Tinnitus in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine Taghavi Shirazi, Maryam; Arabi, Maryam
Iranian journal of medical sciences,
07/2023, Letnik:
48, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Tinnitus is the sensation of hearing continuous or intermittent sounds, when there is no external or mechanical source.
Persian Medicine, which flourished in the Islamic Golden Age (9th to 12th century AD), considers the human body a unified whole whose organs are in constant interaction and equilibrium with each ...other. The skin is one of these interdependent organs that play an important role in protecting internal organs,and as an excretion route, it can expel substances that are not consumed by the body. Alternatively, the uterus, a vital organ in pregnancy, excretes excess body material during menstruation to maintain a woman’s health. This narrative study discussed the importance of aligning the structure and function of these two organs based on the main textbooks of Persian Medicine, especially those written during this historical period. Likewise, electronic databases were used for investigating related articles.The skin and uterus are two excretory organs. When the secretion of excess material through menstruation is physiologically or pathologically impaired, the body transfers these substances to the skin as the organ associated with the uterus. Thus, the clinical manifestations of some skin diseases can be a sign of imbalance in the function of the uterus and its related organs. Consequently, the structural and functional similarities of both organs can provide a new guide in the approach to their participatory diseases in the integration of Persian and conventional medicine.
Perzijska medicina, koja je procvjetala u zlatnom dobu islama (od 9. do 12. stoljeća), smatra ljudsko tijelo jedinstvenom cjelinom čiji su organi u stalnoj interakciji i ravnoteži jedni s drugima. Koža je jedan od tih međusobno ovisnih organa koji imaju važnu ulogu u zaštiti unutarnjih organa te kao sustav za izlučivanje može izlučivati tvari koje tijelu nisu potrebne. Alternativno, maternica, vitalni organ u trudnoći, izlučuje višak tjelesnog materijala tijekom menstruacije kako bi održala zdravlje žene. Ova narativna studija govori o važnosti usklađivanja strukture i funkcije tih dvaju organa na temelju važnih udžbenika perzijske medicine, posebno onih napisanih tijekom ovoga povijesnog razdoblja. Jednako tako, elektroničke baze podataka korištene su za istraživanje članaka.Koža i maternica dva su organa za izlučivanje. Kada je izlučivanje viška tvari menstruacijom fiziološki ili patološki poremećeno, tijelo te tvari prenosi na kožu kao organ koji je povezan s maternicom. Dakle, kliničke manifestacije nekih kožnih bolesti mogu biti znak neravnoteže u funkciji maternice i srodnih organa. Posljedično, strukturne i funkcionalne sličnosti obaju organa mogu pružiti nov pogled u pristupu njihovim participativnim bolestima, uz integraciju perzijske i konvencionalne medicine.
The COVID-19 disease started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread across the world, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the high prevalence of this disease, it resulted in worry in ...many people and has led to several unnecessary visits to medical centers which may have increased the risk of infection. Preventive measures are necessary to control outbreaks and decrease disease burdens. Telemedicine such as telephone consultation is an efficient and safe platform to control disease in times of infectious epidemics by reducing the communication between people and the presence of non-infected people in medical centers. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as integrated medicine, is a collection of scientific principles and methods for the prevention and treatment of disease. The Nobaan’s telephone consultation system was set up by ITM specialists to provide consultations for COVID-19. A total of 43 ITM physicians have been consulting health seekers every day from 6:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. based on national guidelines for COVID-19 and a specialized guide from academic resources of ITM. From 18 March to 17 April 2020, the doctors received a total of 2778 calls and provided a total of 11221 minutes of consultation. In total, 50% of physicians answered more than 90% of the calls and the average length of each call was 4.5 minutes. Finally, it seems except few limitations compared with face to face patient visit, this newly consultation by ITM specialist may provide considerable help to prevent and manage COVID-19 outbreak in Iran.
Since the Old Testament era, medicine has drawn scientists from around the world. Persian physicians have played an undeniable role in the advancement of medicine worldwide and their books have been ...taught as medical textbooks in the East and the West for years. In the Islamic Golden Age (9th to 12th century AD), Abu-Sahl al-Masihi (960-1010 AD), was one of the great Persian scholars contemporary to Avicenna and Al-Biruni. He wrote several valuable works on medicine, philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy in Arabic. The two books titled Al-Mia fil-Tibb (Book of the Hundred on Medicine) and Ezhar al-Hekmat Allah Ta’ala fi Khalgh al-Ensan (Manifestations of God’s Wisdom in the Creation of Mankind) also known as Tashrih Badan al-Ensan (Human Anatomy) are among his important works in medicine. Particularly, in Tashrih Badan al-Ensan, Abu-Sahl detailed the structure and function of each organ within the human body. On heart anatomy, he presented interesting, and even innovative views. Despite the significance of his views on medicine among physicians of the Islamic era, his works have failed to be translated into Latin or other languages for unknown reasons, leaving him veiled in academic spheres. This paper aims to describe Abu-Sahl al-Masihi's opinions on heart anatomy.
Some dermatological diseases can be life-threatening. Urticaria and angioedema are common reasons for patients to seek treatment at an emergency department. Severe, generalized urticaria and ...angioedema can endanger patients' lives by involving the airways and causing anaphylactic shock. The humor-based Persian Medicine (PM) concepts of
and
, referring to two kinds of skin lesions, have similarities to urticaria and angioedema, respectively. This article aims to provide scientific evidence regarding the application of PM as an early intervention strategy in the emergency management of urticaria and angioedema.
This was a narrative review of PM studies identified by searching medical databases using search terms related to these diseases, as well as risk-associated keywords such as "fatal", "death", "life-threatening", "emergency", "cupping", and "bloodletting". Data were then compared, interpreted, and analyzed.
PM scholars consider the human body as a unified whole and believe in an inner power (Nature) which stems from the body. When the presence of excessive hot substances cause an imbalance of bodily humors, Nature directs their heated vapors sharply toward the skin, thus causing
and
. If there is a high risk of inflammation spreading to vital organs under severe conditions, urgent manual interventions are crucial.
In serious conditions of urticaria and angioedema,
or bloodletting and
can be effective in speeding up the control of lesions and reducing morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the development of integrated Persian and conventional medicines may provide new therapeutic pathways for skin emergencies.
Background and purpose: Urticaria is one of the most widespread skin inflammatory diseases that reduce the quality of life, especially in chronic cases. Considering the very close compatibility of ...urticaria and angioedema with Shara and Mashara in Persian Medicine, this paper aimed at comparing their signs, symptoms, and etiology and suggests a more comprehensive diagnostic perspective and paves the way for further researches. Materials and methods: This narrative review was conducted using the main manuscripts of Persian medicine and international medical databases using relevant keywords such as urticaria, angioedema, Shara, Mashara, etc. Data were then compared, interpreted, and analyzed. Results: The symptoms of urticaria and angioedema such as sudden nocturnal pruritus and the causes of increased heat in the body were found to be similar to those of Shara and Mashara. The cascade of inflammatory factors, dilation, and increased permeability of blood vessels can be comparable to sudden movement of the vapor of warm blood to narrowed pores of the skin. Conclusion: Persian and conventional medicine share similar perspectives on urticaria and angioedema. The food digestion process and function of the body's major organs in production of healthy blood are too important. Therefore, integrating Persian and conventional medicine could be effective in diagnosis and treatment of these inflammatory diseases.
Objectives: Ziziphus jujuba (jujube) is a plant with a long history of consumption as a fruit and a medicinal plant, which has various pharmacological effects. This plant has been widely used in ...traditional Persian medicine (TPM) and modern phytotherapy. Therefore, the overarching goal of this research was to review the nutritional and pharmacological properties of this valuable plant. Materials and Methods: The relevant keywords were used to search different databases containing the new findings as well as the old textbooks, and several articles on Z. jujuba, its effects, and its benefits were extracted. Results: First, the descriptions of Z. jujuba in the books on traditional medicine were reviewed with regard to the experiences of past physicians. Next, the new findings reported by scientists about the pharmacological effects of Z. jujuba and its active ingredients were presented. Z. jujuba has had numerous uses in the course of history. Considering the definitions provided in the traditional medical books and the modern applications of Ziziphus jujuba, there were close relationships among some of the findings, while for some of the effects described in traditional books there is no similar account in the classical medical books. Conclusions: Jujube has been used for the treatment of some diseases throughout the history. Hence, since this plant is native to different parts of Iran, research centers are recommended to use the state-of-the-art technology to summarize the effects of jujube and its socioeconomic benefits.
Perzijska medicina, koja je procvjetala u zlatnom dobu islama (od 9. do 12. stoljeća), smatra ljudsko tijelo jedinstvenom cjelinom čiji su organi u stalnoj interakciji i ravnoteži jedni s drugima. ...Koža je jedan od tih međusobno ovisnih organa koji imaju važnu ulogu u zaštiti unutarnjih organa te kao sustav za izlučivanje može izlučivati tvari koje tijelu nisu potrebne. Alternativno, maternica, vitalni organ u trudnoći, izlučuje višak tjelesnog materijala tijekom menstruacije kako bi održala zdravlje žene. Ova narativna studija govori o važnosti usklađivanja strukture i funkcije tih dvaju organa na temelju važnih udžbenika perzijske medicine, posebno onih napisanih tijekom ovoga povijesnog razdoblja. Jednako tako, elektroničke baze podataka korištene su za istraživanje članaka. Koža i maternica dva su organa za izlučivanje. Kada je izlučivanje viška tvari menstruacijom fiziološki ili patološki poremećeno, tijelo te tvari prenosi na kožu kao organ koji je povezan s maternicom. Dakle, kliničke manifestacije nekih kožnih bolesti mogu biti znak neravnoteže u funkciji maternice i srodnih organa. Posljedično, strukturne i funkcionalne sličnosti obaju organa mogu pružiti nov pogled u pristupu njihovim participativnim bolestima, uz integraciju perzijske i konvencionalne medicin
Objectives: Some dermatological diseases can be life-threatening. Urticaria and angioedema are common reasons for patients to seek treatment at an emergency department. Severe, generalized urticaria ...and angioedema can endanger patients' lives by involving the airways and causing anaphylactic shock. The humor-based Persian Medicine (PM) concepts of Shara and Mashara, referring to two kinds of skin lesions, have similarities to urticaria and angioedema, respectively. This article aims to provide scientific evidence regarding the application of PM as an early intervention strategy in the emergency management of urticaria and angioedema. Methods: This was a narrative review of PM studies identified by searching medical databases using search terms related to these diseases, as well as risk-associated keywords such as "fatal", "death", "life-threatening", "emergency", "cupping", and "bloodletting". Data were then compared, interpreted, and analyzed. Results: PM scholars consider the human body as a unified whole and believe in an inner power (Nature) which stems from the body. When the presence of excessive hot substances cause an imbalance of bodily humors, Nature directs their heated vapors sharply toward the skin, thus causing Shara and Mashara. If there is a high risk of inflammation spreading to vital organs under severe conditions, urgent manual interventions are crucial. Conclusion: In serious conditions of urticaria and angioedema, Fasd or bloodletting and Hijama can be effective in speeding up the control of lesions and reducing morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the development of integrated Persian and conventional medicines may provide new therapeutic pathways for skin emergencies.
In the early medieval era, in the time which is called the Islamic Golden Age, medicine flourished through the practice of Persian physicians (9th to 12th century AD). Abu-Sahl al-Masihi (died circa ...1010 AD) was one of the physicians in that period who had great influence on the progress of medicine by his own writings as well as his influence on great scholars like Biruni and Avicenna as their teacher. He was a polymath and had many writings in various fields of science, in particular medical sciences. Some of his manuscripts in medicine were
(Book of the Hundred),
(The General Medicine),
(God's Mystery on the Creation of Man),
(Treatise of Drugs),
(the Principles of Pulse), and
(On the determination of the matter of infectious diseases). As a sign of his impact in Persian medicine, many later physicians (until 19th century) referred to and cited his works in their manuscripts several times.
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