Even though of relatively short duration (approximately 4 h/sow/reproductive cycle), the time stockpersons spend in contact with reproductive sows and their piglets is of very high importance since ...it may influence both performance and welfare of the animals. During this time, numerous human-pig interactions occur, especially around birth, breeding and farrowing. These interactions can be qualified as positive, neutral or negative from the animal’s perspective. In the present chapter, the literature regarding all types of handlings of sows and their litters is reviewed. Firstly, the immediate and long term effects that painful husbandry practices could have on suckling piglets and on their relationship with humans, as well as the effects that those practises could have on sows when performed nearby, are covered. Then, the consequences of interactions with sows that distinguish between handling during transfer and handling associated with breeding, farrowing supervision and other management tasks are discussed. The consequences of handling type on the reactions of sows and piglets to humans and the possible impacts of this handling on reproductive performance are evaluated. Finally, the question of new practices that could be developed to overbalance the negative interactions inherent to pig management systems, notably by using knowledge of the way animals express their needs or state, are addressed. This review clearly demonstrates the reciprocal effects of humananimal interactions on pigs and humans with consequences not only on performance but also on pig welfare and human satisfaction at work.
Even though of relatively short duration (approximately 4 h/sow/reproductive cycle), the time stockpersons spend in contact with reproductive sows and their piglets is of very high importance since ...it may influence both performance and welfare of the animals. During this time, numerous human-pig interactions occur, especially around birth, breeding and farrowing. These interactions can be qualified as positive, neutral or negative from the animal’s perspective. In the present chapter, the literature regarding all types of handlings of sows and their litters is reviewed. Firstly, the immediate and long term effects that painful husbandry practices could have on suckling piglets and on their relationship with humans, as well as the effects that those practises could have on sows when performed nearby, are covered. Then, the consequences of interactions with sows that distinguish between handling during transfer and handling associated with breeding, farrowing supervision and other management tasks are discussed. The consequences of handling type on the reactions of sows and piglets to humans and the possible impacts of this handling on reproductive performance are evaluated. Finally, the question of new practices that could be developed to overbalance the negative interactions inherent to pig management systems, notably by using knowledge of the way animals express their needs or state, are addressed. This review clearly demonstrates the reciprocal effects of human-animal interactions on pigs and humans with consequences not only on performance but also on pig welfare and human satisfaction at work.
Olfaction role on initial weight gain in chicks from two genotypes Tallet, C. ((Université de Tours, Nouzilly (France). UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements)); Arnould, C; Picard, M ...
Sciences et Techniques Avicoles (France),
(Avr 2003)
43
Journal Article
La qualité de l'aliment est importante pour la croissance des poulets de chair. Très peu d'études portant sur les propriétés olfactives des aliments, on a cherché à déterminer le rôle de l'odorat ...dans la croissance initiale des poulets domestiques. Les deux narines de poussins de types standard (croissance rapide) et label (croissance plus lente) ont été obturées après l'éclosion par de la résine acrylique dans le but de les rendre anosmiques (privés d'odorat). Le poids des poussins a été mesuré pendant 5 jours et l'anosmie à l'odeur de menthe vérifiée. L'anosmie réduit significativement le gain de poids des poussins pendant deux jours, la perturbation étant moins forte chez les poussins standards que chez les labels. Une analyse comportementale des séquences de coups de becs à la mangeoire chez les poussins labels suggère que l'obturation des narines ne gênerait pas ou très peu l'ingestion. L'anosmie perturberait donc l'identification de l'aliment chez les poussins nouvellement éclos de types label et standard. Ces résultats montrent que l'olfaction jouerait un rôle dans la reconnaissance de l'aliment par les poussins. La composante olfactive de la nourriture serait donc à ne pas négliger en élevage au démarrage
Vocal expression of emotions has been observed across species and could provide a non-invasive and reliable means to assess animal emotions. We investigated if pig vocal indicators of emotions ...revealed in previous studies are valid across call types and contexts, and could potentially be used to develop an automated emotion monitoring tool. We performed an analysis of an extensive and unique dataset of low (LF) and high frequency (HF) calls emitted by pigs across numerous commercial contexts from birth to slaughter (7414 calls from 411 pigs). Our results revealed that the valence attributed to the contexts of production (positive versus negative) affected all investigated parameters in both LF and HF. Similarly, the context category affected all parameters. We then tested two different automated methods for call classification; a neural network revealed much higher classification accuracy compared to a permuted discriminant function analysis (pDFA), both for the valence (neural network: 91.5%; pDFA analysis weighted average across LF and HF (cross-classified): 61.7% with a chance level at 50.5%) and context (neural network: 81.5%; pDFA analysis weighted average across LF and HF (cross-classified): 19.4% with a chance level at 14.3%). These results suggest that an automated recognition system can be developed to monitor pig welfare on-farm.
De novo metastatic breast cancer represents 5 to 8% of all breast cancers (2500 new cases per year in France). Systemic treatment is the cornerstone of treatment, whereas radiation therapy usually ...has a palliative intent. Advances in systemic and local treatments (surgery and radiation therapy) have substantially improved overall survival. In the recent breast cancer statistics in the United States, the 5-year relative survival for patients diagnosed during 2012–2018 was 29% for stage IV (Breast Cancer Statistics). Thus, an increasing proportion of metastatic breast cancers present a prolonged complete response to systemic therapy, which raises the question of the impact of local treatment on patient survival. Radiation therapy has shown its value for early breast cancer, but its place in the local management of the primary tumour or oligometastatic sites for de novo metastatic breast cancer remains under debate. This article is a literature review assessing the role of radiation therapy directed to the primary tumour and oligometastatic sites of breast cancer in patients with synchronous metastases, in order to highlight clinicians in their therapeutic decision.
Les cancers du sein métastatiques synchrones représentent 5 à 8 % des diagnostics de cancers du sein (2500 nouveaux cas par an en France). Les traitements systémiques demeurent dans ce contexte la pierre angulaire du traitement, la radiothérapie n’étant habituellement réservée qu’à des fins palliatives. Les progrès récents des traitements systémiques et locaux (chirurgie et radiothérapie) ont permis une amélioration significative de la survie globale de ces patientes, cette survie étant estimée à 29 % à 5 ans pour les patientes prises en charge entre 2012 et 2018 aux États-Unis. Dans ce contexte, une proportion importante de patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein métastatique synchrone obtient une réponse prolongée aux traitements systémiques, posant la question de l’impact des traitements locaux sur la survie. La radiothérapie a clairement démontré son bénéfice en situation adjuvante mais son rôle pour le traitement local de la tumeur primitive ou des sites oligométastatiques dans ce contexte reste débattu. Cet article est une revue de la littérature évaluant le rôle de l’irradiation du cancer primitif et des sites oligométastatiques chez les patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein métastatique synchrone, dans le but d’éclairer les cliniciens dans leurs décisions thérapeutiques.
In most buildings, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are controlled by indoor air temperature. However, the temperature sensor is often misplaced in the building and the ...measured temperature is not representative of the perceived temperature. In a context where the buildings must ensure good thermal comfort for the occupants while remaining energy efficient, the knowledge of the temperature distribution in the building is crucial. In this paper, we propose a method which enables to obtain in real-time the temperature distribution in a room. It is decomposed into two steps: an ”offline” step and an ”online” step. The offline step consists in constituting a database of several flow regimes (several Reynolds numbers and Rayleigh numbers) with CFD simulations. This sampling enables then to build a POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) basis. In the online step, knowing the inlet and outdoor temperatures, the temperature in the occupation zone is obtained in real-time using an optimization algorithm and POD reconstruction. The velocity in the occupation zone is likewise determined. The method is approved on a tridimensional ventilated room. The results produce a good accuracy. Moreover, a parametric study has been made in order to determine the influence of the number and the position of the sensors and the kept POD modes number.
•Increasing HVAC efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings.•Importance of knowledge of temperature distribution in room.•”Offline–online” procedure.•Evaluation of the temperature field in the occupation zone in room.•Accurate model validated on a tridimensional room.
Why are the rays of the Greek god Helios on the forehead of a crocodile-headed Egyptian deity? Navigating the maze of Greek and Egyptian communities and creeds, Gaëlle Tallet investigates the ...plasticity of material culture in the polytheistic context of Graeco-Roman Egypt. Using the Ariadne’s thread of the manufacturing of new images, suitable to new needs and new understandings of the divine, La Splendeur des dieux opens the doors of the workshops where these images were designed, ordered and crafted. Tallet offers a full re-appraisal of the cultural balance of powers in Graeco-Roman Egypt, depicting the indigenous clergies and artists as integratedactors of an Egyptian Hellenicity that helped promote and preserve their millenaries-old traditions.
Que viennent faire les rayons solaires du dieu grec Hélios sur le front d’un dieu crocodile égyptien ? Cette question est au point de départ d’une enquête au cœur de la plasticité du système polythéiste de l’Égypte gréco-romaine. Parcourant le labyrinthe des diverses communautés et croyances grecques et égyptiennes, Gaëlle Tallet utilise le fil d’Ariane de la production des images religieuses, réponses à de nouveaux besoins et de nouvelles perceptions du divin, et ouvre les portes des ateliers où elles ont été conçues, commandées et façonnées. La Splendeur des dieux propose une réévaluation du rôle des clergés et des artistes indigènes dans l’élaboration d’un hellénisme proprement égyptien, qui leur a permis de promouvoir et préserver des traditions millénaires.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive tumor with no known curative treatment. Better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of mesothelial carcinogenesis is required to develop new ...therapeutic strategies. MPM, like all cancer cells, needs to maintain telomere length to prevent senescence. Previous studies suggested that the telomere lengthening mechanism in MPM is based mainly on telomerase activity. For this reason, we focused on the key catalytic enzyme, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), by analyzing its gene expression in MPM and by studying the mechanism underlying its upregulation. We used our large collection of MPM composed of 61 MPM in culture and 71 frozen MPM tumor samples. Evaluation of TERT mRNA expression by quantitative RT-PCR showed overexpression in MPM in culture compared with normal mesothelial cells, and in MPM tumor samples compared with normal pleura. We identified a 'hot spot' of mutations in the TERT gene core promoter in both MPM in culture and in MPM tumor samples with an overall frequency of 15%. Furthermore, data clearly identified mutation in the TERT promoter as a mechanism of TERT mRNA upregulation in MPM. In contrast, gene copy number amplification was not associated with TERT overexpression. Then, we analyzed the clinicopathological, etiological and genetic characteristics of MPM with mutations in the TERT promoter. TERT promoter mutations were more frequent in MPM with sarcomatoid histologic subtype (P<0.01), and they were frequently associated with CDKN2A gene inactivation (P=0.03). In conclusion, a subgroup of MPM presents TERT promoter mutations, which lead to TERT mRNA upregulation. This is the first recurrent gain-of-function oncogenic mutations identified in MPM.
Chemosensory deficits are associated with reduced weight gain in newly hatched chicks Porter , R.H. (INRA (France). UMR 0085 UMR INRA / CNRS / Univ. Tours : Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements); Picard , M. (INRA (France). UR 0083 Station de Recherches Avicoles); Arnould , C. (INRA (France). UR 0083 Station de Recherches Avicoles) ...
2002
Publication
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