Role of the VEGF in virus‐associated cancers Tavakolian, Shaian; Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha; Namazi, Abolfazl ...
Reviews in medical virology,
January 2024, 2024-Jan, 2024-01-00, 20240101, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The role of numerous risk factors, including consumption of alcohol, smoking, having diet high in fat and sugar and many other items, on caner progression cannot be denied. Viral diseases are one ...these factors, and they can initiate some signalling pathways causing cancer. For example, they can be effective on providing oxygen and nutrients by inducing VEGF expression. In this review article, we summarised the mechanisms of angiogenesis and VEGF expression in cancerous tissues which are infected with oncoviruses (Epstein‐Barr virus, Human papillomavirus infection, Human T‐lymphotropic virus, Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus, Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus).
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequent malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. The study's goal was to construct a predictive model and nomograms to ...predict the survival of GC patients. This historical cohort study assessed 733 patients who underwent treatments for GC. The univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard (CPH) survival analyses were applied to identify the factors related to overall survival (OS). A dynamic nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of the CPH regression model. The internal validation of the nomogram was evaluated by Harrell's concordance index (C-index) and time-dependent AUC. The results of the multivariable Cox model revealed that the age of patients, body mass index (BMI), grade of tumor, and depth of tumor elevate the mortality hazard of gastric cancer patients (P < 0.05). The built nomogram had a discriminatory performance, with a C-index of 0.64 (CI 0.61, 0.67). We constructed and validated an original predictive nomogram for OS in patients with GC. Furthermore, nomograms may help predict the individual risk of OS in patients treated for GC.
Gastrointestinal cancers account for a significant health concern as the existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, exhibit considerable drawbacks, including ...a high probability of recurrence, insufficient drug specificity, and severe adverse effects. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches and enhanced tissue-specific targeting are required. Nanomedicine is a field of medicine that uses nanoscale carriers for targeting and administering drugs or diagnostic agents to particular tissues. In the field of nanomedicine, chitosan nanoparticles are well-established delivery technologies used as polymeric carriers. Chitosan is a natural carbohydrate that is biocompatible, biodegradable, polycationic, and mucoadhesive. Chitosan has shown promise in the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, gene therapy, and immunotherapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. The limited water solubility of chitosan is one of its major disadvantages as a drug delivery system. Thus, solubility may be increased by chemically treating chitosan. Chitosan derivatives improve the activity, selectivity, biocompatibility, and therapeutic dose reduction of anticancer drugs when used in hydrogel, emulsion, surfactant formulations, and nanoformulation. Chitosan and its derivatives have shown effectiveness in nanoparticle production and exhibit unique surface properties, enabling them to interact selectively with gastrointestinal tumors through both active and passive targeting mechanisms. This review focuses on the molecular signaling pathways of chitosan nanoparticles and their derivatives as potential anticancer agents. The potential of future chitosan applications in gastrointestinal cancers is additionally highlighted.
Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) is one of the infections that causes disorders in patients when diagnosed untimely and inappropriately.
Case reports on HA in patients published between 2000 and April 2020 ...were gathered by carrying out a structured search through PubMed/Medline.
Through a survey of the Medline database, 130 studies were identified and then, 64 cases with HA were included in the final analysis. Asia had the largest share of cases with 37.5% (24 reports), followed by Europe and the Americas. Affected patients were predominantly males (64%) and the overall mortality rate was 1% with only one male patient in his 50 s dying. Nearly all patients (92%) were immunocompetent. However, in four patients, the use of immunosuppressive medication led to depression of the immune system. Most of the patients (80%) experienced complications. In terms of the complications, the most frequent ones were previous history of abdominal surgery (32%) and foreign bodies in the abdominopelvic region (20%). Actinomyces israelii was the most common pathogen isolated from patients. Abdominal pain (66%), fever (62%), weight loss (48%), night sweat, malaise, and anorexia (14%) over about 3.1 months were the most frequently reported clinical symptoms. Extension to one or more surrounding organs was evident in 18 patients (28%). Histopathologic examination confirmed infection in 67% of the patients and samples obtained from liver puncture biopsy (32%) were most frequently used in diagnosis. Surgery or puncture drainage + anti-infection was the most common method to treat patients and penicillin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, and ampicillin were the most frequently used drugs to control infection.
HA should be considered in patients with a subacute or chronic inflammatory process of the liver. With accurate and timely diagnosis of infection, extensive surgery can be prevented.
Curcumin is a bioactive ingredient found in the Rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is well known for its chemopreventive and anti-cancer properties. Recent findings have demonstrated several ...pharmacological and biological impacts of curcumin, related to the control and the management of gastrointestinal cancers. Mechanistically, curcumin exerts its biological impacts via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the interaction with various transcription factors and signaling molecules. Moreover, epigenetic modulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed as novel targets of curcumin. Curcumin was discovered to regulate the expression of numerous pathogenic miRNAs in gastric, colorectal, esophageal and liver cancers. The present systematic review was performed to identify miRNAs that are modulated by curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers.
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•Curcumin is a bioactive ingredient that found to be effective in management of cancer.•MiRNAs, play multiple cellular functions in cancer such as cell growth, proliferation and tissue development.•Several beneficial effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers conducted through its effect on miRNAs.
Due to the potent antibacterial properties of
Cinnamomum
and its derivatives, particularly cinnamaldehyde, recent studies have used these compounds to inhibit the growth of the most prevalent ...bacterial and fungal biofilms. By inhibiting flagella protein synthesis and swarming motility,
Cinnamomum
could suppress bacterial attachment, colonization, and biofilm formation in an early stage. Furthermore, by downregulation of Cyclic di‐guanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP), biofilm-related genes, and quorum sensing, this compound suppresses intercellular adherence and accumulation of bacterial cells in biofilm and inhibits important bacterial virulence factors. In addition,
Cinnamomum
could lead to preformed biofilm elimination by enhancing membrane permeability and the disruption of membrane integrity. Moreover, this substance suppresses the
Candida
species adherence to the oral epithelial cells, leading to the cell wall deformities, damage, and leakages of intracellular material that may contribute to the established
Candida’s
biofilm elimination. Therefore, by inhibiting biofilm maturation and destroying the external structure of biofilm,
Cinnamomum
could boost antibiotic treatment success in combination therapy. However,
Cinnamomum
has several disadvantages, such as poor solubility in aqueous solution, instability, and volatility; thus, the use of different drug-delivery systems may resolve these limitations and should be further considered in future investigations. Overall,
Cinnamomum
could be a promising agent for inhibiting microbial biofilm-associated infection and could be used as a catheter and other medical materials surface coatings to suppress biofilm formation. Nonetheless, further
in vitro
toxicology analysis and animal experiments are required to confirm the reported molecular antibiofilm effect of
Cinnamomum
and its derivative components against microbial biofilm.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a frequent medical issue. The primary risk factors for bleeding peptic ulcers are Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ...The association between acute gastric/duodenal ulcer and opium use has been previously proposed; however, there is no available data on endoscopic findings of patients with acute UGIB who use opium.
In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, endoscopic data of 50 consecutive patients with oral opium use and 50 consecutive patients without any opium use who were admitted for UGIB were recorded. The size (5-10 mm, 11-20 mm, or more than 20 mm), number (single, double, or multiple), and location of the ulcers (esophagus, gastric corpus including the fundus and body, antrum, angulus, or duodenum) were examined by endoscopy in both groups.
Three or more ulcers were observed in 46% and 16% of patients with oral opium use and without opium use, respectively (P-value = 0.001). The rate of giant ulcers (> 20 mm) was significantly higher in patients who used oral opium (40% vs. 12%; P-value = 0.007). Esophageal ulcers were also more common in oral opium users (30%) than non-users (8%) with UGIB (P-value = 0.01). Nevertheless, the location of the ulcers between the two groups generally was not statistically different.
This study has demonstrated that multiple, large peptic ulcers in GIB are potential complications of oral opium use. This could aid the needed modifications in the treatment protocol for these patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one group of the pertinent molecular biomarkers in the early detection of cancers, especially colorectal cancer. A simple and label-free nanostructured electrochemical ...biosensor was fabricated to detect miR-223, a colorectal cancer miRNA, by a vertical arrangement of graphene oxide (GO) decorated with gold (Au) Nano-flower nanostructures (GO@Au-NS). The use of high surface-to-volume aspect ratio nanostructures with excellent electroactivity that contain thiolated DNA probes (Cap-223) could increase the accessibility, chance, and recognition performance of miR-223. The substrate characteristics are scanned by HRSEM, EDX, and electrochemical techniques. Furthermore, the successful immobilization of Cap-223 on GO@Au-NS and their hybridization with targeted miR-223 macro-molecules were investigated by electrochemical techniques (CV, EIS, and DPV). The electroactivity of the working electrode before and after GO@Au-NS fabrication showed a significant difference. A wide range of linear detection of miR-223 by a fabricated biosensor was from zM to nM, with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.012 aM. The selectivity of the nanostructured miR-223 biosensor was also investigated by studying the discrimination ability of mismatched miRNAs sequences, which resulted in high selectivity for the biosensor. In addition, its efficiency in the detection of miR-223 in a real sample (human serum) showed a remarkable ability of the biosensor to detect it with a low percent of relative standard deviation (RSD = 5.7%). The developed electrochemical biosensor exhibited great potential for miRNA-based early detection of colorectal cancer and had excellent sensitivity, and selectivity, making it helpful for use in translational medicine research and clinical applications.
•A label-free biosensor made to early detection of colorectal cancer.•Nanocomposite fabricated from metallic and carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene and gold) in shape of Nano-wall, and Nano-flower.•The biosensor showed an excellent antifouling property, and electroactivity performance.•The micro RNA-223 was detected in PBs and even human serum with good specificity and sensitivity.
Background Tumor-specific neoantigens are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. As research findings have proved, neoantigen-specific T cell activity is immunotherapy's most important determinant. ...Main text There is sufficient evidence showing the role of neoantigens in clinically successful immunotherapy, providing a justification for targeting. Because of the significance of the pre-existing anti-tumor immune response for the immune checkpoint inhibitor, it is believed that personalized neoantigen-based therapy may be an imperative approach for cancer therapy. Thus, intensive attention is given to strategies targeting neoantigens for the significant impact with other immunotherapies, such as the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Today, several algorithms are designed and optimized based on Next-Generation Sequencing and public databases, including dbPepNeo, TANTIGEN 2.0, Cancer Antigenic Peptide Database, NEPdb, and CEDAR databases for predicting neoantigens in silico that stimulates the development of T cell therapies, cancer vaccine, and other ongoing immunotherapy approaches. Conclusions In this review, we deliberated the current developments in understanding and recognition of the immunogenicity of newly found gastrointestinal neoantigens as well as their functions in immunotherapies and cancer detection. We also described how neoantigens are being developed and how they might be used in the treatment of GI malignancies. Keywords: Tumor, CAR-T cell, Neoantigen, Immunotherapy, Gastrointestinal cancers
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease and one of the main global health issues in which liver fat surpasses 5% of hepatocytes without the secondary causes of lipid ...accumulation or excessive alcohol consumption. Owing to the link between NAFLD and insulin resistance (IR) and obesity and the role of resistin in theses metabolic disorders, we explored the possible association between resistin gene (RETN) variant and NAFLD.
A total of 308 unrelated subjects, including 152 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 156 controls were enrolled and genotyped for the RETN gene rs3745367 variant using PCR-RFLP method.
NAFLD patients had higher liver enzymes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than the controls (P<0.001). However, we observed no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the cases with NAFLD and the controls for the RETN rs3745367 polymorphism either before or after adjustment for confounding factors including age, BMI, sex, smoking status, SBP, and DBP.
To our knowledge, this study is the first one that investigated the association between RETN gene rs3745367 variant and biopsy-proven NAFLD. Our findings do not support a role for this gene polymorphism in NAFLD risk in Iranian population; nonetheless, they need to be further investigated in other populations.
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