We examined the effect of dietary fats rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on mRNA levels in white and brown adipose tissues in rats. Four groups of rats were fed on a low-fat diet (20 g ...safflower oil/kg) or a high-fat diet (200 g/kg) containing safflower oil, which is rich in n-6 PUFA (linoleic acid), or perilla (α-linolenic acid) or fish oil (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids), both of which are rich in n-3 PUFA, for 21 d. Energy intake was higher in rats fed on a high-safflower-oil diet than in those fed on low-fat or high-fish-oil diet, but no other significant differences were detected among the groups. Perirenal white adipose tissue weight was higher and epididymal white adipose tissue weight tended to be higher in rats fed on a high-safflower-oil diet than in those fed on a low-fat diet. However, high-fat diets rich in n-3 PUFA, compared to a low-fat diet, did not increase the white adipose tissue mass. High-fat diets relative to a low-fat diet increased brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 mRNA level. The increases were greater with fats rich in n-3 PUFA than with n-6 PUFA. A high-safflower-oil diet, compared to a low-fat diet, doubled the leptin mRNA level in white adipose tissue. However, high-fat diets rich in n-3 PUFA failed to increase it. Compared to a low-fat diet, high-fat diets down-regulated the glucose transporter 4 mRNA level in white adipose tissue. However, the decreases were attenuated with high-fat diets rich in n-3 PUFA. It is suggested that the alterations in gene expression in adipose tissue contribute to the physiological activities of n-3 PUFA in preventing body fat accumulation and in regulating glucose metabolism in rats.
Recently, 3D measurements using small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have increased in Japan, because small type UAVs is easily available at low cost and the analysis software can be created the ...easily 3D models. However, small type UAVs have a problem: they have very short flight times and a small payload. In particular, as the payload of a small type UAV increases, its flight time decreases. Therefore, it is advantageous to use lightweight sensors in small type UAVs. A mobile camera is lightweight and has many sensors such as an accelerometer, a magnetic field, and a gyroscope. Moreover, these sensors can be used simultaneously. Therefore, the authors think that the problems of small UAVs can be solved using the mobile camera. The authors executed camera calibration using a test target for evaluating sensor values measured using a mobile camera. Consequently, the authors confirmed the same accuracy with normal camera calibration.
We have investigated the microstructures and the magnetic properties of 10
nm thick FePt films epitaxially grown on MgO (0
0
1) substrates at various substrate temperatures,
T
s. The long-range-order ...parameter of the L1
0 structure and the coercivity increased above
T
s=450°C with a drastic change in the film morphology from continuous structure to island-like one. A huge coercivity of 42
kOe obtained at
T
s=700°C is attributed to complete magnetic isolation of nanometer-scale particles as well as perfect uniaxial alignment of
c-axis in the normal direction to the film.
Establishment of a life evaluation method for structural components is essential for the rational operation and maintenance of light water reactor plants. High-cycle fatigue induced by mechanical ...vibration or temperature fluctuation is still a major cause of troubles of plants. In this study, high-cycle fatigue tests for austenitic stainless steel SUS316NG were conducted at 288
°C with/without mean stress. Fatigue tests with constant stress amplitude less than a certain level ran out over 10
8 cycles, which suggested SUS316NG has a fatigue limit at 288
°C. The effect of mean stress on fatigue life was investigated through the correlation with the variation of mean strain and strain amplitude. Methods to predict fatigue life under mean stress condition was newly developed based on the concept of ductility exhaustion. The stress-based approach such as the modified Goodman constituting the basis of the current design rule predicted excessively conservative fatigue life, while the developed methods gave more accurate prediction.
We report the discovery of the millisecond pulsar PSR J2043+1711 in a search of a Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) source with no known associations, with the Nancay Radio Telescope. The new pulsar, ...confirmed with the Green Bank Telescope, has a spin period of 2.38 ms, is relatively nearby (d approx. < 2 kpc) and is in a 1.48-d orbit around a low-mass companion, probably an He-type white dwarf. Using an ephemeris based on Arecibo, Nancay and Westerbork timing measurements, pulsed gamma-ray emission was detected in the data recorded by the Fermi LAT. The gamma-ray light curve and spectral properties are typical of other gamma-ray millisecond pulsars seen with Fermi. X-ray observations of the pulsar with Suzaku and the Swift X-ray Telescope yielded no detection. At 1.4 GHz, we observe strong flux density variations because of interstellar diffractive scintillation; however, a sharp peak can be observed at this frequency during bright scintillation states. At 327 MHz, the pulsar is detected with a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and its flux density is far more steady. However, at that frequency the Arecibo instrumentation cannot yet fully resolve the pulse profile. Despite that, our pulse time-of-arrival measurements have a post-fit residual rms of 2 micro s. This and the expected stability of this system have made PSR J2043+1711 one of the first new Fermi-selected millisecond pulsars to be added to pulsar gravitational wave timing arrays. It has also allowed a significant measurement of relativistic delays in the times of arrival of the pulses due to the curvature of space-time near the companion, but not yet with enough precision to derive useful masses for the pulsar and the companion. Nevertheless, a mass for the pulsar between 1.7 and 2.0 solar Mass can be derived if a standard millisecond pulsar formation model is assumed. In this paper, we also present a comprehensive summary of pulsar searches in Fermi LAT sources with the Nancay Radio Telescope to date.
The aim of this paper is to explicitly compute parameters for which the Bramson-Kalikow (BK) model exhibits phase transition. The main ingredient of the proof is a simple new criterion for ...non-uniqueness of g-measures. We show that the existence of multiple g-measures compatible with a function g can be proved by estimating the -distances between some suitably chosen Markov chains. The method is optimal for the important class of binary regular attractive kernels, which includes the BK model.
A new high-rate crystal diamond synthesis method using plasma submerged in liquid alcohol was developed. The diamonds are grown by contact with the in-liquid plasma created by applying microwaves to ...a liquid methanol solution. The chemical reaction rate in the plasma is much higher than in the conventional gas phase plasma because the plasma is stably generated in a bubble in the liquid solution. Therefore, a very high diamond deposition rate (100 μm/h) becomes possible even under low pressure. The success of this method will be the foundation for the high-volume supply of low-cost diamond substrate.
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