Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is one of the necessary fatty acids for the human body. It is a precursor for synthesizing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The consumption of ...ALA as an anti-inflammatory factor plays a significant role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. The current study was investigated to evaluate the binding affinity and molecular interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) with ALA through spectroscopic and computational studies. In the existence of ALA, the absorbance of HSA is reduced, confirming the development of the HSA-ALA complex. The fluorescence spectroscopic data implied that the quenching mechanism for HSA-ALA interaction was static mode. The negative values of ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals are the predominant intermolecular forces in the complex between HSA and ALA. The binding of ALA induces changes in the structure of HSA, which were revealed by far-UV circular dichroism (CD). The reduction of root mean square deviation (RMSD) after binding to ALA proved the stability of the structure of HSA in the presence of ALA. The results of the esterase activity of HSA presented that ALA competitively binds with HSA. This study demonstrated the importance of ALA in medicine and emphasized its main pharmacological significance.
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•The binding of human serum albumin and ALA was evaluated by spectroscopic methods, docking, and dynamic simulation (MD).•Hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces were major force information about the ALA-HSA complex.•The ALA is embedded in the secondary structure of HSA.•The interaction between HSA and ALA was spontaneous.•Binding of the ALA to HSA caused structural changes in the HSA.
Petrophysical properties have played an important and definitive role in the study of oil and gas reservoirs, necessitating that diverse kinds of information are used to infer these properties. In ...this study, the seismic data related to the Hendijan oil field were utilised, along with the available logs of 7 wells of this field, in order to use the extracted relationships between seismic attributes and the values of the shale volume in the wells to estimate the shale volume in wells intervals. After the overall survey of data, a seismic line was selected and seismic inversion methods (model‐based, band limited and sparse spike inversion) were applied to it. Amongst all of these techniques, the model‐based method presented the better results. By using seismic attributes and artificial neural networks, the shale volume was then estimated using three types of neural networks, namely the probabilistic neural network (PNN), multi‐layer feed‐forward network (MLFN) and radial basic function network (RBFN).
Distribution transformers (DTs) are deemed as one of the major and high-priced equipment of electrical grids and their destruction negatively affects the stability and security of the network. The ...insulation status of the transformer depends on the hotspot and oil temperatures. Accordingly, controlling and, if possible, reduction of transformer oil temperature will improve the insulation status. In this paper, the effect of using nano-oil on oil temperature and loading capacity increment (LCI) of DTs has been studied via the electro-thermal resistance model (E-TRM). The studied nanofluids are two volumetric concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and three volumetric concentrations of diamond nanoparticles dispersed in pure mineral oil (MO). First, the numerical results gained from the E-TRM method are compared and verified with the experiential results of a 500 kVA DT. As well as, the effect of using MWCNT, diamond and proposed ONF nanoparticles in the heat transfer capacity of the transformer are investigated and compared. The results demonstrate that the highest temperature reduction in comparison with MO among the studied nanofluids is about 1 °C and for nanofluid ODI2. While the use of hypothetical ONF nanofluid reduces the oil temperature by 2.7 °C. Finally, the LCI of DTs caused by the use of nanofluids is investigated by the proposed novel equation. The use of nanofluids, especially the proposed ONF nanofluid, leads to the LCI up to 5%.
•Proposing E-TRM model for thermal modeling of fin-folded distribution transformers.•Experimental test implementation for verification of the proposed E-TRM model.•Incorporating nanofluid properties into ETRM and investigating its heat transfer.•Thermal behavior estimation of transformer containing nanofluids.•Proposing a hypothetical ONF nanofluid with properties.
In this work, the parameters of cobalt oxide suspension such as conductivity, zeta potential, particle size, stability, and finally the electrophoretic behavior of particles in the absence and ...presence of polyethylenimine (PEI) in acetone medium were investigated. Also, the effects of washing on the stability and electrophoretic deposition of Co3O4 were studied. Characterization of the obtained layer by optical microscopy revealed that there was no deposition in the suspension without PEI, while a uniform layer was formed in the presence of PEI additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed the uniformity of layer obtained in acetone using PEI additive. Moreover, SEM results demonstrated that more porous microstructures were obtained at longer deposition durations. The difference in the porosity of the layers, as indicated by the SEM micrographs, is attributed to increase in the deposition time.
The importance of the distribution network is not overlooked by anyone. The transformer is one of the key equipment in this network. Therefore, great care and attention are needed in its design, ...maintenance and operation. Most of the oil-immersed distribution transformers are operated under solar radiation conditions. However, increasing the oil temperature due to solar radiation is not considered in their design. This increases the oil temperature above the design temperature value and thus reduces the life of the transformer. In this paper, due to the lack of specified equations for solar energy absorption by the fins and tank of the transformer, a novel method and equation are proposed for the calculation of the transformer solar radiation absorption amount. As well as, the effect of orientation on the corrugated tank distribution transformers oil temperature is investigated using the Electro-Thermal Resistance Model (E-TRM). For this purpose, two identical transformers with different orientations are tested experimentally and the results are compared and verified with the numerical results. The transformer tank color is one of the effective factors of solar radiation absorption. Depending on the absorption and emission rates, the effect of the different colors of the transformer tank on the oil temperature in different loading is investigated in this paper. The results show that the use of bright colors in comparison with dark colors can lower the oil temperature by about 3 °C on the rated loading of the transformer. In order to consider the effect of solar radiation on the transformer, the modified ambient temperature is introduced for the design of the transformer. Finally, the effect of transformer operation under solar radiation and with different colors is investigated and transformer loading de-rating is proposed by a novel equation.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hand-forearm anthropometric dimensions on handgrip and pinch strengths among 7-18 years children and adolescents and to investigate the ...extent to which these variables can be used to predict hand strength.
Four types of hand strengths including handgrip, tip to tip, key, and three-jaw chuck pinches were measured in 2637 healthy children and adolescents (1391 boys and 1246 girls) aged 7-18 years using standard adjustable Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer and pinch gauge. A set of 17 hand-forearm anthropometric dimensions were also measured with an accurate digital caliper and tape measure.
No significant differences were found between the hand strengths of boys and girls up to the age of 10 years. Gender related differences in handgrip and pinches were observed from the age of 11 years onwards, with boys always being stronger. The dominant hand was stronger than the non-dominant hand (8% for handgrip and by about 10% for all three types of pinches). The strongest correlations were found between the hand length and hand strengths (r > 0.83 for handgrip and three all pinches; p < 0.001, 2-tailed). Based on the partial least squares (PLS) analysis, 8 out of 17 anthropometric indices including hand length, hand circumference, thumb length, index finger length, middle finger length, and forearm length had considerable loadings in the PLS analysis, which together accounted for 46% of the total variance.
These results may be used by health professionals in clinical settings as well as by designers to create ergonomic hand tools.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate drug use disorders which are a major cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).
Methods
This article is ...a part of the global burden of diseases (GBD), injuries, and risk factors 2019 study. The GBD modeling approach was used to estimate population-level prevalence of drug use disorders. We combined these estimates with disability weights to calculate years of life lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 1990–2019.
Results
It is estimated that in 2019 in EMR around 3.4 million people have drug use disorder which has increased by 137% compared to 1990. Also, in 2019, DALY number for drug use disorders was 1217.9 (95% UI: 940.4, 1528.9) thousand years and 7645 (95% UI: 6793.7, 8567.9) deaths occurred. The DALY rate increased 39.6% in the region since1990, whereas the global rate increased by 24.4%. United Arab Emirates, Libya, and Iran were most affected by drug use disorders with the highest rates of age-standardized DALY in EMR in 2019. The most prevalent drug use disorder in the region is opioid use which is accountable for 80% of all drug use disorders DALYs.
Conclusion
Despite many interventions, drug use disorders are still responsible for high rates of DALY in the region which has increased since 1990 in both males and females; more comprehensive policies, better control measures and proper education could reduce the adverse effects.
Triamide derivatives have been synthesized in good yields in a novel, one-pot, five-component, and efficient process by the reaction of
Z
-oxazolone, water, primary amines, aldehydes, isocyanides, in ...the presence of catalytic amount of KAl(SO
4
)
2
·12H
2
O (alum) as a non-toxic, reusable, inexpensive, and easily available reagent via Ugi reaction in aqueous solution.
A new series of spiroindene‐1,2′‐quinazolin‐4′(3′H)‐one derivatives 4a–m were synthesized via a one‐pot method and evaluated for anticonvulsant activities using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal ...electroshock (MES)‐induced seizures. Obtained results demonstrated that these compounds have not anticonvulsant activity in PTZ test while are active in the MES test. Among the synthesized compounds, the best anticonvulsant activity was obtained with compound 4h. This compound also was not neurotoxic. Given that the title new compounds have the pharmacophore requirement for benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist, the most potent compound was assayed in vivo and in silico as BZD receptor agonist. After treatment with flumazenil as a standard BZD receptor antagonist, anticonvulsant activity of compound 4h decreased. Therefore, the involvement of BZD receptors in anticonvulsant activity of this compound confirmed. Furthermore, docking study of compound 4h in the BZD‐binding site of GABAA receptor confirmed that this compound interacted with the important residues.
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