Muon neutrino disappearance probability as a function of neutrino flight length L over neutrino energy E was studied. A dip in the L/E distribution was observed in the data, as predicted from the ...sinusoidal flavor transition probability of neutrino oscillation. The observed L/E distribution constrained nu(micro)<-->nu(tau) neutrino oscillation parameters; 1.9x10(-3)<Deltam(2)<3.0x10(-3) eV(2) and sin((2)2theta>0.90 at 90% confidence level.
We investigated the effects of thermal annealing and homogeneous electron beam (EB) irradiation on the structural and thermoelectric properties of electrodeposited bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thin ...films. Bi2Te3 thin films were prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition using a standard three-electrode cell. It was found that the thermal annealing contributed to enhance the crystallographic properties, leading to the increase of the thermoelectric properties. The maximum thermoelectric property (power factor) was 6.0 μW/(cm∙K2) by the thermal annealing. In addition, the Bi2Te3 thin films obtained relatively high (1 1 0) crystal orientation. On the other hand, the homogeneous EB irradiation treatment did not contribute to increase the crystallographic properties, so the thermoelectric properties of the EB irradiated thin films were mostly the same as that of the as-deposited thin films.
A number of different fits to solar neutrino mixing and mass square difference were performed using 1496 days of Super-Kamiokande-I's solar neutrino data. These data select two allowed areas at large ...neutrino mixing when combined with either the solar
8B flux prediction of the standard solar model or the SNO interaction rate measurements. A global fit combining SK data with the solar neutrino interaction rates measured by Homestake, SNO, Gallex/GNO and SAGE prefers a single allowed area, the Large Mixing Angle solution, at the 98.9% confidence level. The mass square difference
Δm
2 between the two mass eigenstates ranges from about 3 to 19×10
−5 eV
2, while the mixing angle
θ is in the range of tan
2
θ≈0.25–0.65.
We report the result of a search for neutrino oscillations using precise measurements of the recoil electron energy spectrum and zenith angle variations of the solar neutrino flux from 1258 days of ...neutrino-electron scattering data in Super-Kamiokande. The absence of significant zenith angle variation and spectrum distortion places strong constraints on neutrino mixing and mass difference in a flux-independent way. Using the Super-Kamiokande flux measurement in addition, two allowed regions at large mixing are found.
Objectives The uptake of endogenous sterol from serum may allow Candida glabrata to survive azole treatment. This study aims to determine the contribution of a sterol transporter that alters ...fluconazole sensitivity in the presence of serum. Methods Bioinformatic analysis predicted CgAUS1 as the C. glabrata orthologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transporters AUS1 and PDR11. To investigate whether the CgAUS1 gene has sterol transporter activity, we investigated the effects of an AUS1 deletion on the growth of a tetracycline-regulatable ERG9 strain (tet-ERG9aus1), wherein ERG9 expression is turned off giving rise to a sterol requirement. Tetracycline-dependent repression of CgAUS1 in the tet-AUS1 strain was used to determine the fluconazole susceptibility of CgAUS1 in the presence and absence of serum. Results The tetracycline-treated tet-ERG9aus1 strain failed to grow in the presence of serum, whereas the parental tet-ERG9AUS1 strain grew by incorporating sterol from exogenously supplied serum. Serum cholesterol protected cells against the antifungal effects of fluconazole and this protection was lost by repressing CgAUS1 gene expression. Furthermore, such protection was also observed during itraconazole treatment, but not observed in cells treated with non-azole antifungals. Conclusions CgAUS1 appears to function as a sterol transporter that may contribute to lower azole susceptibility in the presence of serum and to protect C. glabrata against azole toxicity in vivo.
The flavor ratio of the atmospheric neutrino flux and its zenith angle dependence have been studied in the multi-GeV energy range using an exposure of 25.5 kiloton-years of the Super-Kamiokande ...detector. By comparing the data to a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, the ratio (
μ/
e)
DATA/(
μ/
e)
MC was measured to be 0.66±0.06(stat.)±0.08(sys.). In addition, a strong distortion in the shape of the
μ-like event zenith angle distribution was observed. The ratio of the number of upward to downward
μ-like events was found to be 0.52
+0.07
−0.06(stat.)±0.01(sys.), with an expected value of 0.98±0.03(stat.)±0.02(sys.), while the same ratio for the
e-like events was consistent with unity.
Effects of current pulse frequency and duty ratio off-time/(on-time + off-time) on thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thin films were investigated. The crystal structure of the ...Bi2Te3 thin films was strongly affected by the duty ratio rather than the current pulse frequency. In particular, the Bi2Te3 thin films were highly oriented along (1 1 0) direction with smooth surface at the high current pulse frequency (5000 Hz) and the high duty ratio (80%). Overall, the electrical conductivities of the Bi2Te3 thin films with current pulse frequency of 5000 Hz were larger than that the thin films with 1000 Hz, whereas the Seebeck coefficients were mostly the same between the both frequencies. As a result, the highest power factor (1.1 μW/(cm·K2)) was observed at the Bi2Te3 thin films with a current pulse frequency of 5000 Hz and a duty ratio of 60%.