The amounts are double prizes handed out at the 2004 Athens Games, when gold medalist Gal Friedman was NIS 240,000 for winning Israel's first Olympic gold.
The emergence of the unique H1N1 influenza A virus in 2009 resulted in a pandemic that has spread to over 200 countries. The constellation of molecular factors leading to the emergence of this strain ...is still unclear. Using a computational approach, we identified molecular determinants that may discriminate the hemagglutinin protein of the 2009 human pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) strain from that of other H1N1 strains. As expected, positions discriminating the pH1N1 from seasonal human strains were located in or near known H1N1 antigenic sites, thus camouflaging the pH1N1 strain from immune recognition. For example, the alteration S145K (an antigenic position) was found as a characteristic of the pH1N1 strain. We also detected positions in the hemagglutinin protein differentiating classical swine viruses from pH1N1. These positions were mostly located in and around the receptor-binding pocket, possibly influencing binding affinity to the human cell. Such alterations may be liable in part for the virus's efficient infection and adaptation to humans. For instance, 133(A) and 149 were identified as discriminative positions. Significantly, we showed that the substitutions R133(A)K and R149K, predicted to be pH1N1 characteristics, each altered virus binding to erythrocytes and conferred virulence to A/swine/NC/18161/02 in mice, reinforcing the computational findings. Our findings provide a structural explanation for the deficient immunity of humans to the pH1N1 strain. Moreover, our analysis points to unique molecular factors that may have facilitated the emergence of this swine variant in humans, in contrast to other swine variants that failed.
Earthquake alerts must rapidly capture attention and trigger efficient reactions, yet little is known about their optimal visual characteristics. To this end, an interdisciplinary effort ...(design-technology-emotion psychology) focused on one of the early warning key factors: the visual properties of the alert. We first conducted a controlled lab experiment which directly compared the efficiency of different alert cues (text, alert icons, fear faces) in capturing peripheral attention while participants were preoccupied with an engaging activity. Results supported an advantage for icons and faces over text. Next, we conducted a controlled field experiment examining the impact of the alert stimuli (icons vs. faces), personalization (i.e., choosing one’s alert), and the effect of practice by mass-alerting subjects with a custom-made app. Our results suggest dramatic effects of practice, and furthermore, within the practice conditions, participants responded faster to personally chosen faces than icons. Importantly, face alerts received higher user experience ratings of trust and safety. These preliminary results tentatively point to novel future directions in the development of efficient and trustworthy alert interfaces. Furthermore, we join a growing body of studies and technological trends geared at using faces as a means of identification, data collection and analysis.
