nagrade i vječne kazne za čovjekov život oduvijek bilo aktualno, pa i u današnjem vremenu. Vođen je ponajprije Augustinovim isticanjem hipoteza »milosrdnih origenista« i njegovim odgovorom na te hipoteze. Riječ je o sljedećim hipotezama: milosrđe s vremenitom kaznom, milosrđe bez vremenite kazne, milosrđe prema opranima Kristovim krštenjem, milosrđe prema katolicima, milosrđe prema ustrajnima u Katoličkoj crkvi i milosrđe prema milosrdnima.
In the work, the author includes twenty three Lenten Letters of Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer. Each letter makes a separate title in the work and each makes a separate unit. The article discusses ...three main themes. The first theme is the person and work of Bishop J. J. Strossmayer. In the year marking the 200th anniversary of the birth of the Bishop of Đakovo, the desire is, in an indirect way, to become familiar with his thought which he developed over the many years of his service as a bishop.
The second theme is the thought of the Church Fathers in the Lenten Letters which the bishop sent to the clergy and people of his diocese. On the one hand the emphasis is on the importance of the Early Church times, and on the other hand the emphasis is on the importance of the times for the Church in which Bishop Strossnmayer lived and worked. The intention is therefore to revive the Church Fathers and Bishop Strossmayer.
Autor je u svoj rad uključio dvadeset i tri korizmene poslanice biskupa J. J. Strossmayera. Svaka poslanica čini zasebni naslov u radu i svaka od njih čini zasebnu cjelinu. Članak ima tri osnovne ...teme. Prva tema lik je i djelo biskupa J. J. Strossmayera. U godini obilježavanja 200-te obljetnice rođenja đakovačkoga biskupa želja je na indirektan način upoznati njegovu misao koju je razvijao tijekom svoje duge biskupske službe. Druga je tema misao crkvenih otaca u korizmenim poslanicama koje je biskup upućivao svećenstvu i puku svoje Biskupije. S jedne strane naglašava se važnost vremena prve Crkve, a s druge važnost vremena za Crkvu u kojoj je živio i djelovao biskup Strossmayer. Nakana je dakle aktualizirati crkvene oce i biskupa Strossmayera. Treća tema ukazuje na crkvenu i društvenu problematiku u drugoj polovici 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća.
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